Intravenous catheterisation of foetus and mare in late pregnancy: management and respiratory, circulatory and metabolic effects.

The uterine and umbilical vessels of 12 pregnant ponies were catheterised to study foetal metabolism. The effects of this procedure on maternal and foetal cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic and adrenocortical activity were monitored during and after surgery. Premedication with acepromazine-butorphanol-detomidine was followed by induction of anaesthesia with detomidine and ketamine and maintenance, using mechanical ventilation, with halothane in oxygen and nitrous oxide. Mean maternal arterial blood pressure was greater than 70 mmHg during anaesthesia and arterial oxygen tension remained over 100 mmHg. The foetuses were adequately oxygenated but were hypercapnic and lactic acidaemic. Most maternal and foetal blood gases and metabolites had returned to normal by 24 h, although foetal plasma lactate fell more slowly. The maternal adrenocortical discharge was less severe than reported previously and plasma cortisol had fallen to basal levels by 48 h after surgery. Foetal plasma cortisol remained low and did not change during or after surgery. Arterio-venous metabolite and gas tension differences across the uterine and umbilical circulations were slightly greater at operation than in the recovery period, suggesting that uteroplacental perfusion may have been impaired during surgery. Post-operative recovery of the mare and foetus was satisfactory and subsequent problems associated with the foetal catheters were not related to the anaesthesia or surgery.     

松嫩平原黑土区不同培肥途径对产量影响的初步分析

研究结果表明，不同培肥途径多年产量的平均结果较对照增产．农肥不仅提供作物所需养分．并显著地提高土壤生态系统稳定性．化肥高量区与低量区产量的平均结果变动幅度较小．干旱少雨年份，农肥作用大于化肥；雨量充沛年份，化肥的作用大于农肥．秸秆还田量在一定地区有一定上限，过高会出现负效应，加剧了干旱程度，配施农肥、化肥能够缓冲这种负作用、并定量地给出高产的最适施肥配比．     

Characterization of phosphate species in urban sewage sludges by high-resolution solid-state 31P NMR

The mineral forms of phosphorus in three urban sewage sludges were characterized using high-resolution solid-state phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) coupled to a sequential extraction. The sludges studied were an anaerobically-digested and heat-treated sludge (Paris-Achères), an activated sludge (Briare) and an anaerobically-digested sludge (Nancy). NMR observations were conducted using both single-pulse and cross-polarization sequences in order to distinguish between ³¹P nuclei far from ¹H nuclei, and ³¹P located within a fraction of a nanometre of ¹H. This approach showed that a complex mixture of P species was present in these sludges. A mixture of hydrogenated octocalcium phosphates and apatites was observed in the three samples. Monetite was present in the anaerobically-digested sludge and brushite in the activated sludge. Dehydrogenated condensed calcium phosphates (compounds with a Ca:P ratio higher than 1.0 such as fluorapatite or tricalcium phosphate) and dehydrogenated pyrophosphates were also probably present in the anaerobically-digested sludge. A poorly-ordered wavellite was observed in the three sludges after the HCl extraction. However, results were inconclusive as to whether this mineral was present in the three sludges, or had been precipitated during the sequential extraction.     

Flowering events in relation to smut susceptibility in pearl millet

In field experiments at ICRISAT, selected lines of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) resistant and susceptible to smut (Tolyposporium penicillariae) were evaluated for the timing of flowering events. In smut-resistant lines, the time from the boot-leaf stage (inoculation) to stigma emergence varied in the range 46–120 h, from boot to anther emergence 105–190 h, and from stigma emergence to anther emergence (protogyny period) 59–131 h; in smut-susceptible lines, the corresponding periods were 62–140 h, 146–200 h and 44–120 h, respectively. There were no significant correlations between timing of events and smut severity. Three cytoplasmically male-sterile lines showed longer protogyny periods and higher smut severity than their corresponding maintainer lines. Four lines having short protogyny periods (22–52 h) and resistance to ergot (Claviceps fusiformis) also showed high resistance to smut. Resistance to smut in most ergot-susceptible lines was independent of the timing of flow ering events, but in ergot-resistant lines it could be closely related to flowering events.     

黑荆树单宁浸取技术的研究

采用分段浸取新工艺是黑荆树皮单宁提取的关键技术。即以平转型连续最提为常压段、以水平渗滤（进、出）垂直釜为加压段，经生产考核，其工艺先进、运行可靠、经济合理、操作简便，产品质量稳定。     

大肠杆菌耐热性肠毒素ST1—K99／LacZ基因重组的研究

将构建的ｐＢＳＴ２～６工程菌质粒用限制性内切酶ＢａｍＨＩ／ＢｇｌⅡ酶切，经琼脂糖凝胶电泳和电洗脱，回收１４７ｂｐ的目的ＳＴ１基因。随之将该基因分别重组到能有效表达Ｋ９９菌毛抗原和ＬａｃＺ酶的ｐＧＫ９９之Ｋ９９基因ＢｇｌⅡ位点和ｐＵＣ１８的ＢａｍＨＩ位点中。通过ＳＴ１基因探针菌落原位杂交、特定酶切分析及ＤＮＡ序列分析，筛选并鉴定出了理想重组子，从而构建出了能分别表达ＳＴ１融合基因产物的工程菌株ｐＳＫ２１９和ｐＸＳＴ１。     

溶剂法制歧化松香

将松脂或松香溶于溶剂中，Ｃ Ｐｄ／Ｃ为催化剂，≤２００℃反应，可得色泽浅与不皂化物含理低的歧化松香。对该歧化松香组成研究后表明，在上条件下除含有通常的少量脱羧产物外，尚有降解产物，它带羧基，分子量为２７６，没有其它小分子降解产物，因而收率较高，不皂化物少。     

恩肥对平菇菌丝生长,产量及品质的影响

本文报道了恩肥的施用浓度、施用时期对平菇菌丝生长、产量和品质的影响。试验结果表明,施用恩肥可促进平菇菌丝生长和子实体发育,有利于提高产量及改善品质。用肥量为每1000ml PDA或每公斤干培养料0.2～0.3ml时,菌丝生长速度显著加快,长满袋的时间可缩短4～5d,子实体产量可提高45.7％～55.9％,蛋白质、必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸分别增加25.8％、14.94％和11.32％。在不同施肥时期中,又以现蕾期喷施效果最佳。     

青海绵羊血清铁传递蛋白的电泳研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对青海省５个品种共１０５０只绵羊的血清铁传递蛋白进行了电泳研究。结果发现青海绵羊的血清运铁蛋白共有１１个电泳变异体（Ｉ，Ａ，Ｇ，Ｂ，Ｌ，Ｃ，Ｄ，Ｍ，Ｅ，Ｑ，），构成３７种电泳表型（ＩＡ，ＡＥ，ＡＡ，ＡＧ，ＡＢ，ＡＬ，ＡＣ，ＡＤ，ＡＭ，ＡＥ，ＡＢ，ＧＧ，ＧＢ，ＧＬ，ＧＣ，ＧＤ，ＧＭ，ＧＱ，ＢＢ，ＢＣ，ＣＤ，ＣＭ，ＬＣ，ＬＤ，ＬＥ，ＣＣ，ＣＤ，ＣＭ，ＣＥ，ＣＱ，ＣＰ，ＤＤ，ＤＭ，ＤＥＤＱ，ＫＰ，ＭＱ）。在５个品种绵羊中，藏羊血清铁传递蛋白的电泳变异体和电泳表型最多，分别为１１个和２８种，茨盖羊的最少，分别为６个和１６种，青海细毛羊，新疆细毛羊和青海半细胞毛羊介于两者之间。