着眼未来,拓宽水土保持视野和工作领域

本文阐述了水土保持是生态建设和可持续发展的基础工程，提出了水土保持的职能就是要管理好土地生产力，不让其退化及丧失；举例说明了搞好水土保持工作要以人为本，关注国计民生，发展经济，秀美山川的良好愿望才会实现；指出重视人的素质培养和提高，应把重点放在对青少年的普及教育。     

福建病圃与大田稻瘟菌群体遗传谱系和毒性类型的比较

用rep-PCR方法分析了病圃和大田的稻瘟菌的遗传谱系组成,并在CO39NILs6个近等基因系品种上进行毒性类型分析。结果表明,不同群体之间的遗传谱系和毒性类型均不完全相同,福建稻瘟菌群体在年度间存在明显的优势谱系,1999、2000年的优势谱系均为CFL03,2001年为CFL07;两个季节中的谱系类型组成差异小,早季病圃和大田及晚季大田优势谱系均为CFL07。年度间病圃与大田的毒性类型组成和优势类型都有很大的变化,1999年病圃的优势毒性类型为I20.1,而2000年则为I24.1和I34.1两个类型;毒性类型I1.1、I5.1、I11.1、I26.1和I35.0只在1999年出现,而毒性类型I4.1和I14.1只在2000年出现。两个季节中病圃的毒性类型组成有所差异,早季有1个毒性类型(I35.1)在晚季未出现,晚季有4个毒性类型(I10.1、I31.1、I32.1、I21.1)在早季中未出现,优势毒性类型早季的I14.1变为晚季的I20.1,毒性类型组成也有很大差异,且晚季的比早季的丰富。     

Generation and characterisation of Tn5-tagged <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xanthomonas oryzae</Emphasis> pv. <Emphasis Type="Italic">oryzae</Emphasis> mutants that overcome <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xa23</Emphasis>-mediated resistance to bacterial blight of rice

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial blight of rice. Xa23, a bacterial blight resistance gene identified originally in wild rice, Oryza rufipogon, is dominant and resistant to all X. oryzae pv. oryzae field isolates tested. The corresponding avirulence gene avrXa23 is unknown. Here we report the generation of a random insertion mutant library of X. oryzae pv. oryzae strain PXO99 using a Tn5-derived transposon tagging system, and identification of mutant strains that are virulent on CBB23, a near-isogenic rice line containing Xa23. A total of 24,192 Tn5 inserted clones was screened on CBB23 by leaf-cutting inoculation and at least eight of them caused lesions on CBB23 comparable to those on JG30, the susceptible recurrent parent of CBB23. Polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis showed that all the eight mutants, designated as P99M1, P99M2, P99M3, P99M4, P99M5, P99M6, P99M7 and P99M8, have a single Tn5-insertion in their genomes. The flanking DNA sequences of the Tn5-insertion sites were isolated by PCR-walking and sequenced. Bioinformatic analysis of the flanking sequences, by aligning them with the whole genome sequences of X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains PXO99, KACC10331 and MAFF311018 through NCBI, revealed that the Tn5-insertions disrupted genes that encode TAL effector AvrBs3/PthA, ISXo1 transposase, Type II secretion system protein-like protein or outer membrane protein, glycogen synthase, cytochrome C5 and conserved hypothetical protein. Further identification of these mutants will facilitate the molecular cloning of avirulence gene avrXa23. The authors C.-L. Wang, A.-B. Xu contributed equally to this work; Y. Gao and Y.-L. Fan contributed equally to this work.     

Effect of EGFP gene transfection on the cell cycle distribution of primary cultured human chondrocytes

AIM: To investigate the effect of enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) gene transfection on the cell cycle distribution of primary cultured human chondrocytes in order to establish a tracking method of cultured human nasoseptal chondrocytes. METHODS: pEGFP-N1 plasmid was amplified in E.coli, and purified by high purity kit. Primary cultured human chondrocytes,which were initially obtained from the nasoseptal cartilage, were cultured in vitro and transferred with pEGFP-N1 by means of electroporation with Amaxa nucleofector device. Transfering process and transient expression were evaluated by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM), the transfer efficiency and the cell cycle distribution were evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS: There was significant expression of EGFP at 24 h after transferring. The transfection efficiency of pEGFP-N1 into primary cultured human chondrocytes reached 35.37％ at 48 h. It didn't affect the process of cell adherance and had no effect on the cell cycle distribution. CONCLUSION: Primary cultured human chondrocytes, which were transfected with pEGFP, are alive in vitro, and the transferring process doesn't affect the cell cycle distribution. These results suggest that pEGFP-N1 is an ideal transient expression vector for primary cultured human chondrocytes and it might be a well tracer in construction tissue engineered cartilage.     

