增施CO_2对大棚不同辣椒品种农艺性状及产量的影响

对大棚栽培的4个辣椒品种开展增施CO_2试验,结果表明,增施CO_2对不同辣椒品种的茎粗、开展指数、叶片指数及果实性状影响不明显,但株高、叶柄长和产量增加明显,4个辣椒品种增产幅度为10.62%~16.12%。     

几个新疆主栽果树树种抗寒性初步研究

以新疆9个常见果树的1年生休眠枝条为试材,在低温胁迫下测定其电解质渗出率,用Logistic曲线拟合求出拐点温度即半致死温度作为各试材抗寒力评价的参考指标。结果表明:9个树种中西梅和砀山梨的抗寒性最强,黄连木最弱。抗寒性由强至弱为西梅砀山梨库尔勒香梨枣扎343新新2温185阿月浑子黄连木。     

低温环境下饲粮核黄素添加水平对蛋鸭激素分泌的影响

本试验旨在研究低温环境下饲粮核黄素添加水平对蛋鸭激素分泌的影响.试验采用两因素有重复完全交叉设计,温度设2个水平[适温(18±1)℃,T1;低温(2±1)℃,T2];核黄素设3个水平,在基础饲粮中分别添加4、16、32 mg/kg 核黄素.选用12周龄健康的金定鸭(母)144只,随机分成6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个...     

玉米赤霉烯酮对动物繁殖性能的毒性作用及其机制

玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）一种由镰刀菌属产生的次级代谢物，化学结构与内源性雌激素相似，因此，ZEA可通过与雌激素竞争性结合雌激素受体，导致动物机体生殖激素代谢紊乱，诱发生殖器官形变及功能障碍，严重危害动物繁殖系统，解决ZEA污染问题己经成为当务之急。本文对ZEA的理化特性、毒性作用等进行综述，以期为有效缓解ZEA毒性及提高动物繁殖性能、促进畜牧业健康发展提供理论依据。     

Physiological characteristics of high yield under cluster planting: photosynthesis and canopy microclimate of cotton

Cotton produces more biomass and economic yield when cluster planting pattern (three plants per hole) than in a traditional planting pattern (one plant per hole), even at similar plant densities, indicating that individual plant growth is promoted by cluster planting. The causal factors for this improved growth induced by cluster planting pattern, the light interception, canopy microclimate and photosynthetic rate of cotton were investigated in an arid region of China. The results indicated that the leaf area index and light interception were higher in cluster planting, and significantly different from those in traditional planting during the middle and late growth stages. Cotton canopy humidity at different growth stages was increased but canopy temperatures were reduced by cluster planting. In the later growth stage of cluster planting, the leaf chlorophyll content was higher and the leaf net photosynthetic rate and canopy photosynthetic rate were significantly increased in comparing with traditional planting pattern. We concluded that differences in canopy light interception and photosynthetic rate were the primary factors responsible for increased biomass production and economic yield in cluster planting compared with the traditional planting of cotton.     

化学发光免疫分析技术在动物疫病检测中的应用

化学发光免疫分析(chemiluminesecence immunoassay,CLIA)是用于疫病检测的一种免疫检测技术,是基于免疫反应原理,结合化学发光检测技术而建立的。与放射免疫分析、酶免疫分析等标记免疫技术相比,具有无放射性污染、灵敏度高和特异性强的特点,已被广泛应用于疫病流行病学调查、诊断、药物分析以及微生物检测等方面。本文简要介绍了CLIA技术的基本原理及发展,从细菌、病毒和寄生虫检测方面,综述了近年来该技术在动物疫病检测中的应用,提出该技术正向高特异性、高灵敏度、高通量、快速和自动化检测的方向发展,这为今后CLIA在动物疫病检测中的应用研究提供参考。     

In vitro susceptibility of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae to organic acids and essential oil components

The antibacterial potential of organic acids and essential oil components against Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, the causative pathogen of swine dysentery, was evaluated. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 15 compounds were determined at pH 7.2 and pH 6.0, using a broth microdilution assay. In addition, possible synergism was determined. MIC values for the three tested strains were similar. For organic acids, MIC values at pH 6.0 were lower than at pH 7.2. B. hyodysenteriae was most sensitive to cinnamaldehyde and lauric acid, with MIC values <1.5 mM. Most antibacterial effects of binary combinations were additive, however, for thymol and carvacrol, synergism could be observed. In vitro results demonstrate the antibacterial action of certain essential oil components and organic acids against B. hyodysenteriae.     

