花粉主要营养成分与保健功能

6 眼病与蜂花粉 眼视力一般随老年人年龄增加而下降。研究发现，眼疾与B族维生素和维生素c密切相关。另外，白内障是老年人致盲的主要原因。尽管目前原因尚不十分了解，但与老年人晶状抗氧能力减弱和脂类过氧化增强有关。     

辽宁省肉牛、肉羊规模养殖场运行情况调查研究

为全面掌握辽宁省肉牛、肉羊规模养殖场（小区）运行情况,笔者对全省肉牛、肉羊规模场（小区）运行情况进行了调查,并对调查数据进行了分析研究,提出了相关对策建议。     

Accuracy of genomic prediction using different models and response variables in the Nordic Red cattle population

Breeding animals can be accurately evaluated using appropriate genomic prediction models, based on marker data and phenotype information. In this study, direct genomic values (DGV) were estimated for 16 traits of Nordic Total Merit (NTM) Index in Nordic Red cattle population using three models and two different response variables. The three models were as follows: a linear mixed model (GBLUP), a Bayesian variable selection model similar to BayesA (BayesA*) and a Bayesian least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model (Bayesian Lasso). The response variables were deregressed proofs (DRP) and conventional estimated breeding values (EBV). The reliability of genomic predictions was measured on bulls in the validation data set as the squared correlation between DGV and DRP divided by the reliability of DRP. Using DRP as response variable, the reliabilities of DGV among the 16 traits ranged from 0.151 to 0.569 (average 0.317) for GBLUP, from 0.152 to 0.576 (average 0.318) for BayesA* and from 0.150 to 0.570 (average 0.320) for Bayesian Lasso. Using EBV as response variable, the reliabilities ranged from 0.159 to 0.580 (average 0.322) for GBLUP, from 0.157 to 0.578 (average 0.319) for BayesA* and from 0.159 to 0.582 (average 0.325) for Bayesian Lasso. In summary, Bayesian Lasso performed slightly better than the other two models, and EBV performed slightly better than DRP as response variable, with regard to prediction reliability of DGV. However, these differences were not statistically significant. Moreover, using EBV as response variable would result in problems with the scale of the resulting DGV and potential problem due to double counting.     

Mapping B-cell linear epitopes of NS3 protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a member of the genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae. NS3 is one of the immunodominance regions of the BVDV viral proteins. To identify the potential B-cell linear antigenic epitopes within BVDV NS3 region, serial overlapping truncations covering the whole region were expressed and purified, and screened by multistep of Western-blot. We found (₁VCKKITEHERCHVNI₁₅), (₂₀AFFGVMPRGTTPRAPVR₃₆), (₄₆RRGLETGWAYTHQGGI₆₁), (₂₈₁EGDMATGITYASYGYFC₂₉₇), (₄₂₆YSGEDPANLRVVTSQSPYVVVATNAIESGV₄₅₅) and (₄₈₁FIVTGLKRMAVTVGEQA₄₉₇) can be recognized by the BVDV infected bovine serum. These proteins have been confirmed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA). The results of this study might open new perspectives on the structure and antibody–antigen reaction of the non-structural proteins and may aid in the clinical application as well.     

德菲尔法构建重大动物疫病预警指标体系

[目的 ]构建重大动物疫病暴发流行预警指标体系。[方法 ]以禽流感和口蹄疫为例,采用文献调研法和德菲尔专家咨询法中的专家会议法初拟重大动物疫病预警体系的框架和指标;应用德菲尔专家咨询法评价预警指标的重要性、可操作性;应用组合权重法比较各指标综合影响的大小,并将指标分类。[结果 ]筛选出禽流感和口蹄疫预警预报一级指标6项(易感动物、饲养管理和免疫情况等)以及二级指标14项(免疫效果、环境消毒、温度等),并将指标分为三类(关键指标、重要指标和一般指标)。[结论 ]初步构建了重大动物疫病暴发流行预警指标体系。     

