Comparison of antioxidant potency of commonly consumed polyphenol-rich beverages in the United States

A number of different beverage products claim to have antioxidant potency due to their perceived high content of polyphenols. Basic and applied research indicates that pomegranate juice (PJ), produced from the Wonderful variety of Punica granatum fruits, has strong antioxidant activity and related health benefits. Although consumers are familiar with the concept of free radicals and antioxidants, they are often misled by claims of superior antioxidant activity of different beverages, which are usually based only on testing of a limited spectrum of antioxidant activities. There is no available direct comparison of PJ's antioxidant activity to those of other widely available polyphenol-rich beverage products using a comprehensive variety of antioxidant tests. The present study applied (1) four tests of antioxidant potency [Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), total oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), free radical scavenging capacity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)]; (2) a test of antioxidant functionality, that is, inhibition of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation by peroxides and malondialdehyde methods; and (3) evaluation of the total polyphenol content [by gallic acid equivalents (GAEs)] of polyphenol-rich beverages in the marketplace. The beverages included several different brands as follows: apple juice (3), a?aí juice (3), black cherry juice (3), blueberry juice (3), cranberry juice (3), Concord grape juice (3), orange juice (3), red wines (3), iced tea beverages (10) [black tea (3), green tea (4), white tea (3)], and a major PJ available in the U.S. market. An overall antioxidant potency composite index was calculated by assigning each test equal weight. PJ had the greatest antioxidant potency composite index among the beverages tested and was at least 20% greater than any of the other beverages tested. Antioxidant potency, ability to inhibit LDL oxidation, and total polyphenol content were consistent in classifying the antioxidant capacity of the polyphenol-rich beverages in the following order: PJ>red wine>Concord grape juice>blueberry juice>black cherry juice, a?aí juice, cranberry juice>orange juice, iced tea beverages, apple juice. Although in vitro antioxidant potency does not prove in vivo biological activity, there is also consistent clinical evidence of antioxidant potency for the most potent beverages including both PJ and red wine.     

基于离散元的玉米种子颗粒模型种间接触参数标定

由于EDEM(离散元法)中建立的玉米种子颗粒模型与实际玉米种子在外形、表面粗糙度等方面存在差异,若直接将实际测量的物性参数引入EDEM中进行仿真,会出现仿真失真的情况。针对此问题,该文提出一种建立数学回归模型主动寻找目标参数的方法,简化标定过程,将仿真试验和真实试验相结合,对玉米种子颗粒模型的种间静摩擦系数和滚动摩擦系数两个关键参数进行标定,使其在EDEM中建立的玉米种子颗粒重新获得与真实颗粒相近的物理特性。利用两种接触材料(有机玻璃板与铝质圆筒)进行玉米种子堆积角仿真试验,建立两个自变量为种间静摩擦系数、种间滚动摩擦系数的二元回归方程。以实际测量种群堆积角作为已知目标量进行数值求解,求得EDEM中玉米种间静摩擦系数和滚动摩擦系数这两个目标参数:玉米种间静摩擦系数为0.0338,玉米种间滚动摩擦系数为0.0021。将标定的玉米种子物性参数输入EDEM中进行仿真试验,通过提取关键特征尺寸和图像边界将试验结果与实际试验结果进行对比,结果表明:关键特征尺寸数值差异在4.70%以内,标定后的玉米种子堆积角边界与实际情况更接近,提高了仿真结果的可靠性。     

河北珍稀濒危植物资源保护与利用之我见

本文对河北省分布的17种、栽培的9种珍稀濒危植物作了简要介绍,并对加强保护与合理开发利用提出了建议.认为,加强保护宣传和科普工作、加强资源调查、保护好植物种群的生态环境,积极开展引种驯化的科学研究、处理好保护与开发利用的关系、加强学术交流,是切实保护珍稀濒危植物资源,维持并逐步扩大种群数量、长期稳定地合理利用植物资源的重要途径。     

砾石对石灰土表面干缩裂隙发育特征的影响

[目的]研究砾石粒径及含量对石灰土表面干缩裂隙发育特征的影响,为探索喀斯特地区的水土流失机理提供参考依据。[方法]通过室内模拟试验和数字图像处理技术,研究了砾石粒径(2.0～5.0 mm和5.0～12.5 mm)和砾石含量(0%,10%,20%,30%,40%)条件下的石灰土表面干缩裂隙特征。[结果]①无砾石石灰土平均表面裂隙率仅为3.03%,含砾石石灰土具有更大的表面裂隙率,在大粒径(5.0～12.5 mm)高含量(40%)条件下,表面裂隙率最大,达到8.66%;②当砾石含量增加时,裂隙的形态变得细小且密集,小粒径砾石会使裂隙网络更复杂;③大粒径(5.0～12.5 mm)条件下的土壤表面裂隙率与砾石含量成正线性相关,而小粒径(2.0～5.0 mm)条件下的裂隙率与砾石含量成负线性相关;④砾石会成为裂隙发育的基点,每个砾石颗粒周围都有可能产生围绕砾石或是向外延伸的裂隙。且在砾石形态的棱角处,容易产生向外延伸的裂隙。[结论]石灰土中存在砾石会导致表面裂隙率提高,弱化土体的抗侵蚀能力,是石漠化治理不容忽视的问题。     

