Comparative Studies on the Characteristic Fatty Acid Profiles of Four Different Chinese Medicinal Sargassum Seaweeds by GC-MS and Chemometrics

Sargassum seaweeds produce abundant biomass in China and have long been used as herbal medicine and food. Their characteristic fatty acid (FA) profiles and related potential function in promoting cardiovascular health (CVH) have not been systematically investigated. In this study, FA profiles of four medicinal Sargassum were characterized using GC-MS. Principal component analysis was used to discriminate the four medicinal Sargassum, and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis was carried out between the two official species HAI ZAO and between the two folk medicine species HAI QIAN. In all of the algae investigated, the major SFA and MUFA were palmitic and stearic acid, respectively, while the major PUFAs were linoleic, arachidonic, and eicosapentaenoic acid. S. fusiforme and S. horneri had higher concentrations of PUFAs. With respect to CVH, all of the studied species, particularly S. fusiforme, exhibited satisfactory levels such as PUFA/SFA ratio and n-6/n-3 ratio. Each species possesses a unique FA profile and is discriminated clearly. Potential key FA markers (between the two Chinese official species, and between the two folk species) are assessed. The study provides characteristic fatty acid profiles of four Chinese medicinal Sargassum and their related potential function in promoting CVH.     

Molecular characterization and quantification of the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor in turbot (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Scophthalmus maximus</Emphasis>)

Molecular cloning, characterization, and functional analysis of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) in female turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) were evaluated. Results showed that the full-length FSHR cDNA was 3824 bp long and contained a 2202 bp open reading frame that encoded a mature protein of 733 amino acids (aa) and a signal peptide of 18 aa. Multiple sequence analyses showed that turbot FSHR has high homology with the corresponding genes of other teleosts and significant homology with that of Hippoglossus hippoglossus. Turbot FSHR has the typical structural architecture of glycoprotein hormone receptors consisting of a large N-terminal extracellular domain, seven transmembrane domains and short C-terminal intracellular domain. FSHR mRNA was found to be abundant in the ovaries, but deficient in eyes, intestine, brain, muscle, gills, spleen, stomach, heart and kidney. Furthermore, FSHR mRNA was found to increase gradually from pre-vitellogenesis to migratory nucleus stages, with the highest values observed during the late vitellogenesis stage of the reproductive cycle. However, FSHR mRNA was found to decrease dramatically during the atresia stage. Meanwhile, functional analysis with HEK293T cells continual expressing FSHR demonstrated that FSHR was specifically stimulated by ovine FSH, but not ovine LH. These results indicate that turbot FSHR is mainly involved in the stimulation of vitellogenesis, regulation of oocyte maturation as well as promotion of ovarian development via specific ligand binding. These findings open doors to further investigation of physiological functions of FSHR, which will be valuable for fish reproduction and broodstock management.     

根区土壤加温对塑料大棚内红地球葡萄生长发育和品质的影响

为研究塑料大棚内葡萄Vitis vinifera促成栽培中萌芽期根区土壤加温对树体生长发育、果实品质以及土壤温度的影响,试验以5年生红地球葡萄Vitis vinifera‘Red Globe’为试材,在需冷量满足后进行根区土壤加温处理,设置（25±1）℃/（15±1）℃（昼/夜）（简称T25）和（20±1）℃/（15±1）℃（昼/夜）（简称T20）和对照（ck）等3个温度梯度,探讨它们对土壤温度、葡萄物候期、树体生长发育和果实品质的影响。结果表明:萌芽期T25和T20处理下土壤日平均温度分别比ck高13.1℃和8.4℃;萌芽期分别比对照提早26,20 d,始花期提早27,21 d,成熟期提早18,10 d;新梢长度和粗度、单株果穗数显著增加（P<0.05）;可溶性固形物、维生素C质量分数增加,酸质量分数降低,果实品质提高;果穗质量和单株产量均显著高于对照（P<0.05）。说明萌芽期适当提高土壤温度可以使葡萄提早解除生态抑制性休眠,提前进入萌芽,果实品质改善,提早上市。图3表5参13     

粳稻超亲变异系籽粒谷氨酰胺合成酶基因表达特性及序列变异分析

选用籽粒蛋白质含量有显著差异的亲本和杂种后代超亲变异系,比较分析灌浆过程中籽粒蛋白质积累特性、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性变化、GS基因mRNA表达量变化和基因碱基序列。结果表明,杂交后代通过籽粒蛋白质含量的连续定向选可获得超亲变异系,籽粒蛋白质积累量与基因型紧密相关;灌浆过程中籽粒GS活性呈单峰曲线变化,籽粒蛋白质含量与籽粒GS活性密切相关,而且籽粒GS活性也能产生超亲变异;在灌浆过程中籽粒蛋白质含量不同的亲本及超亲变异系籽粒GS1.3和GS2基因的mRNA表达量变化趋势基本一致,即随灌浆进程mRNA表达量逐渐增加,到抽穗后15~20d表达量最高,随后逐渐下降,呈单峰曲线变化;GS1.3和GS2基因mRNA表达量与籽粒蛋白质含量关系密切,GS基因mRNA表达量高的基因型籽粒蛋白质含量也高,而且超亲表达;尽管不同品种GS1.3和GS2基因碱基序列保守性很高,但不同品种水稻GS1.3和GS2基因的碱基序列和蛋白质氨基酸序列并不完全一致,存在着个别碱基不同的基因多态性,品种间有性杂交后代在基因分离和稳定过程中通过碱基的替换仍然能发生碱基的随机性变化及三联体密码和氨基酸的变化。     

