行距比例及密度对绿洲灌区玉米水分利用效率的互作效应

探究是否可以将行距比例和种植密度集成于同一作物生产系统中来提高作物产量,增加水分利用效率。以玉米五谷568为研究材料,于2017—2018年进行大田试验,设7∶3(L_1,宽行56 cm∶窄行24 cm),6∶4 (L_2,宽行48 cm∶窄行32 cm),5∶5(L_3,等行距40 cm) 3个行距比例水平,82 500株/hm~2(D_1)、90 000株/hm~2(D_2)、97 500株/hm~2(D_3)、105 000株/hm~2(D_4)、112 500株/hm~2(D_5) 5个种植密度,探讨不同行距比例及密度处理对玉米的耗水特征、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,L1行距比例可有效降低玉米耗水量,但会增加棵间蒸发,对E/ET影响不显著,其中2017年L_1较L_3能有效降低耗水量11.9%,2018年无显著差异;此外与传统行距比例相比,L_1行距比例具有增产优势,玉米增产5.2%～10.5%,提高水分利用效率6.5%～8.7%。密度间比较,D_3密度较传统密度D_1能有效降低耗水量、棵间蒸发量以及E/ET,对玉米增产及水分利用效率的提高有促进作用;其中D_3密度较传统密度D_1耗水量降低13.3%,2018年差异不显著;棵间蒸发量减小7.1%～7.2%;E/ET减小6.8%～19.2%;玉米增产7.5%～17.1%;水分利用效率提高23.9%～46.2%。2年L_1D_3较传统处理L_3D_1耗水量降低12.8%～30.6%;棵间蒸发量降低8.5%～10.4%;E/ET降低7.3%～7.5%;玉米产量增加7.7%～25.5%;水分利用效率提高36.0%～41.2%。因此,在河西绿洲灌区,7∶3(L_1,宽行56 cm∶窄行24 cm)行距比例结合97 500株/hm~2(D_3)种植密度可有效增加玉米产量,提高玉米水分利用效率。     

Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PPARγ expression in porcine uteroplacenta for regulating of placental angiogenesis through VEGF-mediated signalling

Non-infectious prenatal mortality severely affects the porcine industry, with pathological placentation as a likely key reason. Previous studies have demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) deficiency causes defects in the uteroplacental vasculature and induces embryonic losses in mice. However, its role in porcine placental angiogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, PPARγ expression was investigated in porcine uteroplacental tissues at gestational day (GD) 25, GD40 and GD70 via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Moreover, the roles of PPARγ in porcine placental angiogenesis were investigated using a cell model of porcine umbilical vein endothelial cells (PUVECs) to conduct proliferation, migration and tube formation assays in vitro and a mouse xenograft model to assess capillary formation in vivo. The results showed that PPARγ was mainly located in the glandular epithelium, trophoblast, amniotic chorion epithelium and vascular endothelium, as indicated by the higher expression levels at GD25 and GD40 than at GD70 in endometrium and by higher expression levels at GD40 and GD70 than at GD25 in placenta. Moreover, PPARγ expression was significantly downregulated in placenta with dead foetus. In PUVECs, knocking out PPARγ significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and tube formation in vitro and inhibited capillary formation in mouse xenografts in vivo by blocking S-phase, promoting apoptosis and downregulating the angiogenic factors of VEGF and its receptors. Overall, the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PPARγ expression in porcine uteroplacental tissue suggests its vital role in endometrial remodelling and placental angiogenesis, and PPARγ regulates placental angiogenesis through VEGF-mediated signalling.     

杏李新品种金皇后杏李的选育及栽培技术

金皇后杏李1968年发现于陕西省乾县临平镇曲家村,起源不详。果实圆形或长圆形,平均单果重81.0g,最大单果重150.0g,果皮阳面着红色晕斑,果皮似李;果肉金黄色,肉质细而致密,汁液多,风味甜,兼有杏、李风味,鲜食品质中上等;采收时果实可溶性固形物含量15.19%,总酸含量1.76%;宜加工杏汁、杏脯、杏罐头等;在陕西省乾县,果实6月下旬至7月初成熟,抗细菌性穿孔病和褐腐病。2005年4月通过陕西省第二次果树品种委员会品种审定,并命名为金皇后杏李。     

