绿肥苦豆子草中植物生长刺激物质的初步研究

应用生物测定方法,测定了苦豆子草中生物碱的某些植物激素活性.结果表明,喹喏里嗪啶生物碱类具有明显的植物生长刺激作用:促进离体黄瓜子叶的扩张和干物质的积累;促进离体黄瓜子叶根的形成和根的生长.     

干旱区绿洲农田土壤污染生态补偿标准测算——以白银、金昌市郊农业区为例

文中基于环境价值评估法(CVM)为干旱区绿洲农田土壤重金属污染防治生态补偿政策进行了计量经济学的模型分析,测算了农户对当地实施生态补偿的受偿意愿。在382个调查样本中,91.79%的受访村民认为所在地目前土壤污染问题十分严重并已造成了食用人群健康风险,制定合理的生态补偿标准是保障生态修复工程的核心因素。受偿意愿调查结果显示,干旱区绿洲农田受重金属污染的农户的年平均受偿意愿(MWPA)在746.45-862.73元/hm2之间,影响该数额的主要因素为农户家庭人口、户均耕地面积以及农户受教育程度。该结果说明受访农户提出的受偿意愿是以当地种植基本粮食作物的年收入840元/亩为基础的,但未包括当地农业生产的生态效益损失和对人群健康影响的损失,且受经济欠发达地区农户年均收入较低和信息获取渠道缺乏的影响,当地农户受偿意愿低于其他地区生态补偿受偿意愿。     

Western flower thrips resistance to insecticides: detection, mechanisms and management strategies

Insecticide resistance continues to be one of the most important issues facing agricultural production. The challenges in insecticide resistance and its management are exemplified by the situation with the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). This highly invasive pest has a great propensity for developing insecticide resistance because of its biological attributes, and cases of resistance to most classes of insecticides used for its management have been detected. To combat insecticide resistance in the western flower thrips, several insecticide resistance management (IRM) programs have been developed around the world, and these are discussed. Successful programs rely on non-insecticidal tactics, such as biological and cultural controls and host plant resistance, to reduce population pressures, rotations among insecticides of different mode of action classes to conserve insecticide efficacy, resistance monitoring, sampling to determine the need for insecticide applications and education to assure proper implementation. More judicious insecticide use is possible with the development of well-founded economic thresholds for more cropping systems. While growers will continue to rely on insecticides as part of western-flower-thrips- and thrips-transmitted virus management, more effective management of these pests will be achieved by considering their management in the context of overall integrated pest management, with IRM being a key component of those comprehensive programs.     

兰州百合组培快繁体系的构建

以兰州百合新鲜鳞茎为外植体,选择MS和1/2 MS培养基为基本培养基,采用正交设计研究不同消毒剂组合对外植体存活率、不同植物生长调节剂组合对愈伤组织诱导率和发芽率的影响;并用响应面法优化不同激素组合对生根率的影响。结果表明:(1)最佳消毒剂组合为75%乙醇消毒20 s+2%次氯酸钠溶液浸泡10 min,外植体成活率可达96.30%。(2)愈伤组织诱导最佳培养基配方为MS+0.3 mg·L^-1 NAA+3 mg·L^-1 6-BA,诱导率可达96.33%。(3)促进发芽的最佳培养基配方为MS+0.3 mg·L^-1 NAA+3 mg·L^-1 6-BA,发芽率可达98.00%。(4)促进生根的最佳培养基配方为1/2 MS+0.5 mg·L^-1 NAA+3 mg·L^-1 6-BA+2 mg·L^-1活性炭,生根率可达94.00%。本研究建立的组培快繁体系可用于兰州百合的快速大量繁殖,可为兰州百合组培苗的工厂化生产提供参考。     