基于离散元法的旋耕刀三向工作阻力仿真分析与试验

为分析旋耕刀所受三向工作阻力及其变化规律,该文通过实测南方果园土壤颗粒参数,逆向重构旋耕刀三维实体,基于离散元颗粒接触理论,构建了适应南方土质环境的旋耕刀-土壤相互作用仿真模型。土槽扭矩对比试验表明,仿真值与试验值的变化趋势相同,扭矩均随转速增加而变大,最大相对误差10%;扭矩先从0增加到某个最大值,接着逐步减小到一个低值,随后又快速增加到一个高值,最后回落,该变化过程同旋耕刀与土壤之间的接触状态相关。单刀受力仿真分析表明,水平阻力方向与前进方向相同,侧向阻力方向为由刀具弯折区内侧面指向刀体,垂直阻力方向为先垂直土面向上后转为向下;水平阻力和侧向阻力在最大耕深处出现最大值,而垂直阻力在入土后转动约30°时出现最大值;水平阻力和垂直阻力的仿真波形与理论计算、土槽试验结果比照表明,对应曲线的变化趋势基本一致,且仿真结果与土槽试验结果更为接近,水平阻力相对误差为11.3%,垂直阻力相对误差为16.8%;水平阻力最大值大于侧向和垂直方向阻力最大值,水平阻力是功率消耗的主要因素;随着转速的增加,3个方向阻力最大值均增大,当转速高于250 r/min时,增速加快;侧向阻力和垂直阻力随前进速度增加而平稳增大,水平阻力却出现下滑趋势;耕深对三向阻力的影响比较显著,增加耕深会急剧增大三向阻力值。相关试验数据可为旋耕机能耗分析、机体作业振动及刀片磨损等研究提供参考。     

果蔗不同器官在不同生育期的同工酶聚类相关分析

为了解过氧化物酶(POD)和酯酶(EST)同工酶在果蔗生长中的变化规律,本研究选择不同的取样时期和植株不同器官,对8个果蔗品种利用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺电泳得出的叶片、根组织不同生育时期POD、EST同工酶酶谱进行聚类分析,并检测其相关性。结果表明：（1）不同品种间同工酶谱的遗传相似系数存在差异,特别是外引黑皮果蔗(Badila)与中国地方品种之间存在着一定的遗传差异;（2）不同生育时期叶片或根部的POD同工酶和EST同工酶酶谱的聚类图都存在着差异;（3）叶片中的POD、EST酶谱在各个生育时期均达到极显著相关。说明叶片是这两种酶基因表达的最重要活性部位,因此叶片可以作为同工酶分析较为稳定和适宜的采样部位。     

超低温技术的研究进展及其在甘蔗脱毒中的应用前景

超低温处理是以植物组织培养以及超低温保存为基础的一种新型的脱毒技术。为研究其在甘蔗脱毒中的应用前景,笔者对超低温技术在常见作物中脱毒方法及效率进行了分析,对超低温的原理、方法以及脱毒效果做了总结,对甘蔗现有的脱毒技术进行了分析。阐述了超低温技术为甘蔗脱毒工作中所提供的新的思路。     

苹果贮藏期间炭疽病菌侵染过程的初步研究

将苹果炭疽病菌配成不同浓度孢子悬浮液接种至处于贮藏期的苹果上 ,在 2 0℃恒温下暗光培养 ,对病菌侵染过程进行研究。结果表明 :对于针刺接种秦冠苹果 ,病斑接种成功率随接种孢子浓度增大而增大 ,当接种浓度在 1× 10 5个孢子 /ml以上时 ,接种成功率为 10 0 % ;病菌潜伏期和潜育期与接种浓度呈显著负相关 ;潜育期至潜伏期所需的有效积温和产孢时病斑直径在不同浓度接种间差异不显著 ,其值分别为 99.2℃和 19.6mm ;病斑扩展速率在接种浓度 1× 10 4 ～ 1× 10 5个孢子 /ml范围内最大。