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941.
Kyoko Suzuki Tomoyasu Yoshitomi Yoichi Kawaguchi Masaki Ichimura Kaneaki Edo Tsuguo Otake 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(3):313-320
Sakhalin taimen Hucho perryi populations have decreased drastically to near extinction. It is urgent to establish an effective conservation strategy based
on an understanding of the characteristics of migration and habitat use of this species. We examined the migration history
of anadromous Sakhalin taimen captured off the Sarufutsu coast, northern Hokkaido, Japan, using otolith Sr:Ca ratios and also
examined the relationship between their otolith Sr:Ca ratios during freshwater and seawater residence in a rearing experiment.
Otolith Sr:Ca ratios of some fish from the Sarufutsu coast showed freshwater levels (0.5–4.0 × 10−3) near the core, which thereafter increased to brackish water levels (4.0–6.0 × 10−3), and then to seawater levels (6.0–10.0 × 10−3) in the outermost regions. Those findings indicate that specimens from the Sarufutsu coast migrated to the brackish water
region or the sea and spent most of their lives there. The anadromous migration pattern including the timing of downstream
migration seems to be flexible among individuals in the species. They migrate between freshwater and seawater or brackish
water several times during their lives, showing extensive habitat use. It is essential to secure the continuity among the
freshwater, brackish water, and seawater areas for their effective conservation. 相似文献
942.
Monosex male culture of C. quadricarinatus is proposed for increasing yields because males reach a larger size at harvest than females. An experiment was done to evaluate
the effects of androgenic gland extract and temperature on sex reversal and somatic growth in early juvenile females. Females
were exposed to the following experimental conditions: C: control food and temperature maintained at 26 ± 1°C; HT (high temperature):
control food and temperature maintained at 28.5 ± 1°C; VHT (very high temperature): control food and temperature maintained
at 31 ± 1°C; AG: food with enriched with androgenic gland (1/10 dose for each juvenile per day) and temperature maintained
at (26 ± 1)°C. The juveniles were weighed, sexed, and growth increment (GI) and growth rate (GR) were calculated twice a month.
The HT and AG groups differed from the C group in GI and GR indicating a greater somatic growth. At the end of the experiment,
the HT and AG groups had similar weight but only the HT group had enhanced oocyte diameter, with some vitellogenic oocytes
compared to the C group. In the HT group, there was significant sex reversal, as indicated by development of male and intersex
male characteristics in different individuals. Both temperature and AG diet have a high potential for culture of this species
because of their enhancement of somatic growth; higher temperature increases the proportion of males, a desirable characteristic
of cultured populations. 相似文献
943.
为了解全氟辛烷磺酸钾(PFOS)对海洋鱼类抗氧化防御系统的毒性效应及致毒机理,在实验室条件下研究了PFOS胁迫和净水恢复过程中真鲷(Pagrosomus major)鳃组织和肝脏组织内谷胱甘肽(GSH)质量分数与谷胱甘肽转硫酶(GST)活性的变化。结果显示,胁迫开始时鳃中w(GSH)在低浓度组出现诱导,中、高浓度组出现抑制现象,随着胁迫时间的延长,各浓度组处于显著诱导水平(P〈0.01);肝脏中w(GSH)在胁迫第15天时各浓度组中出现显著的剂量效应,w(GSH)随着PFOS曝露浓度的升高而降低。真鲷2种组织的GST活性变化与各自组织中w(GSH)的变化趋势相近。净水恢复期内个别浓度组的指标恢复到对照组水平,说明真鲷可以修复PFOS胁迫造成的损伤。结果表明,PFOS在试验条件下对真鲷有显著的毒性作用,可能对海洋高等生物存在潜在性危害,应对其海洋环境风险评价加以关注。 相似文献
944.
945.
The ontogenetic development of the digestive enzymes amylase, lipase, trypsin, and alkaline phosphatase and the effect of
starvation in miiuy croaker Miichthys miiuy larvae were studied. The activities of these enzymes were detected prior to exogenous feeding, but their developmental patterns
differed remarkably. Trypsin activity continuously increased from 2 days after hatching (dah), peaked on 20 dah, and decreased
to 25 dah at weaning. Alkaline phosphatase activity oscillated at low levels within a small range after the first feeding
on 3 dah. In contrast, amylase and lipase activities followed the general developmental pattern that has been characterized
in fish larvae, with a succession of increases or decreases. Amylase, lipase, and trypsin activities generally started to
increase or decrease at transitions from endogenous to exogenous feeding or diet changes, suggesting that these enzymatic
activities can be modulated by feeding modes. The activities of all the enzymes remained stable from 25 dah onwards, coinciding
with the formation of gastric glands and pyloric caecum. These results imply that specific activities of these enzymes underwent
changes due to morphological and physiological modifications or diet shift during larval development but that they became
stable after the development of the digestive organs and associated glands was fully completed and the organs/glands functioned.
