涡流室柴油机燃烧过程模拟

利用FLUENT软件构建了描述S195型涡流室单缸柴油机燃烧过程的三维数学物理模型,并对气体在涡流室内的运动情况进行了数值模拟分析,获得了缸内气体的压力变化、温度变化以及碳烟排放的情况。实测结果表明,该模型能够比较准确地模拟涡流室柴油机的燃烧过程。     

罩盖喷杆喷雾机的设计与防飘试验

在机动背负式喷杆喷雾机的基础上设计了一台适合大田作业的手扶式罩盖喷杆喷雾机,分别进行了田间和室内防飘性能试验。结果表明,罩盖喷雾能增加雾滴在冠层中的穿透性,尤其使用小流量喷头时防飘效果更加明显。罩盖能够显著增加药液在喷头附近的沉积,减弱雾滴向下风向的运动能力,减少飘失。使用ST110-015型喷头,喷雾压力0.4MPa时罩盖的防飘效果最好。在相同风速下,罩盖对雾滴的防飘失效果不同,对较小雾滴的防飘失效果优于较大雾滴。     

双螺杆挤压机螺杆元件类型对扭矩和压力的影响

以食用脱脂低温豆粕为原料,以Brabender DSE-25型双螺杆挤压膨化实验室工作站为加工设备,研究了不同几何参数的输送元件、捏合块和齿型盘6种螺杆元件对挤压过程中扭矩和压力的影响。结果表明:螺杆元件对扭矩和压力有显著影响;对扭矩影响的主次顺序为反向输送元件;齿型盘、捏合块、正向输送元件;有反向螺旋角或错裂角或对物料剪切强度大的元件能够显著增加扭矩;元件对压力的影响规律不明显。对系统稳定性的初步分析认为,错列角为45°和90°的捏合块具有较好的混炼效果,而齿型盘和错列角为-45°的捏合块的混炼效果较差。     

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Marine-Derived Alkaloids via Enzymatic Reactions

Alkaloids are a large and structurally diverse group of marine-derived natural products. Most marine-derived alkaloids are biologically active and show promising applications in modern (agro)chemical, pharmaceutical, and fine chemical industries. Different approaches have been established to access these marine-derived alkaloids. Among these employed methods, biotechnological approaches, namely, (chemo)enzymatic synthesis, have significant potential for playing a central role in alkaloid production on an industrial scale. In this review, we discuss research progress on marine-derived alkaloid synthesis via enzymatic reactions and note the advantages and disadvantages of their applications for industrial production, as well as green chemistry for marine natural product research.     

巨胚杂交稻的农艺及产量性状

以2个巨胚不育系及其相应的2个非巨胚不育系,3个巨胚恢复系、2个非巨胚恢复系为材料,配制一套共20个半双列杂交组合,研究巨胚(ge)基因对杂交稻的若干生物学特性的影响。结果表明:ge基因对杂交稻主要农艺性状和部分产量性状没有显著影响,但ge基因使杂交稻的千粒重、容重、理论产量和实际产量下降,且只有在纯合时才有显著表达。含杂合geGE基因也使其上述性状有所下降,但幅度明显小于gege纯合基因。     

鄂西南山区马铃薯生产与病虫害防治问题浅析

恩施州位于鄂西南山区,地跨东径108°23′~110°38′,北纬29°07′~31°24′,地处武陵山区腹地,属西南山区单、双季混作区,平均海拔1000m,山地垂直气候差展异大,二高山以上地区气候冷晾、雨量充沛,适宜马铃薯生长,随着种植业结构的不断调整优化和西部大开发的实施,马铃薯产业越     

印楝杀虫剂防治蝗虫的应用前景

印楝杀虫剂是公认的最优秀的生物农药之一，在环境中无残留，对非靶标生物安全，对中华稻蝗(Oxyachinensis)、东亚飞蝗(Locusta migratoria manilensis)、黄脊竹蝗(Ceraoris kiangsu)、青脊竹蝗(Ceraoris nigricornis)、沙漠蝗(Schistocerca gregaria)、血黑蝗(Melanoplus sanguinipes)和泣黑背蝗(Eyprepocnermis plorclnS)等多种蝗虫具有优异的杀虫活性，并具有独特的杀虫作用机理，是防治蝗虫的理想药剂。     

Investigation of the In Vivo,In Vitro,and In Silico Wound Healing Potential of Pinctada martensii Purified Peptides

Previous studies found that both oral and topical administration of enzymatic digestion products < 3 K Da ultrafiltration fractions of Pinctada martensii mantle (PMPs) had pro-healing effects. Thus, we further purified them by Sephadex-G25 and screened them by cellular assays to obtain Pinctada martensii purified peptides (PMPPs). In this study, we explored the mechanism of PMPPs on wound healing by in vivo, in vitro, and in silico experiments. LC-MS/MS results showed that PMPPs consisted of 33 peptides with molecular weights ranging from 758.43 to 2014.04 Da, and the characteristic peptide was Leu-Asp. The results of cellular assays showed that PMPPs promoted the proliferation of human skin fibroblasts (HSF) (135%) and human immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells (125%) very significantly at 12.5 μg/mL. The in vivo results showed that PMPPs could achieve scarless healing by inhibiting the inflammatory response, accelerating the epithelialization process, and regulating collagen I/III ratio. The optimal peptide sequence FAFQAEIAQLMS of PMPPs was screened for key protein receptors in wound healing (EGFR1, FGFR1, and MMP-1) with the help of molecular docking technique, which also showed to be the key pro-healing active peptide sequence. Therefore, it may provide a therapeutic strategy with great potential for wound healing.     

毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蜜蜂毒性与安全评价研究

通过接触法和摄入法测定了毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蜜蜂的毒性。结果表明，毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蜜蜂的接触毒性(24h LD50)分别为0．1634μg／蜂和0．0501μg／蜂，胃毒毒性(24h LE50)分别为0．6406mg／L和7．8261mg／L。根据Atkins毒性等级划分标准，毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蜜蜂的毒性均为高毒，应禁止在蜜蜂活动区域使用。     

青海湖中沙堤的形成及其对湖水位的影响

青海湖水位下降的因素很多,本文仅从青海湖区风沙、泥沙入湖后形成水下沙堤进而发展成子湖这方面,浅析对湖水位的影响。