金针菇杂交菌株的同工酶标记与菌株特性

采用垂直平板板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＰＡＧＥ）法，利用酯酶同工酶谱和可溶性蛋白ＰＡＧＥ表型的差异，对金针菇的杂交后代作了遗传分析和鉴定。结果表明，金针菇杂交亲本及其后代抽工酶箐型表现明显的多型性。４个杂交菌株的同工酶亲本有较明显的差异。２处生化（ＥＳＴ，ＰＲＯ）标记在杂交菌株中均表现有不同程度的遗传互补性，并有新的酶带产生。结合同工酶酶谱和标记杂合位点数目对杂种优势可进行早期预测和栽培验证。     

双孢菇工厂化生产环境因子调控系统设计

双孢菇工厂化生产中环境因子是影响双孢菇的生长发育的主要因素。为此,针对双孢菇高效工厂化生产对环境条件的要求,开发了控温、调湿装置,设计了多因素模糊控制策略,实现了环境温湿度、培养料土温湿度的综合调控。试验结果表明:系统正常运行状态下,培养料土温度控制偏差小于0.7℃,温度上升响应速度大于0.4℃/h;环境湿度调控偏差小于3.5%,湿度上升响应速度大于5%/h;喷淋后培养料土各点位均处于最适含水量范围,含水量标准差约为4.04%。所设计环境调控系统整体性能稳定可靠,能够满足双孢菇生长所需环境要求。该系统可为双孢菇工厂化生产环境自动精准调控提供技术支撑。     

Improving Drought Tolerance of Rice by Designed QTL Pyramiding

Drought is the most important factor limiting rice yields in the rainfed areas of Asia. To overcome the problem, we developed a new strategy ＇designed QTL pyramiding＇ to more efficiently develop drought tolerant （DT） rice cultivars. In the first phase of this strategy, we developed large numbers of introgression lines （ILs） in elite backgrounds using backcross （BC） breeding, each of which carries multiple genomic segments for improved DT from a known donor. Then, we genotyped all ILs with SSR markers to track the genomewide pattern of introgression in the DT ILs of 16 BC populations derived from crosses between 2 recipients （IR64 and Teqing） and four different donors. X^2 tests and linkage disequilibrium analyses of introgression in the DT ILs revealed significant frequency shifts at many loci across the genome and non-random associations at the multilocus level as a result of selection for DT in the ILs, which led us to the discovery of putative genetic networks underlying DT in the ILs. The networks each containing all DT loci detected in ILs from a BC population showed some interesting features.     

抗草甘膦棉花研究进展

抗草甘膦棉花最早于1997在美国释放,它是通过将编码抗草甘膦酶5-烯醇式丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合成酶基因导入珂字棉312而获得的抗性株.抗草甘膦棉花在美国的种植面积占棉花总种植面积从1997年的3.2%到增加到2005年的60%左右.在这近十年内,抗草甘膦棉花虽然得到了广泛的种植,但也存在着不少问题,其中最为突出的是草甘膦的施用方法和时期的不正确操作对抗草甘膦棉花的根系生长、育性和产量都产生了负面影响.这主要是因为:1、外界因素,包括草甘膦施用方法在内的其他栽培措施和不利的环境条件,如高温,对抗草甘膦棉花的产量及生长的影响;2、内部因素,抗草甘膦棉花不同器官对草甘膦的吸收量及抗草甘膦基因的表达量差异有关.因此,本文从抗草甘膦棉花对草甘膦的吸收分配、草甘膦的施用量和时期对抗草甘膦棉花根系生长、花药开裂及产量等方面综述了这些年来抗草甘膦棉花在应用过程中的问题,并且对今后抗草甘膦棉花育种方面作了展望.     

OsI2基因的克隆及其植物表达载体的构建

在旱稻IRAT109干旱胁迫下cDNA芯片分析结果的基础上,通过RT-PCR,5'-RACE及3'-RACE方法,从IRAT109总RNA中扩增得到了干旱胁迫下芯片表达谱中上升表达强度第二的基因全长序列,命名为OsI2,全长有523 bp,并对基因序列结构进行了分析.该基因与全长cDNA文库中的CT836140.1有99%同源.OsI2基因编码产物对应1个包含57个氨基酸的开放阅读框(ORF),为一功能未知蛋白.其编码产物也可能对应两个中间相隔19 bp的较小ORFs(43个氨基酸和42个氨基酸),都是功能未知的蛋白.在pBI121载体的基础上,将OsI2基因与CaMV35S连接成功构建了pBl121-OsI2植物表达载体,为进一步研究其功能创造了条件.     

人才培养与高校管理机制创新的探讨

随着高等教育的快速发展,现阶段高等教育质量已成为人们普遍关注的问题.结合吉林农业大学深入开展高等教育改革的实践,以构建有效的创新教学管理机制为突破口,为提高人才培养质量提供强有力的机制保障,推进学校可持续健康发展.     

基于卷积神经网络的农作物叶片病害诊断

农作物病害诊断对于及时发现并采取防控措施具有重要意义.本研究针对苹果、玉米、番茄、葡萄等典型农作物的常见叶片病害问题,使用了两种目前使用最广泛的卷积神经网络——VGG 16及Resnet50,对典型农作物叶片病害进行识别.使用AI Challenger比赛的农作物叶片病害数据集图像,并对这些图像进行预处理,构建了47 ...     

岳阳市城区藤本植物的应用现状

藤本植物的应用是增加城市绿化面积的有效措施,文章对岳阳市城区藤本植物的应用现状进行调查分析,举例介绍了应用中存在的问题并提出建议,以期在城市绿化中更科学地应用藤本植物.     

Ulva (Enteromorpha) Polysaccharides and Oligosaccharides: A Potential Functional Food Source from Green-Tide-Forming Macroalgae

The high-valued utilization of Ulva (previously known as Enteromorpha) bioresources has drawn increasing attention due to the periodic blooms of world-wide green tide. The polysaccharide is the main functional component of Ulva and exhibits various physiological activities. The Ulva oligosaccharide as the degradation product of polysaccharide not only possesses some obvious activities, but also possesses excellent solubility and bioavailability. Both Ulva polysaccharides and oligosaccharides hold promising potential in the food industry as new functional foods or food additives. Studies on Ulva polysaccharides and oligosaccharides are increasing and have been the focus of the marine bioresources field. However, the comprehensive review of this topic is still rare and do not cover the recent advances of the structure, isolation, preparation, activity and applications of Ulva polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. This review systematically summarizes and discusses the recent advances of chemical composition, extraction, purification, structure, and activity of Ulva polysaccharides as well as oligosaccharides. In addition, the potential applications as new functional food and food additives have also been considered, and these will definitely expand the applications of Ulva oligosaccharides in the food and medical fields.     

磷对稻田甲烷排放的影响及其可能机制

目前关于磷对稻田甲烷排放的影响研究较少,为此,本文检索了已发表的磷对稻田甲烷排放的相关文章,并对文献数据进行了再挖掘分析,总结归纳了磷对甲烷产生和氧化的可能影响,并对未来需要进一步探究的问题进行了讨论。分析发现磷对稻田甲烷排放的调控主要受种植系统和其他施肥情况的影响,一季中稻下大都表现为磷肥施用降低甲烷排放,降幅受其他土壤养分情况影响而不同。磷通过影响水稻根系及其分泌物进而影响土壤碳的有效性,直接影响土壤磷的有效性,并改变土壤产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌的丰度和群落组成来调控甲烷的产生及氧化过程,最终影响甲烷的排放。