东海区发展水产资源增养殖的设想

东海区海岸线和岛屿岸线分别占全国的34%和49.1%,面积大于500m~2的岛屿共3481个,潍涂面积占全国的46.7%。港湾众多,总面积25507 km~2,0～20 m 水深的浅海面积64461 km~2,约占全国50%。东海区栖息了许多名特优的渔业资源,海洋生物具有相当的丰度和广度,水文环境稳定,营养盐类丰富,初级生产力高,也是多种鱼类、虾类、蟹类的栖息、繁殖场所。东海区(包括福建省、浙江省、上海市和江苏省)1991年海水增养殖面积达1335 km~2,总产量48.0万 t。全区具有较大规模的海带育苗、紫菜育苗、贝类育苗、虾类育苗、海蜇育苗的场地和设备。鱼类育苗技术不断提高.现已进行了约80个种类的人工、半人工育苗及20个种类的增殖放流或移植、自然增殖的试验。海水养殖种类达40～50种。东海区得天独厚的具有高经济价值的鳗苗和中华绒螫蟹苗的天然苗种资源。东海区既是全国海水增养殖业的重要基地也希望取得周边国家和地区的支持和合作。提出了今后(2000年止)发展的具体设想内容及主要项目,以及应采取的措施等,具有指导意义。     

Molecular cloning and dimorphic expression of growth hormone (gh) in female and male spotted scat Scatophagus argus

Spotted scat Scatophagus argus exhibits a typical sexual growth dimorphism in which the females grow faster than the males. Growth hormone (GH) is best known as an anterior pituitary hormone fundamental in regulating growth. To clarify the roles in sexual growth dimorphism in the spotted scat, gh cDNA was isolated from the pituitary. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the GH amino acid sequences of spotted scat and other vertebrates, and the resulting topology clearly reflects the taxonomic relationship of the Perciformes species selected. Alignment of GH amino acid sequences displayed very high similarity between the spotted scat and the other Perciformes species. The qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that females exhibited higher pituitary gh mRNA levels than males at 6, 18, and 30 months (P < 0.05), which was 1.84, 4.61 and 6.34 times greater, respectively. In addition, immature males (6 months) exhibited higher pituitary gh mRNA levels than mature males (18 and 30 months). These results imply that the sexual growth dimorphism may be ascribable to the gh levels in pituitary in spotted scat.     

First report of Shewanella sp. and Listonella sp. infection in freshwater cultured loach,Misgurnus anguillicaudatus

A novel disease outbreak occurred among cultured loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus in China. The diseased fish displayed lethargy, loss of appetite, black discolouration, anasarca and ventral skin hyperaemia. Clinical signs were observed in most of the fish examined, which consisted of discoloured liver, swollen spleen and petechial haemorrhage in the intestine and peritoneal membranes. The causative agent was found to be two species of bacteria by experimental infection, identified as Shewanella sp. and Listonella sp. The result showed that these were likely to be Shewanella putrefaciens and Listonella anguillarum respectively. Bacterial identification consisted of physiological and biochemical tests as well as 16S rRNA sequence analysis. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed, revealing that Shewanella putrefaciens and Listonella anguillarum were susceptible to enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, pipemidicacid and norfloxacin. This is the first report of S. putrefaciens and L. anguillarum from cultured loach.     

福尔马林对鳜鱼苗种车轮虫、斜管虫病的防治研究

福尔马林对车轮虫、斜管虫有极强的杀灭能力,对鳜鱼苗种的安全浓度为2.04ppm.在网箱、孵化缸中的泼洒浓度为150～200ppm,池塘中为20ppm.试验结果表明:福尔马林对鳜鱼苗种车轮虫、斜管虫病的治疗效果好于硫酸铜、硫酸亚铁合剂及硫酸铜。     

浙南沿海羊栖菜繁殖生物学的初步研究

本文研究了羊栖菜的有性生殖和营养繁殖。前者包括生殖托的发生、精卵的排放及合子的发育与环境因子的关系。后者主要为定株观察假根再生芽的发生。本研究为羊栖菜的人工育苗和资源保护提供了科学依据。     

坛紫菜自由丝状体细胞超微结构的初步研究

本文介绍了用扫描电镜和透射电镜对坛紫菜自由丝状体细胞观察的结果。发现在坛紫菜自由丝状体的膨大藻丝细胞外壁上具有脊突；在丝状藻丝及膨大藻丝细胞的间壁上，存在着孔状联系。在坛紫菜自由丝状体的细胞质中，清晰地观察到内质网结构；这些内质网多分布于细胞核的周围，有些地方并与核膜连接，在细胞膜的附近也能观察到内质网的存在。在细胞核中可以看到双层核膜，在双层核膜之间是一核膜间区，核膜上具有核孔，此外还可见到核仁和浓聚深色的染色质。     

东海带鱼摄食习性、饵料基础及与渔场的关系

本文对东海主要渔场中带鱼Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus的摄食习性、饵料浮游生物的群落结构及数量分布等进行了阐述和分析，并对其与渔场间的关系进行了探讨。研究结果表明，东海带鱼是一种以磷虾等甲壳动物和小型鱼类等为主食，并兼食头足类、毛颚动物等的杂食性鱼类。研究结果还阐明浮游动物生物量及磷虾等的数量分布同东海带鱼渔场的位置变化和鱼群移动的关系密切，其中冬、春季浙江南部近海渔场；夏、秋季长江口及海礁、舟山等渔场，其关系尤为明显。     

无级变速器电子控制单元硬件在环仿真系统

设计了无级变速器电子控制单元硬件在环仿真系统,进行了无级变速器电子控制单元硬件在环仿真试验,并且对仿真测试及优化后的电子控制单元进行了实车试验验证.结果均表明,该系统能够对车辆集成模型与电子控制单元的控制算法进行实时验证及优化控制,为无级变速器电子控制单元开发提供了一个仿真测试平台.