钙和维生素D对生长肉鸡免疫及抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中钙(ca)和维生素D水平对生长肉鸡免疫及抗氧化功能的影响.采用2× 2完全随机试验设计,选用体重相近的4周龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡144只,随机分成4个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复6只鸡,分别饲喂含Ca 0.90%、1.15%和维生素D 750、5 000 IU/kg的试验日粮,试验期为4周.结果表明,1)维生素D对胸腺和脾脏指数作用显著(P<0.05),随维生素D添加量的增加免疫功能增强;与0.90%Ca组相比,1.15%Ca组町降低法氏囊指数(P<0.05)和血清免疫球蛋白含量(P>0.05);维生素D和Ca的互作显著影响脾脏指数和血清白介素-2(IL-2)(P<0.05),5 000 IU/kg维生素D+0.90%Ca组脾脏指数和IL-2较高;2)随维生素D添加量的增加,血清和肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)升高,丙二醛(MDA)含量降低;随Ca添加量的增加,生长肉鸡的抗氧化性能降低,且对机体肝脏T-SOD、GSH-Px、T-AOC影响显著(P<0.05);维生索D和Ca的互作对血清和肝脏T-SOD、GSH-Px、MDA影响显著(P<0.05),5 000 IU/kg维生素D+0.90%Ca组在抗氧化方面优势明显.综合分析,5 000 IU/kg维生素D+0.90%Ca组在抗氧化和免疫方面具有一定的优势.因此,实际生产中在满足生长肉鸡Ca基本需要量的同时,适当增加维生素D添加量对提高生长肉鸡免疫和抗氧化功能具有重要的作用.     

Evaluation of the colonization capabilities of Salmonella Enteritidis in Quails using an RT-PCR approach

We used a real-time PCR assay and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assay to detect genomic DNA of Salmonella Enteritidis in the internal organs of quails after an oral challenge. The results showed that S. Enteritidis was detected in all the samples at different time points. This study will assist a future understanding of the pathogenesis of S. Enteritidis.     

Dietary fiber in a low-protein diet during gestation affects nitrogen excretion in primiparous gilts,with possible influences from the gut microbiota

We investigated the effects of dietary fiber (DF) supplementation in normal or low crude protein (CP) diets on reproductive performance and nitrogen (N) utilization in primiparous gilts. In total, 77 Landrace × Yorkshire pregnant gilts were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The groups comprised 1) equal intake of normal CP (12.82% and 0.61% total lysine), 2) low CP (LP) (10.53% and 0.61% total lysine), and 3) with or 4) without DF supplementation (cellulose, inulin, and pectin in a 34:10:1 ratio). A low-protein diet during gestation significantly reduced daily weight gain from days 91 to 110 of pregnancy (−162.5 g/d, P = 0.004). From N balance trials conducted at days 35 to 38, 65 to 68, and 95 to 98 of pregnancy, DF addition increased fecal N excretion at days 65 to 68 (+24.1%) and 95 to 98 (+13.8%) of pregnancy (P < 0.05) but reduced urinary N excretion (P < 0.05), resulting in greater N retention at each gestational stage. DF increased fecal microbial protein levels and excretion during gestation. An LP diet also reduced urinary N excretion at different gestational stages. An in vitro fermentation trial on culture media with nonprotein N urea and ammonium bicarbonate (NH₄HCO₃) as the only N sources revealed that microbiota derived from feces of gestating gilts fed the high DF diet exhibited a greater capacity to convert nonprotein N to microbial protein. Microbial fecal diversity, as measured by 16S rRNA sequencing, revealed significant changes from DF but not CP diets. Gilts fed an LP diet had a higher number of stillbirths (+0.83 per litter, P = 0.046) and a lower piglet birth weight (1.52 vs. 1.37 kg, P = 0.006), regardless of DF levels. Collectively, DF supplementation to gestation diets shifted N excretion from urine to feces in the form of microbial protein, suggesting that the microbiota had a putative role in controlling N utilization from DF. Additionally, a low-protein diet during gestation negatively affected the litter performance of gilts.