土方机械落物保护结构动态仿真及试验

简述了土方机械落物保护结构的特点及性能要求,建立了落物保护结构受瞬态冲击响应的有限元结构动力学方程并提出了求解算法。以某装载机落物保护结构为例,建立了落物保护结构的非线性有限元模型,讨论了有限元网格划分及载荷施加方法,分析了落物保护结构的主要设计参数对冲击点最大位移及落锤速度和加速度的影响,并给出了更合理的结构。在试验台上对该装载机落物保护结构进行了落物冲击试验,试验结果和仿真结果吻合较好。落物保护结构的动态仿真为结构的设计提供了依据。     

面向设计的产品模块划分方

提出了面向产品设计的模块划分方法.首先对产品子结构间的功能和结构相关性进行了分析,应用模糊树图聚类算法,探讨了模块的聚类形成过程,得到多种模块划分方案.然后,基于信息熵理论,以模块化产品设计中的横系列设计复杂度、纵系列设计复杂度和更新换代设计复杂度为优化目标,建立了面向设计的模块划分方案数学评价模型,对模糊树图法聚类得到的多个方案进行评价,从而得到最合理的模块划分方案.最后,以石材花线制品加工设备为例,验证了该方法的有效性和合理性.     

甲醇柴油与生物柴油常规污染物的对比研究

通过对比实验研究了增压柴油机燃烧甲醇柴油和生物柴油对发动机动力性、经济性和排放特性的影响.研究结果表明:对于实验发动机,在喷油泵不做任何调整的情况下,直接燃烧甲醇柴油和生物柴油对柴油机动力性的影响均不超过10%.燃油甲醇柴油能降低CO和NOX的排放,但会引起HC排放量的上升;燃用生物柴油能降低CO和HC的排放,但会引起NOX排放量的上升.在各种工况下,燃用生物柴油均能大幅度降低柴油机的排气可见污染物,而燃用甲醇柴油在高负荷时会增加可见污染物的排放.     

猪δ冠状病毒实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法的建立与应用

为灵敏、快速检测猪δ冠状病毒(porcine deltacoronavirus,PDCoV),根据PDCoVM基因保守区域设计引物和探针,建立了一种PDCoV实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法,并评价了该方法的特异性、灵敏性和重复性。结果显示,该方法的拷贝数对数值与Ct值在1.3×10³～1.3×10⁷ copies/μL拷贝数浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,R²=0.994;最低检出限为13 copies/μL,且无非特异性扩增;批内和批间重复性试验变异系数(CV)为0.24%～2.15%,均小于3%。利用该方法和普通RT-PCR对42份临床样品同时进行检测,发现本方法比普通RT-PCR灵敏性更高,二者符合率为95.2%。以上结果表明,本试验建立的实时荧光RT-PCR方法灵敏、特异、可靠,可用于PDCoV的临床检测和流行病学调查。     

建设河北现代果业初探

分析河北果品业的发展现状及制约因素,叙述河北现代果业的内涵及特征,提出建设河北现代果业的思路、目标及措施。     

Effect of Assessment Scale on Spatial and Temporal Variations in CH4, CO2, and N2O Fluxes in a Forested Wetland

Emissions of methane (CH₄), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) from a forested watershed (160 ha) in South Carolina, USA, were estimated with a spatially explicit watershed-scale modeling framework that utilizes the spatial variations in physical and biogeochemical characteristics across watersheds. The target watershed (WS80) consisting of wetland (23%) and upland (77%) was divided into 675 grid cells, and each of the cells had unique combination of vegetation, hydrology, soil properties, and topography. Driven by local climate, topography, soil, and vegetation conditions, MIKE SHE was used to generate daily flows as well as water table depth for each grid cell across the watershed. Forest-DNDC was then run for each cell to calculate its biogeochemistry including daily fluxes of the three greenhouse gases (GHGs). The simulated daily average CH₄, CO₂ and N₂O flux from the watershed were 17.9 mg C, 1.3 g C and 0.7 mg N m⁻², respectively, during the period from 2003–2007. The average contributions of the wetlands to the CH₄, CO₂ and N₂O emissions were about 95%, 20% and 18%, respectively. The spatial and temporal variation in the modeled CH₄, CO₂ and N₂O fluxes were large, and closely related to hydrological conditions. To understand the impact of spatial heterogeneity in physical and biogeochemical characteristics of the target watershed on GHG emissions, we used Forest-DNDC in a coarse mode (field scale), in which the entire watershed was set as a single simulated unit, where all hydrological, biogeochemical, and biophysical conditions were considered uniform. The results from the field-scale model differed from those modeled with the watershed-scale model which considered the spatial differences in physical and biogeochemical characteristics of the catchment. This contrast demonstrates that the spatially averaged topographic or biophysical conditions which are inherent with field-scale simulations could mask “hot spots” or small source areas with inherently high GHGs flux rates. The spatial resolution in conjunction with coupled hydrological and biogeochemical models could play a crucial role in reducing uncertainty of modeled GHG emissions from wetland-involved watersheds.     

工作静轨迹反求旋转式分插机构齿轮节曲线

为了得到更为理想的旋转式分插机构工作轨迹,做了以下研究:首先,分析旋转式分插机构的工作原理和结构特点;然后,根据秧针工作静轨迹计算相关参数,并设计非圆齿轮节曲线;同时,基于MATLAB开发了由工作静轨迹反求旋转式分插机构非圆齿轮节曲线的辅助分析与计算软件,仿真出由该非圆齿轮节曲线和相关参数得到的新的秧针工作静轨迹。通过2条秧针工作静轨迹对比,验证了该设计方法得到的非圆齿轮节曲线能够较好地满足分插机构工作静轨迹要求,从而为分插机构结构设计提供参考。     

基于动态性能的车架结构模型分析研究

客车车架的动态特性是影响整车振动舒适性的关键因素。为探讨纵横梁结构对某轻型客车车架动态特性的影响,建立车架的研究性模型,对研究性模型进行多种方案的计算分析,综合各方案的计算结果,确定影响车架动态特性最大的结构特征,以此为基础对原车架进行改进,提高了车架的模态频率。计算结果表明,该研究方法简便有效,可推广应用于对其它结构的研究。     

基于智能称重的水果分级生产线设计

设计了一种基于智能称重的可以用于多种类球型水果实时、动态检测的分级生产线。整条生产线由水果输送装置、称重装置、控制装置、分级执行装置和托盘机构组成,水果输送装置将水果逐个输送到水果分级生产线的托盘机构,托盘机构随滑块循环运动至称重台上完成称重,质量信息传送至控制装置,控制装置根据国家标准判定每个水果的等级,发出指令传送给分级执行装置,完成水果的分级。     

黑龙江省农业资源配置现状及调整方向

资源配置从来都处于调整之中，稳定不变的资源配置是没有的。黑龙江省资源相对丰度较高，农业资源环境较好，但资源配置仍存在着不容忽视的问题。形势发展要求应立足于黑龙江省特有的自然、经济以及社会条件，调整农业资源配置方向。