垂序商陆及胜红蓟提取物对降香黄檀炭疽病菌的抑菌机理研究

通过测定垂序商陆与胜红蓟乙酸乙酯提取物处理后的降香黄檀炭疽病菌内丙二醛含量、蛋白质含量以及4种酶活性,来初步判断垂序商陆与胜红蓟提取物对炭疽病菌的作用机理。结果表明:两种提取物都能在一定程度上破坏炭疽病病原菌膜系统,垂序商陆处理组丙二醛含量在56h后显著提高,胜红蓟处理组则缓慢增加,略高于对照组;垂序商陆处理组菌体内蛋白质含量先增加,32h后急剧降低,胜红蓟处理组蛋白质含量从初期开始就少于对照组;两种提取物都能影响菌体的保护性酶活性,两处理组SOD活力都呈现先增高后降低的趋势,CAT活力高于对照组。两组SDH、LDH活力都小于对照组,而垂序商陆处理组SDH、LDH活力小于胜红蓟处理组。初步说明两种植物提取物可通过影响病原菌的代谢系统和生理过程来发挥其抑菌作用。     

高教发展的市场边界分析

高等教育（本文简称高教）质量不高决定于供给约束和需求约束。供给约束包括财政投入不足和居民购买力不强和购买欲不强,大学生过剩;需求约束主要是城乡二元结构。对策是增加财政投入,高教政校分开、加快二元结构向一元结构的转化,提高基础教育质量。提高质量,拓展高教发展的边界。     

桃蚜对噻虫嗪代谢抗性机制研究

对桃蚜进行室内噻虫嗪抗性品系筛选,选育至15代后抗性倍数达到75.6倍。对噻虫嗪敏感品系(THI-S)和抗性品系(THI-R)桃蚜的谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)、酸性磷酸酯酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酯酶(ALP)、羧酸酯酶(CarE)、多功能氧化酶(MFO)O-脱甲基活性进行了比较,结果显示:敏感品系(THI-S)和抗性品系(THI-R)的谷胱甘肽S-转移酶比活力分别为3.127 5和3.215 9,差异不显著,桃蚜抗性品系体内酸性磷酸酯酶、碱性磷酸酯酶、羧酸酯酶和多功能氧化酶O-脱甲基活性均显著高于敏感品系,分别达到了1.57、2.10、6.12、2.03倍。表明桃蚜对噻虫嗪抗性的产生与酸性磷酸酯酶、碱性磷酸酯酶、羧酸酯酶和多功能氧化酶O-脱甲基的活性相关。     

Allelopathy and the active metabolites of the endophytic fungus,Alternaria J46, from Platycladus orientalis

The endophytic fungus, Alternaria J46, was isolated from the stem of the medicinal plant, Platycladus orientalis. A suspension of Alternaria J46 mycelial segments and the culture filtrates of the fungi exhibited marked seed germination inhibition against the monocot wheat, large crabgrass, bromegrass, rice and barnyardgrass and weak inhibition against the dicot redroot pigweed and morning glory, but it was safe for use on soybean, rape, cucumber, tomato, lettuce and radish crops. It is possible to use J46 culture filtrates in order to prevent monocot weeds in dicot cropland. Three active metabolites were isolated from an extract of the fungus cultures and elucidated as 3‐acetyl‐5‐sec‐butyltetramic acid (1, tenuazonic acid), 3‐acetyl‐5‐iso‐butyltetramic acid (2, vivotoxin II) and cyclo‐(L‐leucyl‐L‐proline) (3). Among these three compounds, compounds 1 and 2 showed significant phytotoxic effects on the seed germination of large crabgrass, while compound 3 exhibited weak activity, and all were safe for lettuce at 100 μg mL^?1. Accordingly, compounds 1 and 2 were the main active metabolites that were responsible for endophytic fungus Alternaria J46's strong seed germination inhibition against monocotyledons.     

吡虫啉与三种拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂对马铃薯桃蚜的联合毒力

本文探讨了吡虫啉分别与氰戊菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯和联苯菊酯复配对马铃薯桃蚜的防治效果,为合理有效地应用复配剂对其进行化学防治提供依据。应用共毒因子法和共毒系数法分别确定了最佳药剂配伍和最佳复配比例。采用共毒因子法测定结果表明,吡虫啉与氰戊菊酯混配对马铃薯桃蚜防治有明显增效作用。进一步采用共毒系数法测定表明,吡虫啉与氰戊菊酯复配比例为2∶3时,增效作用最显著,共毒系数达276.82;吡虫啉与氰戊菊酯以6∶1复配时,表现出拮抗作用。     

外来有害生物适生性研究方法及需要注意的若干问题

在分析利用生态位技术结合气候统计学方法及利用试验数据建立预测模型评估开展有害生物适生性研究的大量文献的基础上,本文详细讨论了在有害生物适生性研究中涉及的有关有害生物生物学资料的评估与分析、有害生物分布点的选择及预测结果的准确性等问题。认为有害生物的生物学特性及地理学的资料在研究有害生物适生性方面具有十分重要的作用。从统计学角度探讨了提高适生性预测结果正确性的途径。     

Use of real-time PCR to examine the relationship between disease severity in pea and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aphanomyces euteiches</Emphasis> DNA content in roots

Aphanomyces euteiches causes severe root rot of peas. Resistance is limited in commercial pea cultivars. Real-time fluorescent PCR assay specific for A. euteiches was used to study the relationship between disease severity and pathogen DNA content in infected peas. Five pea genotypes ranging in levels of resistance were inoculated with five isolates of A. euteiches. Plants were visually rated for disease development and the amount of pathogen DNA in roots was determined using the PCR assay. The susceptible genotypes Genie, DSP and Bolero tended to have significantly more disease and more pathogen DNA than the resistant genotypes 90-2079 and PI 180693. PI 180693 consistently had less disease, while 90-2079 had the lowest amount of pathogen DNA. The Spearman correlation between pathogen DNA quantity and disease development was positive and significant (P < 0.05) for three isolates, but was not significant for two other isolates. This suggests that the real-time PCR assay may have limited application as a selection tool for resistance in pea to A. euteiches. Its utility as a selection tool would be dependent on the correlation between disease development and pathogen DNA content for a given pathogen isolate. The accuracy and specificity of the real-time PCR assay suggests considerable application for the assay in the study of mechanisms of disease resistance and the study of microbial population dynamics in plants.     

绿洲生态水权界定及其分配

从水资源产权的角度来理解绿洲生态用水,期望为绿洲生态和环境的保护与恢复提供新的研究思路。首先对生态用水概念进行了辨析,给出了绿洲生态用水的概念;其次对绿洲生态水权从质和量两个方面进行了界定;最后提出绿洲生态水权分配的层次结构,介绍了绿洲生态用水的计算方法,重点对绿洲生态水权进行分配。从而进一步明晰了绿洲生态水权,为绿洲生态与环境的保护和恢复提供了新的理念和思路。     

不同处理方式对华北落叶松抚育剩余物分解的影响

[目的]为提高华北落叶松抚育剩余物的利用率,探索不同处理方式对抚育剩余物分解速率的影响,加快抚育剩余物分解速率,恢复华北落叶松人工林地力,使其保持长期较高的生产力.[方法]以华北落叶松人工林抚育剩余物为研究对象,采用粉碎、尿素、EM菌和木醋液4种处理方法,进行4因素5水平的正交试验设计.通过对剩余物进行25种处理,研究...