‘丰香’草莓叶片高效再生体系的建立

 以草莓主栽品种丰香( Fragaria ×ananassa Duch ‘Toyonoka’) 叶片为外植体, 研究了影响组织培养的多个因素, 建立了高效再生体系。结果表明: MS + TDZ 1.5 mg·L ^{- 1} + IBA 0.4 mg·L ^{- 1}培养基最适于不定芽分化。不同滤光膜(绿膜、红膜、蓝膜、黄膜) 对草莓不定芽的分化具显著效应, 绿膜和红膜对芽的分化有明显促进作用, 不定芽再生率达95%以上, 平均每个外植体再生芽数在25个以上; 而蓝膜和黄膜则不利于芽的分化。不同滤光膜光谱差异主要集中在300～700 nm, 红、绿膜在该波段光强较弱,而黄、蓝膜和荧光灯较强。暗处理4周比1、2、3周更有利于提高叶片的不定芽再生率, 此后转到光下培养, 获得的不定芽再生率可达100%。     

南海灯光罩网渔业中点斑原海豚的声波驱赶

灯光罩网是南海外海的一种主要捕捞方式,夜晚作业时点斑原海豚(Stenella attenuata)常常聚集在渔船周围进行捕食活动,导致被网具兼捕死亡.本研究研发宽带声波驱豚系统,分别于2019年5月19日和28日在南海进行海上试验,确定了驱赶点斑原海豚的有效频段,定量评估了驱豚效果.研究结果表明:1～10 kHz的线性...     

黄瓜和南瓜原生质体融合研究

黄瓜子叶原生质体经１０μｇ／ｍｌ诺丹明６Ｇ（Ｒ６Ｇ）处理１５ｍｉｎ,南瓜和黑籽南瓜子叶原生质体分别经１．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ和１．３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ碘乙酸（ＩＯＡ）处理１０ｍｉｎ,均发生生理性失活。采用聚乙二醇和高钙高ｐＨ法融合后,双亲融合体恢复分裂能力。同工酶鉴定表明,黄瓜和南瓜,黄瓜和黑籽南瓜均获得了体细胞杂种愈伤组织。     

植物对硒的吸收转运和形态转化机制

阐述了植物对不同形态硒的吸收、转运和形态转化机制。植物主要吸收水溶性硒,包括部分有机硒、硒酸盐和亚硒酸盐。多数研究表明植物对硒酸盐的主动吸收是通过高亲和力的硫酸盐转运子完成,最近的研究表明磷酸盐可以调节亚硒酸盐的吸收,磷酸盐转运子在亚硒酸盐的主动吸收过程中有重要作用;植物吸收的硒酸盐很快从根部转移到地上部,在叶片中被还原成亚硒酸盐,进而转化为有机硒化物进入其他组织;而亚硒酸盐及其代谢产物主要积累在根部,极少转移到地上部。进入植物体中的硒转化为含硒氨基酸和硒蛋白参与植物的代谢。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒LAMP检测方法的建立及初步应用

猪流行性腹泻病毒是引起仔猪腹泻死亡的主要病原。为实现对猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)的快速检测,利用PEDV S基因设计特异性引物,通过优化各种反应条件,建立了检测PEDV的环介导等温扩增快速检测方法(LAMP)。此方法特异性好,敏感度强,将反转录后的病毒c DNA稀释到108倍仍可检出,是PCR方法的100倍。本研究建立的LAMP方法操作简便、灵敏度高、特异性强,为临床PEDV的快速检测和预防奠定基础。     

基于单抗的免疫分析方法及其在兽药残留检测中的应用

兽药残留检测是监督控制药物滥用的手段之一。免疫学技术基于抗原对抗体的特异性识别,具有灵敏度高、稳定性好、操作简单、快捷等优点被广泛应用于兽药残留检测。该方法的关键是要获得高质量的特异性抗体,因而单抗技术的应用与发展,对免疫分析方法的普及起了巨大推动作用。为此,本文针对单抗的制备以及基于单抗的免疫分析方法在兽药残留检测领域的应用进行简要综述。目前酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）与胶体金免疫层析法（GICA）是应用最广泛的基于单抗的兽药残留检测方法,主要用于检测抗生素、化学合成抗菌药、激素类和β-受体激动剂类药物、镇静剂类药物,其操作简单,灵敏度高,但均需要对样品进行一定的前处理,实际操作中较易出现假阳性,反应时间长等问题。为提高检验的敏感度、稳定性、特异性、便捷性,正在研究新型的免疫分析技术,如结合采用表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）技术和金标检测试纸（LFA）实现超灵敏检测,采用微流控免疫分析芯片技术联合ELISA实现高通量检测等。诸多研究将为基于单抗的免疫分析方法在兽药残留检测中的应用提供新思路。     

Invasive Chinese pond mussel Sinanodonta woodiana threatens native mussel reproduction by inducing cross‐resistance of host fish

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Physiological response,blood chemistry profile and mucus secretion of red sea bream (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pagrus major</Emphasis>) fed diets supplemented with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lactobacillus rhamnosus</Emphasis> under low salinity stress

