First isolation of Sarcocystis hominis from cattle in Japan.

Sarcocystis hominis was first isolated from slaughtered cattle raised in Japan. Cysts were 1,220-4,460 x 80-384 microns in size and their wall was 3 to 6 microns thick and appeared radially striated in the histopathological sections because of the presence of palisade-like villar protrusions on the surface. The protrusions were 3.1-4.3 x 0.7-1.1 microns in size and had many microtubules in the core. Two cynomolgus monkeys, Macaca fascicularis, fed with the Sarcocystis cysts began to pass sporocysts, which measured a size of 14.3-15 x 9.5-10 microns, in the feces 10 days after ingestion.     

甘薯耐旱性品种苗期筛选及耐旱性指标研究

为实现甘薯耐旱性品种的快速筛选,本试验采用室内PEG模拟连续干旱法对22个甘薯品种(系)进行了研究。结果表明:济薯21、12057、11001和零9281等品种(系)的根系持水力、根系活力和幼苗成活率较高,具有较强的苗期耐旱性;通过统计分析发现,根系持水力、薯苗质量和含水量、根系活力等可作为重要的苗期耐旱性筛选指标;干旱胁迫下根系的持水能力和采苗后薯苗状况是影响甘薯苗期耐旱性的重要因素。在生产上,选用耐旱性品种和采用壮苗是抵御干旱胁迫的重要措施。     

森林火灾控制能力的综合评价及其应用

根据森林火灾控制系统的特点，用层次分析法建立综合评价模型，并对河南省几个林场的防火能力进行综合评价，为森林火灾的科学控制提供了依据。     

三种群银鲫的RAPD分析初报

利用２０个随机引物对产于方正、彭泽和淇河地区的三个银鲫种群进行了ＲＡＰＤ检测结果显示１４个引物的扩增效果良好,单一引物扩增的ＤＮＡ片段数在２￣１３条之间,片段长度在３００￣４０００ｂｐ之间。根据ＲＡＰＤ结果,进行了银鲫种群内、种群间的遗传差异分析。１４个引物中,引物ＯＰＶ－０７、ＯＰＶ－１４和ＯＰＶ－２０等对三种群银鲫扩增出的指纹图谱差异显著,可作为银鲫种群鉴定的分子标记。     

Formation of a nematic fluid at high fields in Sr3Ru2O7

In principle, a complex assembly of strongly interacting electrons can self-organize into a wide variety of collective states, but relatively few such states have been identified in practice. We report that, in the close vicinity of a metamagnetic quantum critical point, high-purity strontium ruthenate Sr3Ru2O7 possesses a large magnetoresistive anisotropy, consistent with the existence of an electronic nematic fluid. We discuss a striking phenomenological similarity between our observations and those made in high-purity two-dimensional electron fluids in gallium arsenide devices.     

变量喷洒喷头组合喷灌试验

变量喷头可以根据喷洒地块形状和喷洒量的要求实现射程和流量的同步可控,对精确灌溉具有重要意义.试验研究了基于扇形通孔动静片调节器的变量喷头在系统不同压力工况下组合喷灌时的水量分布及喷灌均匀度等水力性能,并与传统圆形喷洒域喷头进行了对比,研究了变量调节器对喷头性能的影响及其对工作压力的敏感性.工作压力和调节器的双因素重复全面试验结果表明,变量精确灌溉喷头较传统圆形喷洒域喷头单喷头控制面积降低了15.4％,喷灌均匀度提高了9.5％,喷灌强度降低了15.7％,射程损失了5.9％,喷洒域系数可达64.0％.组合均匀度方差分析结果表明,调节器和工作压力以及两者之间的交互作用对组合均匀度都有极显著影响,变量调节器的设计需要满足喷头在不同工作压力工况条件下的性能要求.     

Assessing Silicon Availability in Soils of Rice-Growing Lowlands and Neighboring Uplands in Benin and Nigeria

Silicon(Si) is known as a beneficial nutrient in the cultivation of rice, playing a key role in photosynthesis enhancement, lodging resistance and tolerance to various environmental stress. The present study aimed to examine available Si content in both lowland soils(n = 29) and neighboring upland soils(n = 21) collected from Benin and Nigeria and to evaluate the validity of the assessment results through a pot experiment. Our results revealed that the acetate-buffer method predicted Si concentration in rice straw at the harvest stage(R~2 = 0.68, P < 0.01) better than the anaerobic-incubation method(R2 = 0.31, P > 0.05), and 76% of the uplands and 38% of the lowlands were deficient(< 50 mg/kg) in acetate-buffer soluble Si. These findings suggest that the Si-deficiency soils prevail across the study area, making rice plants starved for Si and prone to environmental stress.     

Effects of inulin on performance, egg quality, gut microflora and serum and yolk cholesterol in laying hens

1. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of inulin on laying hens. A total of 360 Brown Nick laying hens were divided randomly into 6 groups of 60 with 6 replicates of 10 hens and fed on diets containing 0 (control), 0·1, 0·5, 1·0, 1·5 or 2·0% inulin during the 4-week trial. 2. Dietary supplementation of inulin reduced cholesterol concentration (mg/g yolk) and content (mg/egg) in eggs. Cholesterol content in eggs decreased linearly with increasing levels of dietary inulin level. 3. Supplementation of inulin in diets decreased coliform bacteria counts and pH in the caecum. The lowest coliform bacteria counts (6·30 ± 0·03 log10 cfu/g) and pH (6·47 ± 0·01) were obtained in the 2·0% inulin group, the two indices decreasing by 21·6% and 3·0% respectively, compared with the control group. Coliform bacteria count and pH were changed linearly in accordance with increasing levels of dietary inulin level. Caecal Bifidobacteria counts were increased in the 2·0%-inulin group. 4. Inulin supplementation of layer diets did not appear to have any adverse effects on laying rate, egg weight, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, cracked-egg rate, eggshell thickness or Haugh unit compared with the control laying hens. 5. Therefore, dietary supplementation with inulin may lead to the development of low-cholesterol chicken eggs as demanded by health-conscious consumers.     

香肠自然风干过程中微生物和部分理化性质变化的研究

对如皋香肠在风干期间定时取样,分别测定其pH值,Aw值,亚硝酸钠含量,氯化钠含量,微生物细菌总数及菌群变化。结果显示,香肠的颜色指标发生了较明显变化,切面的颜色随成熟时间的延长变暗;香肠pH值呈现下降趋势;细菌总数和乳酸菌数在风干前8d时不断增加,随后逐渐稳定;氯化钠含量在风干8d前有升高趋势,随后趋向稳定;亚硝酸钠在风干8d前有升高趋势,随后趋向稳定。     

沙棘提取物对断奶仔猪消化机能的影响

选取28日龄长×大二元断奶仔猪24头,随机分两处理组,每个处理3个重复,每个重复4头,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂添加0.1%沙棘提取物的日粮,试验期28d。试验结束时测定胃、胰腺和小肠内容物的胃蛋白酶;胰腺和十二指肠的淀粉酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶;胃黏膜厚度、小肠各段绒毛高度和隐窝深度。结果表明,在饲料中添加0.1%沙棘提取物可显著提高断奶仔猪消化酶活性以及空肠和回肠的绒毛高度(P<0.05),并可改善断奶仔猪消化机能,缓解仔猪的断奶应激。