外源铅在西北干旱区绿洲灌淤土-小麦中的迁移及其生物效应

以干旱区绿洲灌淤土为供试土壤,采用盆栽模拟试验和室内分析研究了铅(Pb)对小麦生长的影响及其在小麦体内的迁移富集规律,以期为Pb污染土壤的管理提供一定的科学依据。结果表明：Pb在添加低质量分数下能促进小麦生长,但达到临界值150 mg kg-1后,就会出现明显的毒害作用。随着Pb添加质量分数的增加,各器官中Pb含量也呈增长趋势。小麦根对Pb的富集能力最强,籽粒对Pb的富集能力最弱。随着Pb添加质量分数的增加,土壤中可交换态Pb和碳酸盐结合态Pb所占比例呈增加趋势。在绿洲灌淤土—小麦系统中,可交换态Pb具有很大的生物有效性。     

生物质能研究现状及展望

生物质能是当前能源和生态环境领域研究的热点。该文鉴于目前能源、生态环境状况以及生物质能的利用现状、所处的战略地位，对当前生物质能研究的四个热点：生物质能开发利用潜力、生物质能利用对生态环境影响、生物质能开发利用技术研究、生物质能开发利用可行性分析及其发展前景进行了阐述，同时就发展生物质能需要解决的问题作了简要的分析,进而对生物质能开发利用研究有个全面的科学的认识。在能源需求、生态环境保护和发展经济的拉动下，生物质能在未来将具有广阔的发展前景。     

红星苹果矮化自根砧的营养耐旱生理特性

对嫁接在M7、M9、山定子砧木上的红星苹果的叶片解剖结构、叶绿素含量、净光合效率、矿质营养及耐旱性进行测定,结果表明,供试砧木对嫁接品种的叶片厚度、栅状组织厚度、比叶重、叶绿素含量、叶绿素a含量及净光合效率均无显著影响;叶片矿质元素含量,除M9、山定子与M7的B元素外,各砧木嫁接品种的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn元素含量均无显著差异:在干旱条件下,山定子比M7、M9砧木耐旱,山定子与M7、M9对嫁接品种蒸腾强度无显著影响,但前者比后者叶片水势大,表现了耐旱的特性。     

用组培方法繁殖韭菜雄性不育无性系的研究简报

<正> 韭菜(Allium tuberosum Rottler)是以营养体叶片为商品,具有较强的分蘖能力,可以用分株方法繁殖的多年生蔬菜。我国有众多韭菜地方品种和新育成的品种,如能在韭菜品种中找到雄性不育株,以组培快繁技术建立雄性不育系的无性系,其后再利用田间分株繁殖与组培快繁并进的方法扩大不育系群体,加之韭菜又可以在良好的栽培条件下生长20年至30年,使利用雄性不育系的无性系生产一代杂交种具有实用意义。     

Heavy Metal Concentrations in Gray Calcareous Soils of Baiyin Region,Gansu Province,P.R. China

Concentrations of cadmium (Cd), copper(Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and nickel(Ni) were measured in cultivated gray calcareous soilscollected in the two basins of Baiyin urban area. Thevalues revealed fluctuating and enriched Cd, Pb, Cuand Zn concentrations in the cultivated soils,suggesting recent inputs from anthropogenic sources.There also existed differences between these twodrainage areas, indicating the characteristics ofpollution sources differed. Concentrations of Cd, Pband to a lesser extent Cu and Zn were higher in thisregion as compared with the micrometal backgroundvalues in gray calcareous soil, which may beattributed to the proximity of these soil sites tocontaminated streams, or to the utilization offarmyard manure or fertilizers. Comparison of obtainedmetal concentration levels with other areas in theworld revealed elevated values for Cd and Pb, showinga considerable amount of pollution in the area.Continuous monitoring and further studies of the areaare recommended to ascertain long-term effect that mayhave not yet been reached and to prevent pollution offarmland from worsening.     

杨二尾舟蛾幼虫空间分布型及抽样技术的研究

通过采用种群的聚集度指数：Ｃ、１／ｋ，λ，ｍ√ｘ、Ｌ、Ｔａｙｌｏｒ冥法则和ｍ对ｍ的回归方法测定杨二尾舟蛾幼虫的空间分布型，并用不同的抽样方法比较离抽样精确度，杨二尾舟蛾幼虫在林内呈聚集分布，其聚集的原因是由环境因素所引起，幼虫空间分布的基本成份是个体群，个体间相互吸引，分析证明杨二尾舟蛾幼虫采用平行线和“Ｚ”字型抽样方法误差最小。