Environmental stressors caused by inadequate aquaculture management strategies suppress the immune response of fish and make them more susceptible to diseases. Therefore, efforts have been made to relieve stress in fish by using various functional feed additives in the diet, including probiotics. The present work evaluates the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR) on physiological stress response, blood chemistry and mucus secretion of red sea bream (Pagrus major) under low salinity stress. Fish were fed four diets supplemented with LR at [0 (LR0), 1 × 10² (LR1), 1 × 10⁴ (LR2) and 1 × 10⁶ (LR3) cells g^?1] for 56 days. Before stress, blood cortisol, urea nitrogen (BUN) and total bilirubin (T-BIL) showed no significant difference (P > 0.05), whereas plasma glucose and triglyceride (TG) of fish-fed LR2 and LR3 diets were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of the other groups. Plasma total cholesterol (T-CHO) of fish-fed LR3 diet was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of the other groups. Furthermore, total plasma protein, mucus myeloperoxidase activity and the amount of mucus secretion were significantly enhanced in LR-supplemented groups when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). After the application of the low salinity stress test, plasma cortisol, glucose, T-CHO and TG contents in all groups showed an increased trend significantly (P < 0.01) compared to the fish before the stress challenge. However, plasma total protein and the amount of secreted mucus showed a decreased trend in all groups. On the other hand, BUN, T-BIL and mucus myeloperoxidase activity showed no significant difference after exposure to the low salinity stress (P > 0.05). In addition, the fish that received LR-supplemented diets showed significantly higher tolerance against low salinity stress than the fish-fed LR-free diet (P < 0.05). The physiological status and the detected immune responses, including total plasma protein and mucus myeloperoxidase activity in red sea bream, will provide a more comprehensive outlook of the effects of probiotics to relieve stress in fish.     

Characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">kiss2</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">kissr2</Emphasis> genes and the regulation of kisspeptin on the HPG axis in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cynoglossus semilaevis</Emphasis>

Reproduction allows organisms to produce offspring. Animals shift from immature juveniles into mature adults and become capable of sexual reproduction during puberty, which culminates in the first spermiation and sperm hydration or ovulation. Reproduction is closely related to the precise control of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. Kisspeptin peptides are considered as the important regulator of HPG axis in mammalian. However, the current understanding of kisspeptin in flatfish is not comprehensive. In this study, we cloned and analyzed the kiss2 and kissr2 genes in Cynoglossus semilaevis. Interesting alternative splicing in the 5′-untranslated regions (UTR) of the Cskissr2 gene was found. The expression profiles of Cskiss2 and Cskissr2 showed relative high messenger RNA (mRNA) levels at the late gastrula stage during embryonic development, at total length = 40 mm during early gonadal differentiation, and in the brains and gonads of all investigated tissues. These results suggested that the kisspeptin system participated in embryogenesis and in the regulation of gonadal differentiation and development. Considering that the control and regulatory mechanisms of kisspeptin in the central reproductive axis are still unclear, we documented that the intramuscular injection of kisspeptin caused different sGnRH and cGnRH mRNA levels in a dose- and tissue-dependent manner. The mRNA expressions of FSH and LH were stimulated in the ovary and were inhibited in the testis under the kisspeptin treatments. These results provided foundations for understanding the roles of kisspeptin in the neuroendocrine system in fish. The manipulation of the kisspeptin system may provide new opportunities to control the gonadal development and even reproduction in fish.     

Plasma levels of immune factors and sex steroids in the male seahorse <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hippocampus erectus</Emphasis> during a breeding cycle

To better understand the endocrine- and immune-response pattern during reproduction in a fish species having parental care behaviors and also to accumulate the endocrine- and immune-related data for future explanations of the low reproductive efficiency in seahorse species, the variations of immune factors and sex steroids in the plasma of the male lined seahorse Hippocampus erectus at different breeding stages, i.e., pre-pregnancy, pregnancy (early, middle, and late periods), and post-pregnancy, were investigated in the present study. The immune factors included monocytes/leucocytes (M/L), leucocyte phagocytic rate (LPR), immunoglobulin M (Ig M), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-α (IFN-α), and lysozyme (LZM). The sex steroids included testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), 11β-hydroxytestosterone (11β-OHT), 17α-methyltestosterone (17α-MT), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-hydroxy-20β-dihydroprogesterone (17α-20β-P). Moreover, the immune metabolic activity of epithelium cells in the brood pouch at different breeding stages was also analyzed through ultrastructural observations of the abundance of cytoplasmic granules, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and exocytosis. The results show that a higher immune level was observed during pregnancy, particularly in the early and middle periods, and a lower immune level was noted during pre-pregnancy. Correspondingly, the epithelium cells in the brood pouch also showed a stronger immune metabolic activity during pregnancy and weaker activity during pre-pregnancy. Four sex steroids of T, 11β-OHT, 17α-MT, and E2 were higher during pre-pregnancy and lower during post-pregnancy, whereas 11-KT and 17α-20β-P, which were positively correlated with part immune factors, were higher during pregnancy. No negative correlations between sex steroids and immune factors were observed. In conclusion, the higher immune competence during pregnancy may indicate that parental care could improve immunity, which may be the major factor for no immunosuppressive effect of sex steroids during reproduction in the seahorse H. erectus, unlike noncaregiving fishes in which inhibitions of sex steroids on immunity are frequently observed. Moreover, higher 11-KT and 17α-20β-P during pregnancy than during pre-pregnancy and post-pregnancy may suggest that these two steroids are also involved in parental care regulation.