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41.
莲子草假隔链格孢的寄主范围及对空心莲子草的控制作用 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
空心莲子草(Alteranthera philoxeroides)由于具有繁殖迅速、适应性强等特点,于20世纪50年代被引人我国江苏和浙江等地作为牲畜饲料植物栽培,随后相继传人全国各地并引起危害,成为我国大部分省区旱地和水域的恶性杂草之一。其微生物防治目前仍处于生物防治物的调查筛选阶段,已发现的病原真菌有假隔链格孢菌(Nimbya alternantherae)、炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)、立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)及链格孢(Alternaria sp.)等。 相似文献
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43.
德国核桃‘No.120'幼胚胚轴与子叶体细胞胚胎发生及其植株再生 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
核桃 (Juglansregia)‘No . 12 0’品系授粉 7~ 8周的幼胚胚轴与子叶在含不同植物生长调节剂组合的诱导培养基上培养 4周后转移至无植物生长调节剂的继代培养基上培养 ,不同发育时期的体细胞胚直接形成于胚轴与子叶表面。子叶与胚轴分别在KT 2mg/L BA1mg/L IBA 0 .0 1mg/L与 2 ,4 D 2mg/L KT 1mg/L的组合的诱导下体细胞胚胎发生频率最高。体细胞胚经 3~ 5℃低温处理 2个月 ,31.6%的体细胞胚能发育成正常生长的植株 相似文献
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Florian Chain Gérard Riault Maxime Trottet Emmanuel Jacquot 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,117(1):35-43
Serial passage experiments (SPE) of a Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) isolate were performed on Zhong ZH and TC14 wheat lines to evaluate the durability of their resistance to BYDV. At different passage numbers (from the 2nd to the 114th), biological properties of the produced isolates were recorded either by monitoring infection percentages and virus titers of the first 3 weeks of viral infection or by measuring their impact on yield components. Statistical analyses using the area under pathogen progress curves and the area under concentration progress curves demonstrated that these two resistant lines induce, after only a few passages, a selection of variant(s) with significantly modified infection abilities. Isolates resulting from SPE performed on these lines induced important decreases of yield components. These results indicate that the use of Zhong ZH and TC14 lines in BYDV-resistant breeding programmes should be approached with caution. 相似文献
48.
Laboratory rearing of insects for scientific research ensures a constant supply of insects. However, laboratory colonies may
diverge genetically and/or phenotypically from wild populations due to selection pressures in their artificial environment.
This study examined how variation in a colony ofTrichoplusia ni influenced reproducibility over time of bioassays of toosendanin (a limonoid extracted from the bark ofMelia azedarach). In four of five experiments insect growth was reduced significantly (P=0.05) by the presence of toosendanin in the diet. The fifth experiment showed the same trend, but the effect was not significant.
Mean larval mass of both control and treated insects also varied greatly among experiments. The considerable variability observed
in this population highlights the importance of replicating experiments in time, and not just space, to confirm reproducibility
of treatment effects.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Jan. 23, 2007. 相似文献
49.
Land use changes operate at different scales. They trigger a cascade of effects that simultaneously modify the composition
or structure of the landscape and of the local vegetation. Mobil animals, and birds in particular, can respond quickly to
such multi-scalar changes. We took advantage of a long term study on the response of songbirds to land-use changes on four
Mediterranean islands in Corsica and Sardinia to explore the benefits of a multi-scale analysis of the relationships between
songbird distribution, vegetation structure and landscape dynamics. Field data and aerial photographs were used to describe
the vegetation at three different scales. Birds were censused by point counts. We used statistical variance decomposition
to study how bird distribution and vegetation at various scales were linked. We analysed multi-scale vegetation changes (floristic
composition, plot vegetation type, and landscape structure) and their consequences on bird distribution with multivariate
and non-parametrical tests. The distribution of most species was linked to at least two spatial scales. The weight of a given
scale was consistent with life-history traits for species whose biology was well-known. In the examples studied, vegetation
composition, vegetation type and landscape changes that resulted from land abandonment negatively affected birds depending
on open or heterogeneous areas. Our results emphasize that multi-scale analyses can greatly enhance our understanding of bird
distribution and of their changes. Management of these populations should take into account measures at various spatial scales
depending on the sensitivity of the species. 相似文献
50.
为明确华北棉区棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera田间种群对3种常用杀虫剂的抗性,于2014—2015年和2018—2019年分别采集河南、河北、山东和山西4个省的棉铃虫田间种群,采用浸叶法于室内测定棉铃虫对辛硫磷、三氟氯氰菊酯和甲维盐的抗性水平。结果表明,各监测点棉铃虫对辛硫磷处于中等水平抗性,在2014—2015年和2018—2019年的抗性倍数分别为13.0~58.5倍和21.1~55.3倍,棉铃虫对辛硫磷的抗性发展相对缓慢;各监测点棉铃虫种群对三氟氯氰菊酯已产生中等至高水平抗性,并呈现逐年上升的趋势,其中河北沧县、河南安阳、山西盐湖种群的抗性倍数由2014年的61.0倍、22.5倍和24.0倍上升至2019年的91.1倍、44.7倍和61.3倍,山东夏津种群的抗性最高,2019年抗性倍数达到216.3倍;棉铃虫种群对甲维盐表现为低至中等水平抗性,河北沧县、河南安阳、山西盐湖和山东夏津种群的抗性倍数分别为8.2~40.4倍、5.8~16.6倍、5.5~23.4倍和11.0~36.6倍。表明4个监测地区的棉铃虫田间种群对3种杀虫剂已经产生了不同程度的抗性,建议减少这3种杀虫剂的使用频次,并注意与其他杀虫剂交替轮换使用,以延缓棉铃虫抗药性的发展。 相似文献