Green tea polyphenols supplementation alters immunometabolism and oxidative stress in dairy cows with hyperketonemia

Peripartal cows often experience negative energy balance, and are therefore prone to suffering from metabolic diseases such as hyperketonemia, which causes financial losses in dairy farms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of green tea polyphenol (GTP) supplementation during the periparturient period on production performance, oxidative stress and immunometabolism in dairy cows with hyperketonemia. One hundred Holstein cows were assigned to GTP (0.2 g/kg DM; n = 50) or control (without GTP; n = 50) group based on body weight, previous milk yield, and parity on d 15 before expected parturition. Subsequently, 10 cows with hyperketonemia were selected from each group, according to blood β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentration between 1.2 and 2.9 mmol/L from 2 to 3 d postpartum. All cows were fed a close-up diet and a lactation diet with or without GTP supply from 15 d prepartum until 30 d postpartum. Milk and blood samples were obtained from 20 cows selected with hyperketonemia on 10, 20, and 30 d postpartum. Compared with control cows, greater milk yield and lower somatic cell count were observed in GTP cows. The GTP group had lower concentrations of BHBA, free fatty acids, cholesterol, triglyceride, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide, greater concentrations of glucose, lower activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and glutamyl transpeptidase, alongside greater activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity. Additionally, GTP supplementation up-regulated concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10, but down-regulated concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, interleukin-8, and interferon-γ in plasma. Greater concentrations of plasma immunoglobulin G were also detected in the GTP group. Overall, the data suggested that GTP supplementation from 15 d prepartum to 30 d postpartum improved the milk yield and health status in cows with hyperketonemia during early lactation.     

Milk compositional changes of Laoshan goat milk from partum up to 261 days postpartum

Despite the global increasing demand for goat milk, no data exist on the nutrient potential of Laoshan goat milk and limited information exists on its composition according to lactation period. In this study, the measured indicators, including dry matter, protein, immunoglobulin, lactoferrin, fat, ash, lactose, calcium, titratable acidity and pH from partum to 261 days postpartum of Laoshan goat milk, followed the same law of change. There was a significant difference over the first 5 days postpartum, after which no significant difference was observed until days 225 postpartum. However, days 255 postpartum was like a turning point, after which their values showed either an increasing or decreasing trend. We concluded that the colostrum for Laoshan dairy goat was considered from days 1 to 5 postpartum and after 5 days it was as transitioned to milk when all measured parameters were according to the normal ranges as described in this study. This work provided updated information on the current nutritive characteristics of Laoshan goat milk, which may be of importance in the fields of milk production, food technology, and nutritional mutual replenishment.     

Comparative analysis of proteomic profiles between endometrial caruncular and intercaruncular areas in ewes during the peri-implantation period

The endometrium of sheep consists of plenty of raised intercaruncular areas （IC）. In order to better understand aglandular areas called caruncular （C）, and intensely glandular the endometrium involved mechanisms of implantation, we used LC-MS/MS technique to profile the proteome of ovine endometrial C areas and IC areas separately during the peri-implantation period, and then compared the proteomic profiles between these two areas. We successfully detected 1740 and 1813 proteins in C areas and IC areas respectively. By comparing the proteome of these two areas, we found 170 differentially expressed proteins （DEPs） （P 〈 0.05）, functional bioinformatics analysis showed these DEPs were mainly involved in growth and remodeling of endometrial tissue, cell adhesion and protein transport, and so on Our study, for the first time, provided a proteomic reference for elucidating the differences between C and IC areas, as an integrated function unit respectively, during the peri-implantation period. The results could help us to better understand the implantation in the ewes. In addition, we established a relatively detailed protein database of ovine endometrium, which provide a unique reference for further studies.     