追氮时期和施钾量对小麦氮素吸收运转的调控

【目的】氮肥追施时期和钾肥用量是影响小麦高产高效的重要因素,研究这两个营养元素的相交效应,为小麦的合理施肥提供理论依据。【方法】以强筋小麦‘济麦20’为供试品种,设置盆栽试验。同位素示踪技术进行研究。氮肥用15N标记,追施氮肥时期设返青期和拔节期两个施肥时期。施钾量设K2O 0(K0)、50(K1)、100 kg/hm2(K2)三个水平。于开花期采集全株样本,成熟期将植株分为籽粒和植株两部分,分析氮素含量,计算氮素吸收、分配以及氮素利用率。【结果】虽然追氮时期和施钾量互作对‘济麦20’籽粒蛋白质含量的影响未达到显著水平,但钾肥对小麦氮素吸收、运转及分配的影响因追氮时期不同而有所差异。不施钾(K0)返青期追氮处理,小麦植株氮素积累量、氮素转移量及贡献率均达到最高; 在施用K2O 50 kg/hm2处理(K1)下,拔节期追施氮肥能有效提高小麦开花期植株氮素积累量、成熟期植株和籽粒来自土壤的氮积累量、氮素转移量及贡献率,并最终显著提高产量。由此,提高了小麦氮素积累量、转移量、籽粒产量、氮肥生产效率及收获指数,在施用钾肥100 kg/hm2(K2)条件下,两个追氮时期处理均不利于‘济麦20’氮素利用效率及籽粒产量的提高。【结论】本试验条件下,在K2O 50 kg/hm2施用量、拔节期追施氮肥条件下更有利于强筋小麦‘济麦20’对氮素的吸收、利用和高产的形成。     

玉米品种多环境测试主成分评价模型的构建及应用

为了探讨玉米多环境试验中环境对品种的影响以及品种在不同试点的适应性,对8个品种在5个不同试点的9个性状（生育期、株高、穗位高、穗长、穗行数、秃尖长、百粒重、单穗粒重和产量）进行主成分评价模型的构建及应用研究,根据模型提取了5个主成分因子,计算相应主成分因子得分矩阵。结果表明,威丰2号在5个试点综合表现较好;除毕试1201在盘县试点表现相对较好、毕单17号在威宁试点较好外,威丰2号、W4503、胜玉2号、罗单601、金发玉201205和荷玉1201均在大方试点表现最好。8个品种在5个试点的不同效应均可由相应主成分因子及综合因子得分直观地展现出来,与传统分析方法相比,结果具有较好的一致性。该模型明确了不同试点对品种的综合效应以及相应品种在不同试点的适应性,为玉米多环境试验的综合评价提供一种新的途径。     

桑天牛越冬幼虫的空间分布与抽样技术

为明确桑天牛（Apriona germari Hope）越冬幼虫的空间分布,采用6种聚集度指标（m*/m,C,k,Iδ,I,CA）和2种回归模型（Taylor的幂法则和m*-m）测定其空间分布,并利用Blackith种群聚集均数λ解析该幼虫种群的聚集成因。结果表明,其呈均匀分布,建立了桑天牛越冬幼虫抽样数公式（N=t2（1.0097m-0.1971）/D2）和序贯抽样模型（T（n）=0.2n± 0.4405）,该模型可为桑天牛的预测预报及防治提供理论依据。     

山楂黄酮提取物降血脂研究

[目的]研究山楂黄酮提取物的降血脂作用,为其相关产品开发应用提供依据。[方法]采用渗漉法提取山楂黄酮,对SD大鼠进行试验,待大鼠形成高脂模型后,采用低、中、高剂量灌胃山楂黄酮提取物,30 d后测定大鼠血脂中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白的变化。[结果]山楂黄酮提取物使各剂量组大鼠血脂中的总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白含量明显降低,对甘油三脂、高密度脂蛋白有调节作用。[结论]山楂黄酮提取物具有显著的降血脂功效。     

惰性粉气溶胶横向环流与直排施粉防虫效果比较研究

通过施粉后粮库内采样,实验室培养,检查试虫死亡率的方法,对比了平房仓内横向通风系统下,利用环流与直排两种惰性粉气溶胶施粉方式的防虫效果。结果表明:两种方式都能使惰性粉气溶胶贯穿粮堆,形成最低致死浓度,对长角扁谷盗、玉米象、谷蠹和赤拟谷盗均能起到一定的防治效果,环流施粉好于直排施粉,在惰性粉分布的均匀性上,两者均没有表现出明显的优势。     

晚播油菜绿肥适宜播种量研究

以华油杂62为试验材料,通过田间试验研究了10个播种量（11.25~45.00kg/hm ²）对油菜绿肥生物量和养分积累量的影响,为确定晚播油菜绿肥适宜播种量提供依据。结果表明,不同播种量明显影响油菜生物量及养分累积。当播种量在11.25~33.75kg/hm ²,油菜鲜、干重均随播种量增加而提高,播种量为33.75kg/hm ²时,油菜鲜重为24t/hm ²,干物质量为3.7t/hm ²;当播种量>33.75kg/hm ²时,各处理间油菜生物量没有显著差异。油菜绿肥C、N、P、K养分累积量随播种量的变化趋势与生物量一致,当播种量为33.75kg/hm ²时,C、N、P、K养分累积量分别为1562.0、56.7、12.2、103.2kg/hm ²;方程模拟结果表明,C、N、P、K累积量达到最高值时所对应的播种量分别为40.6、40.5、36.7和36.1kg/hm ²。综合结果显示,本试验条件下油菜绿肥晚播时的适宜播种量为35~40kg/hm ²。