添加物对精子体外获能的影响及其分子机制

获能是哺乳动物精子的成熟过程和受精的必要前提,获能液中添加物从不同方面影响精子获能;本文阐述了肝素、Ca2 载体A23187、葡萄糖、孕酮、咖啡因等添加物对精子体外获能的影响及其作用机制。     

有机铬的合成及其产品质量评价

三价铬离子是构成葡萄糖耐量因子的重要组成部分,能够增强胰岛素的作用,是人和动物不可缺少的微量元素之一。有机铬化合物在生物机体中具有多种极其重要的活性功能,如果人体缺铬,将导致糖尿病和其它相关疾病;动物缺铬,则会导致对应激敏感、免疫功能受抑制、繁殖功能下降以及胴体品质下降等。本文综述了有机铬化合物的生物功能及其合成方法,介绍了产品的检测及质量评价方法,并对其发展前景做了一定的展望。     

Impact of an experimental PRRSV and Streptococcus suis coinfection on the pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur hydrochloride after intramuscular injection in pigs

This study determined the impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Streptococcus suis coinfection on the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of ceftiofur hydrochloride in pigs after intramuscular (i.m.) injection. Eighteen clinically normal crossbred gilts were assigned by weight into a challenge group (10 pigs) and control group (eight pigs). Pigs in both groups received a single i.m. injection of ceftiofur hydrochloride (Excenel RTU Sterile Suspension; Zoetis) at a 5 mg/kg BW dose. Serial blood samples were collected to characterize the plasma concentration curve. After a 10 days drug washout period, the challenge group was inoculated with 2 mL of PRRSV isolate VR‐2385 (10^5.75 50% tissue culture infective doses per mL) intranasally and 8 days later inoculated S. suis. When clinical disease was evident, the second PK assessment began in both challenge and control groups. Coinfected pigs demonstrated lower values of AUC and C_MAX, but higher values of Cl/F and Vz/F indicating drug kinetics were altered by infection. The data from this study have implications on ceftiofur treatment regimens in diseased pigs.     

黄瓜幼叶细胞中钙调素的免疫胶体金定位

 采用免疫胶体金电镜技术对黄瓜幼叶叶肉细胞中的钙调素(CaM)进行定位。结果表明：适温下生长的黄瓜幼苗叶肉细胞中的CaM主要分布于细胞核和叶绿体内，细胞核中CaM主要存在于染色质和核仁上，叶绿体中CaM主要存在于类囊体膜上；线粒体中也有一定量的CaM分布；细胞质、液泡、液泡膜及质膜上只有少量CaM存在；而细胞壁和细胞间隙却很难发现显示CaM存在的金颗粒。     

大面积果园高架长叶片防霜机的效果试验

为了验证防霜机能否对果园上方空气进行物理扰动、消除近地层逆温,基于自主研究设计的国内首台高架长叶片防霜机,利用2013年10月19-21日强降温过程中的对比试验观测数据及分析,对该防霜机防霜冻效果进行了评估。结果表明:在逆温条件下,一套功率为120 kW,高度为8.5 m,风叶直径为6 m的高架防霜机扰动混合环境内上下层空气使得保护区内逆温现象消失,近地层1~3 m增温明显,防霜机保护区内相对湿度减小较快,有效防止霜冻形成;20 m左右是防霜机的强风速扰动影响区,距离地面3、2、1 m处风速分别为4.0、2.1、1.6 m/s。防霜机有效保护范围为水平20~100 m,在其范围内空间1~3 m的风速随水平距离的增大呈波动减少趋势;每台防霜机的有效保护面积为1.73~3.07 hm2。该文研究为科学高效的人工防御霜冻灾害和防霜机的技术推广提供参考。     

Metabolomics Tools Assisting Classic Screening Methods in Discovering New Antibiotics from Mangrove Actinomycetia in Leizhou Peninsula

Mangrove actinomycetia are considered one of the promising sources for discovering novel biologically active compounds. Traditional bioactivity- and/or taxonomy-based methods are inefficient and usually result in the re-discovery of known metabolites. Thus, improving selection efficiency among strain candidates is of interest especially in the early stage of the antibiotic discovery program. In this study, an integrated strategy of combining phylogenetic data and bioactivity tests with a metabolomics-based dereplication approach was applied to fast track the selection process. A total of 521 actinomycetial strains affiliated to 40 genera in 23 families were isolated from 13 different mangrove soil samples by the culture-dependent method. A total of 179 strains affiliated to 40 different genera with a unique colony morphology were selected to evaluate antibacterial activity against 12 indicator bacteria. Of the 179 tested isolates, 47 showed activities against at least one of the tested pathogens. Analysis of 23 out of 47 active isolates using UPLC-HRMS-PCA revealed six outliers. Further analysis using the OPLS-DA model identified five compounds from two outliers contributing to the bioactivity against drug-sensitive A. baumannii. Molecular networking was used to determine the relationship of significant metabolites in six outliers and to find their potentially new congeners. Finally, two Streptomyces strains (M22, H37) producing potentially new compounds were rapidly prioritized on the basis of their distinct chemistry profiles, dereplication results, and antibacterial activities, as well as taxonomical information. Two new trioxacarcins with keto-reduced trioxacarcinose B, gutingimycin B (16) and trioxacarcin G (20), together with known gutingimycin (12), were isolated from the scale-up fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. M22. Our study demonstrated that metabolomics tools could greatly assist classic antibiotic discovery methods in strain prioritization to improve efficiency in discovering novel antibiotics from those highly productive and rich diversity ecosystems.     

农药和植保类中华农业科技奖获奖成果概况

概述了中华农业科技奖的基本情况,对2006年以来中华农业科技奖获奖成果进行了汇总整理,并重点统计分析了农药和植保类获奖成果情况。     

黄羽肉鸡胴体化学成分研究

对北京油鸡和北京石歧黄羽肉鸡的胴体组成和化学成分进行了测定。研究中,首先从胴体中分离出骨,余者（包括肌肉、脂肪、皮肤和韧带）用粉碎机分磨碎、混匀,制作皮肉脂混合样,测定项目包括胴体皮、肉、脂总重量与骨重之比,皮肉脂混合样干物质率,风干混合肉样粗脂肪率和粗蛋白率,及其各种氨基酸和脂肪酸的百分含量。着重分析了上述指标的性别和品系效应。结果表明：与石歧黄羽肉鸡相比,北京油鸡在产肉性能方面的劣势在于其公鸡     

沥青砼路面平整度控制方法浅析

通过近几年在沥青面层施工工作中的实践 ,从沥青混合料的拌和、碾压、基层的平整度等方面分析了对沥青混凝土面层平整度的影响     

日光温室番茄寡照灾害等级指标研究

为了初步确定日光温室番茄苗期及花果期冬季寡照灾害等级指标。基于日光温室内番茄苗期、花果期寡照对比观测试验,将冬季温室番茄生产寡照分为无灾、轻灾、中灾、重灾4个等级。通过1、3、5、7、10、15天寡照及恢复处理,对寡照植株样本及对照植株样本进行光合速率的观测分析,结合试验过程中样本生长性状表征以及经寡照处理后的样本产量统计分析,确定寡照等级指标。结果表明,苗期寡照指标为：无灾（3天及3天以下）、轻灾（4~7天）、中灾（8~10天）、重灾（10天以上）;花果期寡照指标为：无灾（3天及3天以下）、轻灾（4~5天）、中灾（5~10天）、重灾（10天以上）。本研究为开展日光温室番茄寡照预警提供依据。