Seroprevalence and molecular detection of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae in goats in tropical China

In the present study, the seroprevalence and genetic identification of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae infection in goats were investigated in Hainan Province, tropical China between October 2012 and October 2013. A total of 1,210 serum samples collected from 16 herds in various administrative regions in tropical China were evaluated using indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA). Antibodies to M. ovipneumoniae were tested in (31.7 %, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 29–34.3) 383 of 1,210 serum samples (IHA titer ≥1:16). The M. ovipneumoniae seroprevalence ranged from 26.8 % (95 % CI 20.8–32.9) to 39 % (95 % CI 30.8–47.2) among different regions in tropical China, and the difference was statistically significant (P?<?0.01). The seroprevalence of M. ovipneumoniae infection in goats was higher in winter (46.1 %, 95 % CI 39.6–52.5) and spring (33.8 %, 95 % CI 28.3–39.3) than in autumn (27.5 %, 95 % CI 22.6–32.3) and summer (24.7 %, 95 % CI 20.3–29.1), and the difference was statistically significant (P?<?0.01). In addition, DNA was extracted from nasal swab; lung samples and the 16S rRNA gene sequences were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then sequenced. Twenty-four of 329 (7.3 %) nasal swab samples and 73 of 280 (26.1 %) pneumonic lung tissues were found to contain M. ovipneumoniae, respectively. The results of the present survey indicate that M. ovipneumoniae infection is highly prevalent in goats in tropical China. This is the first report of the comprehensive survey of M. ovipneumoniae prevalence in goats in China.     

彝良县村级动物防疫工作中存在的问题及对策

兽医体制改革虽然已经完成,县、乡动物防疫体系巳得到相应的加强,但是村级动物防疫组织机构因基层财力不足未能建立有效的运行机制。因此村级动物防疫工作体系建设和管理仍然是彝良县兽医行政主管部门和动物防疫监督工作中急需探索和解决的重要课题。     

水解蛋白婴儿配方奶粉的研究

本文介绍了婴儿对牛乳蛋白过敏的原因,并根据水解蛋白防过敏的特性生产加工了低过敏婴儿配方奶粉,通过研究分析发现其感官品质和营养成分与常规配方婴儿奶粉无明显差异。     

大豆抗原蛋白对幼龄动物致敏作用的研究进展

大豆抗原蛋白对幼龄动物的致敏作用及不易灭活性使其成为大豆及其制品在动物养殖中有效利用的主要瓶颈。本文从主要抗原蛋白的特性、致敏机制、对幼龄动物的影响、降低抗原蛋白的方法及有待进一步探索问题等方面进行了阐述,旨在为高效利用大豆及其制品,以及进一步深入研究提供参考。     

A cluster of two psittacosis cases among women farmers exposed to Chlamydia psittaci-infected domestic poultry in Zhejiang Province,China

A cluster of Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) cases was reported in Zhejiang Province, China, 2019. This study evaluates the extent of the outbreak and determines the source of infection. Real-time PCR and sequencing of the ompA gene of C. psittaci were performed to identify the cases, the domesticated poultry and close contacts. The index patient was a 76-year-old woman with chronic vertigo, and Case 2 was a 64-year-old female farmer with herpes zoster. Both women bought psittaci-infected chickens or ducks from the same mobile street vendor and raised them for 10 days and 23 days before fever onset. There were no direct contact between the two women. C. psittaci test was positive for the two patients, one sick chicken, three healthy ducks and the vendor's chicken cage. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all seven C. psittaci positive samples carried identical ompA genotype A of C. psittaci. Of all of the patients' 148 close contacts, none tested positive for C. psittaci, or developed acute respiratory symptoms. Both patients were discharged after a 4-week hospital stay. In conclusion, the source of this cluster was the poultry infected with C. psittaci, which occasionally cause infections in farmers, but inter-human transmission seems unlikely.     

山西省肉牛养殖布局变动与成因分析

[目的]研究山西省肉牛养殖区域布局的演变规律,有利于科学制定肉牛养殖政策、有利于提高肉牛综合生产能力,为提升肉牛产业竞争力奠定基础。[方法]文章基于2005—2020年山西省肉牛养殖年度数据,运用区域重心分析法测算肉牛养殖区域布局重心变动的轨迹;运用面板数据模型对肉牛养殖区域布局变动因素进行了实证分析。[结果]结果表明,玉米产量、能繁母牛数量、人均收入、规模化品牌化农产品数量、支持养殖的财政政策、抑制散养的禁牧政策对山西省肉牛养殖布局有影响。[结论]提出了肉牛养殖数量应和当地的饲草资源紧密结合、发展种养一体化、降低养殖成本增加市场竞争力、积极应对环保要求、合理利用财政支持政策等建议。