低纬高原区不同生态条件下旱地小麦新品种(系)产量形成及其群体动态特征差异

为了解低纬高原区不同生态条件下旱地小麦产量及群体结构特点,2016-2018年以该区新育成的3个旱地小麦新品种(系)(易2011-1、弥136-7和云麦69)为材料,选取具有代表性的昆明、丽江、德宏3个生态区进行试验,比较分析了不同生态区之间旱地小麦产量及其构成、茎蘖数变化、叶面积动态、旗叶净光合速率、干物质积累等方面的差异。结果表明,三品种(系)产量均表现为丽江德宏昆明,丽江2年平均产量较昆明分别高30.85%、31.97%和31.33%,较德宏分别高12.31%、28.96%和9.39%。丽江的单位面积穗数与昆明差异不显著,但二者均显著高于德宏;千粒重和穗粒数均表现为德宏丽江昆明,德宏千粒重与昆明差异显著。拔节期至成熟期的群体总茎数在丽江和昆明间差异不显著,但二者均显著高于德宏。分蘖成穗率在三生态区之间差异不显著。孕穗期至灌浆期的叶面积指数表现为丽江昆明德宏。开花期至花后14 d丽江的旗叶净光合速率低于德宏和昆明,花后21～28 d光合速率则表现为丽江德宏昆明;拔节期群体干物重在生态区间差异较小,孕穗期至成熟期丽江干物质积累较快,干物重显著高于德宏,德宏高于昆明。本试验条件下,丽江的小麦产量最高,群体结构最优。     

冲孔网板双循环穿流热风干燥试验台设计

根据果蔬干燥特性和穿流带式干燥的原理及特点,在分析穿流干燥工艺的基础上,建立双循环穿流干燥试验台.该试验台为上下穿流循环系统,各系统均可独立运行,穿流风速0～10 m/s,温度30～150℃,相对湿度0～100％,可实现自动进风和排湿、能耗显示、各参数显示及记录等功能.在该试验台进行了红辣椒干燥试验,研究了前期干燥温度、后期干燥温度和铺料厚度因素对干燥单位能耗的影响,得出前期干燥温度70℃(20 min)+60℃ (40 min),后期干燥温度55℃,铺料厚度14 cm的干燥工艺可获得最少单位能耗.     

云南小麦品种（系）锈病和赤霉病抗性功能基因的KASP标记检测

利用5个锈病成株期抗性基因的KASP标记Sr2_ger9 3p、Lr34jagger、CSTM4_67G、Lr68-2、VPM_SNP和抗赤霉病基因Fhb1的KASP标记TaHRC-KASP,对云南省育成的42个小麦品种（系）进行检测,旨在筛选出含有目标基因的优异小麦种质,为云南省持久抗病小麦新品种（系）的选育提供材料。结果表明,4个材料含兼抗型成株抗锈病基因Lr34/Yr18/Sr57,频率为9.52%;6个品种（系）含兼抗型成株抗锈病基因Lr67/Yr46/Sr55,频率为14.29%;7个材料含抗慢叶锈病基因Lr68,频率为16.67%;含兼抗型成株抗锈病基因Sr2/Yr30和成株抗叶锈基因Lr37的材料各有1个,频率均为2.38%;未检测出含抗赤霉病基因Fhb1的品种（系）。云麦69、云麦75、云麦56、宜麦1号和宜麦3号等兼有2个成株期抗锈病基因,可作为今后云南持久抗锈病育种的抗源材料。     

Anti-oxidative/oxidative status of rat liver after ovariectomy

The lack of protective action of oestrogens which appears during menopausal period may be the reason of serious metabolic disturbances including oxidative stress. The hypothesis was stated that ovariectomy may induce the variations of antioxidant/oxidant status which can be detected in rat liver. A total of 102 healthy Wistar female rats were included in the experiment and divided into control (CON; n = 6), sham-operated (SHO; n = 48) and ovariectomized (OVX; n = 48) groups. Animals from SHO (n = 6) and OVX (n = 6) groups were killed every week during 8 weeks of experiment to detect dynamic changes in examined parameters. Anti-oxidative enzyme activities [glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px); superoxide dismutase (SOD)] as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the intensity of lipid peroxidation, measured by the concentration of N,N,diethyl-p-phenylene diamine (DEPPD) radical, were determined in liver homogenates by the use of spectrophotometric methods. Wave-like patterns of examined parameters within 8 weeks of experiment were detected. GSH-Px activity tended to be higher in OVX animals and was significantly lower at 8th week when compared with 1st week of experiment. SOD activity was higher in SHO animals and showed significant differences between 3rd, 4th, 7th and 1st week. TAC values were significantly higher in OVX when compared with SHO groups in 2nd, 4th, 5th week and significantly lower in 3rd, 6th and 7th week of the experiment. The concentration of DEPPD radicals tended to increase in OVX group. In conclusion, ovariectomy which leads to oestrogen insufficiency is reflected as well in variation of anti-oxidative/oxidative parameters in rat liver homogenates.     

