Evolutionary changes of Hox genes and relevant regulatory factors provide novel insights into mammalian morphological modifications

The diversity of body plans of mammals accelerates the innovation of lifestyles and the extensive adaptation to different habitats, including terrestrial, aerial and aquatic habitats. However, the genetic basis of those phenotypic modifications, which have occurred during mammalian evolution, remains poorly explored. In the present study, we synthetically surveyed the evolutionary pattern of Hox clusters that played a powerful role in the morphogenesis along the head–tail axis of animal embryos and the main regulatory factors (Mll, Bmi1 and E2f6) that control the expression of Hox genes. A deflected density of repetitive elements and lineage‐specific radical mutations of Mll have been determined in marine mammals with morphological changes, suggesting that evolutionary changes may alter Hox gene expression in these lineages, leading to the morphological modification of these lineages. Although no positive selection was detected at certain ancestor nodes of lineages, the increased ω values of Hox genes implied the relaxation of functional constraints of these genes during the mammalian evolutionary process. More importantly, 49 positively‐selected sites were identified in mammalian lineages with phenotypic modifications, indicating adaptive evolution acting on Hox genes and regulatory factors. In addition, 3 parallel amino acid substitutions in some Hox genes were examined in marine mammals, which might be responsible for their streamlined body.     

"国家观念"视野下的国家政治安全研究

国家政治安全是国家安全研究体系中的核心问题之一。运用交叉研究的方法,借鉴国家安全学界、政治学界以及国际人权研究学界的最新研究成果,以"国家观念"作为逻辑主线,深入研究包含社会认同、社会政治意识形态、民族意识以及宗教信仰等因素在内的国家观念与国家政治安全在理论与实践上的辩证关系,有助于开拓国家安全学和人权法研究的视野,为国家长治久安与社会和谐提供基础理论上的支撑。     

新形势下加强动物检疫工作的思考

2015年,财政部、国家发展改革委下发了关于暂停征收动物及动物产品检疫费的通知,陕西安康市全面实施了镇村防疫机构改革。本文就安康市暂停征收检疫费和乡镇动物防疫工作机构改革后动物检疫工作现状进行了梳理分析,提出了加大宣传力度、加强体系建设、探索机制创新、实行区域联动、强化政策落实等对策。     

畜禽舍空气细菌内毒素两种检测方法的比较研究

[目的 ]比较气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MSMS)与鲎试验(LAL)在检测畜禽舍空气内毒素中的应用效果及相关性,以及气载内毒素是否对环境和饲养人员健康构成危害。[方法 ]通过国际标准AGI-30液体冲击式空气采样器,在4个养殖场16个畜禽舍采集空气样品,采用GC-MSMS与LAL测定空气细菌内毒素浓度。[结果 ]LAL测定的牛舍、猪舍、羊舍和禽舍空气细菌内毒素浓度中间值分别为1.85×10~5 EU/m~3、2.76×10~6 EU/m~3、4.82×10~5 EU/m~3、6.55×10~6 EU/m~3;而GC-MSMS测定的分别为3.3×10~4 EU/m~3、1.26×10~5 EU/m~3、2.4×10~4EU/m~3和8.21×10~5 EU/m~3。GC-MSMS在禽舍检测出的空气内毒素浓度显著大于其他畜舍(p0.05)。用LAL和GC-MSMS分析测定的空气中内毒素浓度超过了对大多数动物和人体有威胁的阈限值1.0×10~3EU/m~3。用GCMSMS与LAL测定的禽舍和羊舍空气样品中细菌内毒素浓度之间存在显著相关(p0.05),而牛舍和猪舍之间浓度没有显著相关性。GC-MSMS主要检测存在于动物舍空气内毒素中含有C_(14)-C_(18)链的3-羟基脂肪酸。LAL测定的内毒素浓度与含有C_(14)-C_(16)链3-羟基脂肪酸量之间有显著相关(p0.05)。[结论 ]GC-MSMS与LAL联合应用可以提高检测气载内毒素的准确性,且本研究表明畜禽舍中检测到的空气细菌内毒素浓度可以危害人类和家畜动物健康。     

Pseudolaric acid B induces glioblastoma cell line U87 mitotic arrest and apoptosis

AIM: To investigate the effects of pseudolaric acid B on the growth and apoptosis of glioblastoma cell line U87. METHODS: The cell morphological changes were observed under inverted microscope. The cell viability was evaluated by MTS assay. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry and Western blot. The cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The changes of apoptosis-related proteins cleaved PARP, caspase-3, procaspase-9 and caspase-8 were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Pseudolaric acid B inhibited the viability of U87 cells, arrested U87 cells in mitosis. Apoptosis of U87 cells was induced by pseudolaric acid B. The caspase pathway was activated. CONCLUSION: Pseudolaric acid B induces glioblastoma cell line U87 mitotic arrest and apoptosis.     

球茎大麦在大麦育种上的应用研究

本文介绍栽培大麦(2x)与球茎大麦(4x)种间杂种的产生及其细胞学鉴定结果。二者杂交成胚率平均可达48.43%,胚培成苗率平均可达25.64%。杂种F1染色体数为21,通过C-带鉴定表明,7条为母本栽培大麦染色体、14条为父本球茎大麦染色体。F1花粉母细胞中染色体构型:单价体4-7个、三价体1-3个,其余为二价体。杂种植株形态为父本球茎     

高硼土壤对小麦生长的影响

以澳大利亚抗硼试验常用对照种Ｈａｌｂｅｒｄ和Ｋｅｎｙａ Ｆａｒｍｅｒ为对照,研究了高含硼量土壤对我国小麦地上干重、根系、株高、分蘖和黄叶率的影响,结果表明,京冬６号、丰抗８号和晋麦４１号是对硼毒害不敏感的３个抗源。     

Analysis on Internal Stress in Polycrystalline Diamond Films Measured by Raman Spectroscopy

The divagation of the internal stress in diamond films is analyzed .It's found that due to the unknown directions of the stress and crystallographic axes , the proportional parameter to express the relationship between the stress and the shift of Raman spectrum is hard to obtain precisely , resulting in the divagation of the internal stresses which are calculated from the shift of Raman spectrum.     

矮嵩草(Kobresia humilis)草甸主要植物含水量及需水程度的初步研究

本项工作测定了高寒矮嵩草草甸10种主要植物不同物候期的水分含量、自然饱和亏、临界饱和亏和需水程度,分析了植物含水量及其季节性动态规律,了解了植物不同发育阶段的水分亏缺状况和抗旱性,并根据植物需水程度和水分饱和亏,初步提出不同时期灌溉对矮嵩草草甸生长的影响。