鹅源新城疫病毒F基因的克隆及其序列分析

鹅新城疫是近年来我国新发现的能感染多种禽类的传染病，国内许多学者在该病的发生、发展规律以及分子病毒学等领域有了较多的研究，现已确定该病毒是禽副粘病毒Ⅰ型即新城疫病毒的一个变种。本实验选择最近分离的2株鹅源新城疫病毒，采用已经发表的鸡新城疫病毒序列设计引物，应用RT—PCR技术扩增鹅源新城疫病毒的F基因，并将其克隆至载体上，然后进行了核苷酸序列测定、进行了系统的分析，并根据遗传距离的远近确定了鹅源新城疫病毒在NDV系统发育进化树中的地位。     

苦瓜提取物抑菌效果初探

以滤纸片法测定了23个苦瓜品种(系)的提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌及大肠杆菌的抑菌效果,结果表明所有苦瓜提取物对这2种细菌均具有明显的抑菌效果,且抑制作用品种(系)间差异基本一致,其中抑菌效果以夏丰提取物最好,其次是夏5213及新夏丰,最差的是广西白.     

黄伞菌丝深层发酵培养基的优化

采用摇瓶培养法对黄伞菌丝深层发酵培养基组成进行了研究。结果表明 ,黄伞菌丝深层发酵适宜的碳源为葡萄糖 ,适宜的氮源为牛肉膏 ;正交试验得到较优培养基配方     

城市绿地土壤肥力评价的未确知属性测度分析法

基于未确知数学理论和属性数学理论,研究了土壤肥力综合评价方法,建立了城市绿地土壤肥力综合评价及分级的未确知属性测度分析法。该方法首先需要确定城市绿地土壤肥力状况的评价指标及分类标准,以及土壤肥力状况级别组数;然后构建单指标的未确知属性测度函数,以计算单指标的未确知属性测度函数值和样本的综合未确知属性测度值;最后应用置信度准则对城市绿地土壤样本进行识别,以确定土壤样本肥力状况的级别属性。基于两个城市绿地土壤样本的模糊综合评价结果,以及13个城市绿地土壤样本的全排列多边形图示指标法、物元可拓法以及改进的人工神经网络法的评价结果进行了验证,本研究方法的评价结果与模糊综合评价法、全排列多边形图示指标法、物元可拓法以及改进的人工神经网络法的一致性分别为100%、84.62%、92.31%和100%。实例评价表明,采用该方法对城市绿地土壤肥力状况进行评价是可行的,为城市绿地土壤肥力综合评价提供了新的途径和方法。     

棕榈油滤油机的选型分析

根据与小型棕榈油提取加工设备配套的要求,为除去棕榈油毛油中含有的水分和杂质,得到洁净的棕榈油清油,针对棕榈油的特性及压榨棕榈油的特点,分析现有主要几种不同类型滤油机的工作形式及其优缺点,选择适宜的棕榈油过滤机。     

Improved development of somatic cell cloned bovine embryos by a mammary gland epithelia cells in vitro model

Previous studies have established a bovine mammary gland epithelia cells in vitro model by the adenovirus-mediated telomerase (hTERT-bMGEs). The present study was conducted to confirm whether hTERT-bMGEs were effective target cells to improve the efficiency of transgenic expression and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). To accomplish this, a mammary-specific vector encoding human lysozyme and green fluorescent protein was used to verify the transgenic efficiency of hTERT-bMGEs, and untreated bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (bMGEs) were used as a control group. The results showed that the hTERT-bMGEs group had much higher transgenic efficiency and protein expression than the bMGEs group. Furthermore, the nontransgenic and transgenic hTERT-bMGEs were used as donor cells to evaluate the efficiency of SCNT. There were no significant differences in rates of cleavage or blastocysts or hatched blastocysts of cloned embryos from nontransgenic hTERT-bMGEs at passage 18 and 28 groups (82.8% vs. 81.9%, 28.6% vs. 24.8%, 58.6% vs. 55.3%, respectively) and the transgenic group (80.8%, 26.5% and 53.4%); however, they were significantly higher than the bMGEs group (71.2%, 12.8% and 14.8%), (p < 0.05). We confirmed that hTERT-bMGEs could serve as effective target cells for improving development of somatic cell cloned cattle embryos.