Trypsin and alkaline phosphatase were more sensitive to starvation than amylase and lipase because delayed feeding up to 2 days
after mouth opening was able to adversely affect their activities. Enzyme activities did not significantly differ among feeding
groups during endogenous feeding; however, all activities were remarkably reduced when delayed feeding was within 3 days
after mouth opening. Initiation of larvae feeding should occur within 2 days after mouth opening so that good growth and survival
can be obtained in the culture. 相似文献
946.
947.
Freshwater nucleated pearl quality is influenced by host mussel growth traits in Hyriopsis cumingii
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Hyriopsis cumingii is one of the most important freshwater pearl mussels in China. Recently, this species can produce freshwater nucleated pearls of high quality. Here, we investigated whether nucleated pearl quality is influenced by the growth traits of the host mussel or other factors like cultivation period. We implanted host mussels with a spherical nucleus consisting of a small piece of mantle tissue from donor mussels. After 24 and 36 months of culture, host mussel growth traits including body weight and shell length, height, width and weight were recorded. These factors were then correlated with the quality traits of the pearls they produced, such as nacre thickness, size, weight, lustre and colour. Results indicated pearls obtained at 36 months after seeding were significantly larger in terms of nacre thickness, size and weight compared to those harvested at 24 months. In particular, nacre thickness (r = 0.33–0.48, P = 0.00), pearl size (r = 0.39–0.43, P = 0.00) and pearl weight (r = 0.35–0.47, P = 0.00) were showed to be significantly correlated with host mussels shell length, body weight and shell weight at 24 or 36 months. Larger and heavier host mussels tended to produce bigger pearls. In contrast, host mussels did not affect pearl colour. Cumulatively, our results suggest that longer culturing times and a larger host mussel may help produce better quality nucleated pearl. This information can help guide selective breeding programs designed to improve pearl quality produced by H. cumingii. 相似文献
948.
The effect of supplemented commercial diets with crystalline l-tryptophan (TRP—5, 10 and 20 g TRP kg?1) on cannibalism, survival and growth parameters of pikeperch post-larvae (Sander lucioperca) was evaluated. Fifteen-day-old pikeperch larvae (mean weight—6.8 mg) were reared during the next 28 days (20.5 °C, 16L:8D) in glass aquaria in a recirculating aquaculture system. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that TRP-supplemented diets were effective in increasing the levels of serotonin (5-HT) in the body tissue of pikeperch. TRP supplementation resulted in a slight decrease in both types of cannibalism, although the reduction in cannibalism impact did not amount to more than a few percent. TRP treatment had no significant influence on the final survival of pikeperch post-larvae (ranged from 20.1 ± 12.4 to 29.0 ± 12.9 %). However, contrary to the earlier studies conducted on other fish species, no significant difference in the growth rates and feeding behavior of pikeperch between TRP-fed and control group were found. The final body weight and growth rate ranged from 0.211 ± 0.014 to 0.243 ± 0.016 and from 12.19 ± 0.38 to 12.76 ± 0.35 % day?1, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the effects of TRP supplementation on the cannibalism–survival–growth relations in fish in the post-larval stage. 相似文献
949.
Fumitaka Kondo Takashi Ohta Toshiharu Iwai Atsushi Ido Chiemi Miura Takeshi Miura 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2017,43(6):1543-1555
The improvement in feed efficiency is one of the most important subjects in fish culture. The development of feed, in terms of good intake, high growth performance, and high feed efficiency is needed. Squid viscera are one of the candidates for alternative material in improving feed efficiency in fish culture. In the present study, we described the dietary effect of the squid viscera hydrolysate (SVH) on the growth performance of the red sea bream. The addition of SVH to feed caused significant increases in feed intake, fork length, and body weight and produced a marked improvement in feed conversion after 4 weeks of feeding. Furthermore, the results of this feeding revealed that low dietary levels of SVH promote growth performance in the red sea bream. We physiologically analyzed digestion and appetite in fish fed diet containing SVH. SVH promoted the activity of hepatic trypsin and lipase, gene expression of stomach pepsin, hepatic lipase, and pyloric caeca trypsin, thereby improving the nutrient availability in red sea bream. Moreover, the mRNA expression of appetite regulating factor, such as brain NPY and stomach ghrelin was significantly improved by dietary SVH. Our current results indicate that dietary SVH as alternative material produced excellent effects on growth performance, which is dependent on the promoting effect on digestion and appetite in red sea bream. 相似文献
950.
Thermal inactivation of Ca2+ ATPase of squid myofibrils was significantly suppressed in the presence of Ca2+. Monomeric myosin content decreased much faster than Ca2+ ATPase inactivation in Ca medium, which was well explained by fast rod denaturation. In contrast, rod denaturation was slower
than S-1 in EDTA medium. The decrease in monomeric myosin content was explained by faster S-1 denaturation. Comparing the
S-1 and rod denaturation rates at a fixed temperature, it was concluded that S-1 denaturation was suppressed by Ca2+ whereas the rod denaturation was not. An unfolding experiment with isolated myosin rod confirmed that there was no stabilizing
effect of Ca2+ on myosin rod. It was concluded that significant stabilization of the S-1 portion by Ca2+ generated the apparently different myosin denaturation patterns in the two media. 相似文献