不同播期对冬小麦粒重形成及产量的影响

以4个冬小麦品种为材料,研究了不同播期条件下籽粒灌浆特征参数、粒重和产量的差异。结果表明:播期对千粒重的影响存在差异,洛旱6号、洛麦21号和豫麦49不同播期之间的籽粒千粒重存在显著差异,但播期对偃展4110的千粒重影响不大。在不同播期下,灌浆过程中平均灌浆速率、快增期灌浆速率对粒重的影响较大。播期对不同品种灌浆高峰出现的日期影响基本一致,早播期>晚播期>中播期.但较早播种时,洛旱6号、洛麦21号和豫麦49灌浆高峰出现较早,灌浆速率大,晚播时偃展4110灌浆高峰出现较早,灌浆速率大。播期对4个品种产量的影响均以中播最高,在河南旱区生态条件下,似偃展4110的春性品种适宜播期为10月中下旬,洛旱6号、洛麦21号等似豫麦49的半冬性品种适宜播期为10月中旬。     

果树抗寒性的遗传与育种研究进展

冻害胁迫下果树体内的水分从生长的组织流失迁移,在其周围区域形成冰核保护生长组织,不形成冰核发生冻害;ABA和Ca(2+)在植物低温胁迫的信号转导中起重要作用;DTA法测定的LTH温度与花芽的半致死温度一致;果树杂种后代的抗寒性遗传具有母性遗传特点。还总结了近年来发展起来的果树抗寒性鉴定的有效方法以及部分抗寒资源,以期为果树抗寒育种的亲本选择及不同品系抗寒力的早期鉴定提供参考依据。     

Impact of epistasis and QTL × environmental interaction on the oil filling rate of soybean seed at different developmental stages

The oil accumulation in the developing soybean seed has been shown to be a dynamic process with different rates and activities at different phases affected by both genotype and environment. The objective of the present study was to investigate additive, epistatic and quantitative trait loci (QTL) × environment interaction (QE) effects of the QTL controlling oil filling rate in soybean seed. A total of 143 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross of Charleston and Dongnong 594 were used in this study to obtain 2 years of field data (2004 and 2005). A total of 26 QTL with significantly unconditional and conditional additive (a) effect and/or additive × environment interaction (ae) effect at different filling stages were identified on 14 linkage groups. Among the QTL with significant a effects, 18 QTL showed positive effects and 6 QTL had negative effects on seed filling rate of oil content during seed development. A total of 29 epistatic pairwise QTL underlying seed filling rate were identified at different filling stages. About 28 pairs of the QTL showed additive × additive epistatic (aa) effects and 14 pairs of the QTL showed aa × environment interaction (aae) effects at different filling stages. QTL with aa and aae (additive × additive × environment) effects appeared to vary at different filling stages. Our results demonstrated that oil filling rate in soybean seed were under genetic, developmental and environmental control.     

亚热带常绿阔叶林涵养水源效能的研究

以湖南省会同县一块常绿阔叶林为对象，对其林地土壤水分的物理特征、枯枝落叶层的持水特征、土壤水分的下渗特征、降雨雨滴的大小分布及降雨动能特征等进行了测定分析，结果表明，常绿阔叶林生态系统对减少雨水对土壤的侵蚀、涵养水源具有重要的作用．     

芦芽山自然保护区金雕的繁殖习性

１９９５年—１９９７年每年的３月—９月在芦芽山自然保护区对金雕的繁殖习性进行了观察。其巢营建于悬崖峭壁的平台或凹处,呈扁盘状,巢高６０．１９（４０～９８）ｃｍ,巢深１６．２５（１３～２５．５）ｃｍ,内径５２．００ｃｍ×３１．２０ｃｍ,窝卵数多为１枚～３枚,卵的大小为７６（７１～７９）ｍｍ×６０（５７～６３）ｍｍ,卵重１４９（１４０～１５２）ｇ,孵卵期３５ｄ,孵化率为８３．３３％,雏鸟在巢内有相残现象。     

澳大利亚湿加松F2杂种引种试验结果初报

对种植于广东省蕉岭、四会、信宜、阳东等4个地点的澳大利亚湿加松F2杂种2．5～4．0年生的人工林作了生长量调查和数据分析，结果表明：F2杂种早期生长突出，其年均树高生长介于0．87—1．10m、年均胸径生长介于1．50～1．99cm，比同地点湿地松的树高、胸径分别大19．40％～26．64％，18．78％～47．48％，比马尾松的树高、胸径分别大3．28％～24．71％，42．45％～80．07％。初步认为，湿加松F2杂种在广东省的低山地区有较大的发展潜力。文章还对F2：杂种的变异程度进行了探讨，并提出了F2杂种的利用设想。