灵芝孢子粉和大豆异黄酮对文昌鸡生长性能、肉品质及抗氧化能力的影响

为研究灵芝孢子粉与大豆异黄酮对110~140日龄文昌鸡生长性能、肉品质与抗氧化能力的影响,试验选取540只110日龄文昌母鸡,随机分成3个处理组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只,试验周期30天,对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组分别在基础饲粮中添加500 mg/kg灵芝孢子粉和300 mg/kg大豆异黄酮预混剂,试验期满后,测定试鸡生长性能,采集试鸡血浆、胸肌样品,测定血液与胸肌抗氧化指标、胸肌肉质性状、肉感官评定及货架期指标。结果表明,与对照组相比,1)大豆异黄酮组试鸡的生长末重与平均日增重均显著增加(P<0.05),料重比降低(P<0.05);2)灵芝孢子粉显著提高试鸡胸肌宰后24 h的pH(P<0.05)、降低剪切力(P<0.05);大豆异黄酮显著降低胸肌宰后45 min的a^*值(P<0.05),提高胸肌宰后24 h的L^*值和pH(P<0.05);3)灵芝孢子粉组试鸡的肉汤鲜味评分显著提高(P<0.05);4)灵芝孢子粉可显著降低文昌鸡胸肌宰后24 h的丙二醛(MDA)与宰后45 min的挥发性盐基氮含量(P<0.05);大豆异黄酮显著降低试鸡胸肌宰后45 min和24 h的MDA含量(P<0.05);5)饲粮添加灵芝孢子粉与大豆异黄酮显著降低了文昌鸡血浆MDA含量(P<0.05),灵芝孢子粉还增加了血浆谷胱甘肽含量(P<0.05)。综上,500 mg/kg灵芝孢子粉和300 mg/kg大豆异黄酮预混剂均可提高文昌鸡的抗氧化能力,改善肌肉品质。二者比较,500 mg/kg灵芝孢子粉作用更优。     

杏李新品种金皇后杏李的选育及栽培技术

金皇后杏李1968年发现于陕西省乾县临平镇曲家村,起源不详。果实圆形或长圆形,平均单果重81.0g,最大单果重150.0g,果皮阳面着红色晕斑,果皮似李;果肉金黄色,肉质细而致密,汁液多,风味甜,兼有杏、李风味,鲜食品质中上等;采收时果实可溶性固形物含量15.19%,总酸含量1.76%;宜加工杏汁、杏脯、杏罐头等;在陕西省乾县,果实6月下旬至7月初成熟,抗细菌性穿孔病和褐腐病。2005年4月通过陕西省第二次果树品种委员会品种审定,并命名为金皇后杏李。     

贵州省羊口疮病例分子生物学诊断

为了更好地鉴别诊断疑似羊口疮病例,采用PCR技术、分子克隆技术和生物信息技术对毕节地区羊口疮疑似病例进行实验室诊断。结果显示,从疑似病例组织病料中扩增出与预期大小相符的1137bp的B2L基因片断,且该基因核苷酸同源性与GenBank中已发表羊口疮病毒序列间的同源性为97．1％～99．1％。试验结果表明,该病例为羊口疮...     

绵羊FSTL3基因g.40674542C>T位点多态性与产羔数的关联分析

文章旨在探究绵羊FSTL3基因g.40674542C>T位点多态性与绵羊产羔数之间的关系,以期为绵羊高繁殖力分子育种提供新的遗传标记。利用全基因组重测序结合Sequenom MassARRAY~SNP技术对常年发情绵羊品种(小尾寒羊、策勒黑羊和湖羊)和季节性发情绵羊品种(滩羊、苏尼特羊和草原型藏羊)FSTL3基因g.40674542C>T位点多态性进行了检测,并与小尾寒羊产羔数进行了关联分析。结果表明:FSTL3基因g.40674542C>T位点存在CC、TC和TT三种基因型,基因型频率和等位基因频率在两种发情模式绵羊品种间差异均不显著(P>0.05);g.40674542C>T位点在6个绵羊品种中均表现为低度多态(PIC<0.25),经卡方适合性检验,该位点在小尾寒羊、湖羊和草原型藏羊中处于哈代温伯格平衡状态(P>0.05),在其余3个绵羊品种中处于哈代温伯格不平衡状态;g.40674542C>T位点不同基因型与小尾寒羊第一、第二以及第三胎产羔数均无显著关联(P>0.05)。说明FSTL3基因g.40674542C>T位点不适合用于小尾寒羊产羔数选育。     

春季蔬菜应急育苗管理要点

化肥越撒越多,农药越打越多,土地越种越瘦……这是我国设施蔬菜迅猛发展背后的尴尬现实。过量、不合理施肥用药,不仅增加生产成本,也严重威胁着农产品质量安全和农业生态环境安全。从农业部制定《到2020年化肥使用量零增长行动方案》和《到2020年农药使用量零增长行动方案》,到科技部启动“化学肥料和农药减施增效综合技术研发”专项,一时间,设施蔬菜“化肥、农药双减”项目在全国遍地开花,试验田里的无数次探索,承载了人们“绿色农田、放心菜园”的殷殷期盼。     

Soilless culture in China

Soilless culture in China has developed rapidly in recent years.The aree of soilless culture in China was about 0. 1 ha in 1985,but in 2002 the area reached to 865 ha. This paper introduced the brief history of soilless culture in China, and the main soilless culture systems. The present situation and problems are also discussed in this paper.