不同嫁接方法对甜瓜枯萎病抗性的影响及其生理响应

本文研究了插接、断根嫁接和靠接3种嫁接方法对甜瓜枯萎病抗性的影响。结果显示,3种嫁接方法均能显著提高甜瓜的抗枯萎病能力．但3种嫁接方法之间无显著差异。接种枯萎病菌后,嫁接苗根系活力、叶绿素含量、根系中SOD、POD、PAL活性显著高于自根苗,而MDA含量、相对电导率显著低于自根苗。以上结果表明,嫁接是提高甜瓜对枯萎病抗性的有效措施,但不同嫁接方法对甜瓜枯萎病抗性无显著影响;嫁接苗通过抗氧化系统和PAL活性的提高抵御了枯萎病菌侵染后所致的膜脂过氧化伤害,维持了根系和叶片的正常生理功能,从而提高了嫁接苗对甜瓜枯萎病的抗性。     

清洁发展机制(CDM)对中国农村沼气工程经济性影响

按中国农村户用沼气池的不同适用对象分类对其运行成本分别进行了研究,并分析了其不同的温室气体减排效果以及在清洁发展机制(CDM)下出售这些减排权(CERs)可以带来的额外经济效益,对改善沼气工程直接经济效益的措施进行了讨论。结果表明:沼气工程直接经济效益不高,在清洁发展机制(CDM)下通过出售减排权(CERs),经济性可得到改善。沼气项目对于燃煤的农户将具有市场竞争力和投资吸引力。     

基质栽培中氮素浓度分段管理对网纹甜瓜干物质分配和品质的影响

研究了基质栽培中甜瓜不同生育阶段氮素浓度管理模型对基质栽培网纹甜瓜(品种为"春丽"和"蜜玲珑")干物质分配和品质的影响。结果表明,两个品种平均单果重都在氮浓度管理为"8-12-8"(mmol.L-1)下最重。氮浓度模型"4-8-12"(mmol.L-1)果实中Vc、可溶性蛋白质含量显著低于浓度模型"8-8-8"(mmol.L-1),与浓度模型"8-8-8"(mmol.L-1)相比,"8-12-8"(mmol.L-1)浓度管理降低了果实中可溶性蛋白质和硝酸盐含量,但提高了可溶性糖和糖酸比。     

CALCULATING THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF SOIL SURVEY

A farmer (or other users of land) achieves greatest net return by using each soil for the crop and management which gives maximum return. A soil map indicates the boundaries between soils requiring different management for optimum returns. The benefits from a soil survey increase with the ‘purity’ of the soil units as mapped. The cost of soil survey increases sharply with the ‘purity’ to be achieved. So it is necessary to recognize the stage beyond which the costs of yet more detailed soil survey are unlikely to exceed the benefits to be expected from mapping units of greater ‘purity’. This paper reports a simple algorithm for calculating the probable benefits from further soil survey to produce a map of higher ‘purity’ than so far achieved.     

竹炭陶土复合材料的制备和结构性能表征

以竹炭粉、陶土为主要原料,经混合、成型、干燥和煅烧等工艺制得竹炭陶土复合材料(以下称竹炭陶),采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、拉曼光谱测试仪(Raman)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和比表面积测试仪等仪器,对竹炭陶的微晶构造、孔隙结构、吸附和红外辐射性能等进行表征。结果表明:竹炭微粒镶嵌在陶土基体中,保留原有以中孔为主的孔隙结构和类石墨化晶体结构,获得的竹炭陶具有较大的比表面积和中孔为主的孔隙结构,能有效地吸附甲醛、苯等有害气体。加入一定量的竹炭能提高竹炭陶的远红外发射率,其红外发射率均高于陶土和竹炭,结合红外吸收光谱谱图分析,竹炭陶具有高红外发射率的本质在于具有倍频吸收、分子基团振动、转动及晶格振动。     

VA菌根菌对茶树矿质营养的效应及其机理研究

对辐照灭菌的酸性黄壤（ＰＨ值５．６）中的茶苗（Ｃａｍｅｌｌｉａ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）接种ＶＡ菌根真菌（Ｇｌｏｍｕｓ ｅｐｉｇａｅｕｍ ｇ），并追施＾３２Ｐ－过磷酸钙和＾８６Ｒｂ－氯化铷，（代替＾４０Ｋ－氯化钾），生长２１０天后测定表明，菌根侵染率，真菌＋＾３２Ｐ为５２．９％和真菌＋＾８６Ｒｂ为５１．９％，且与茶树根际土壤微生物再生数量呈正相关。茶树株高分别是对照的２倍和１．９倍，地上、地下部干重分别