诱导剂对番木瓜环斑病毒病的防治效果

为了探讨水杨酸、茉莉酸甲酯和壳聚糖对番木瓜环斑病毒病的病情指数和防治效果的影响,在番木瓜上喷施不同浓度的诱导剂,然后在叶腋处接种番木瓜环斑病毒,观察和记录番木瓜的病情指数,计算其防治效果.结果表明,诱导剂提高了番木瓜对环斑病毒病的抗性,其中水杨酸的效果优于茉莉酸甲酯和壳聚糖.水杨酸、茉莉酸甲酯和壳聚糖的最佳施用浓度分别为50 mg/L、0.05 mmol/L和1％,最佳防治效果则分别为77.19％、53.11％和22.95％.水杨酸、茉莉酸甲酯、壳聚糖与对照之间的防治效果差异极显著,3种诱导剂在最佳浓度下防治效果差异极显著.50 mg/L水杨酸对番木瓜环斑病毒病防治效果最佳,在生产上施用具有一定的经济效益.     

水杨酸诱导水稻幼苗抗瘟性的生化机制

 以0.01mM水杨酸(SA)喷雾处理或稻瘟菌孢子悬浮液接种稻苗后,叶片中苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和定位于细胞不同部位的过氧化物酶(POD),特别是与细胞壁结合的POD和细胞间隙POD的活性迅速升高,但没有明显的新POD同功酶带出现。同时叶片中木质素含量迅速增加。在SA处理后的稻叶中提取到能抑制稻瘟菌分生孢子萌发、含有Momilactone A的抑菌物质,并检测到分子量分别为48、52、59、106.5KDa的碱性病程相关蛋白(PRs)。这些生化指标的时序变化与SA诱导抗瘟性的表现相吻合。对SA诱导水稻幼苗抗瘟性的可能生化机理作了归纳。     

几种进境观赏植物根际香蕉穿孔线虫的鉴定和描述

香蕉穿孔线虫严重危害多种经济作物和观赏植物, 被中国和世界多数国家列为植物检疫有害生物。2006-2009年, 在对深圳隔离温室中的天南星科（Araceae）、竹芋科（Marantaceae）、棕榈科（Palmae）和凤梨科（Bromeliaceae）等观赏植物病害调查监测中, 从进境观赏植物红掌（Anthurium andraeanum）、孔雀竹芋（Calathea makoyana）和散尾葵（Chrysalidocarpus lutescens）上采集分离到一些植物寄生线虫, 其中有3个线虫种群经鉴定确认为香蕉穿孔线虫［Radopholus similis (Cobb,1893) Throne, 1949］, 本文对其形态特征进行了比较和描述。     

Multi-scale study of bird species distribution and of their response to vegetation change: a Mediterranean example

Land use changes operate at different scales. They trigger a cascade of effects that simultaneously modify the composition or structure of the landscape and of the local vegetation. Mobil animals, and birds in particular, can respond quickly to such multi-scalar changes. We took advantage of a long term study on the response of songbirds to land-use changes on four Mediterranean islands in Corsica and Sardinia to explore the benefits of a multi-scale analysis of the relationships between songbird distribution, vegetation structure and landscape dynamics. Field data and aerial photographs were used to describe the vegetation at three different scales. Birds were censused by point counts. We used statistical variance decomposition to study how bird distribution and vegetation at various scales were linked. We analysed multi-scale vegetation changes (floristic composition, plot vegetation type, and landscape structure) and their consequences on bird distribution with multivariate and non-parametrical tests. The distribution of most species was linked to at least two spatial scales. The weight of a given scale was consistent with life-history traits for species whose biology was well-known. In the examples studied, vegetation composition, vegetation type and landscape changes that resulted from land abandonment negatively affected birds depending on open or heterogeneous areas. Our results emphasize that multi-scale analyses can greatly enhance our understanding of bird distribution and of their changes. Management of these populations should take into account measures at various spatial scales depending on the sensitivity of the species.     

苯甲·嘧菌酯325克/升悬浮剂气相色谱分析方法研究

本文采用了气相色谱法,以邻苯二甲酸二壬酯为内标物,用HP-5毛细管柱和氢火焰离子化检测器对苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂进行分离和定量分析。结果表明,该方法测得苯醚甲环唑、嘧菌酯的线性相关系数为0．9999、1．0000;标准偏差为0．04、0．07;变异系数为0．36％、0．39％;平均回收率为99．9％、100．0％。     

蝴蝶兰组织培养中防褐化技术研究

以蝴蝶兰‘Dps.Jetgreen Mantefon’品种为试材,以继代培养获得的丛生芽为外植体,系统研究了2种吸附剂—活性炭(AC)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)及不同预处理(外植体4℃冷藏24 h、黑暗预处理5 d和黑暗预处理10 d)对蝴蝶兰组培中组织褐化的影响。结果表明:活性炭能有效防止褐化和促进生长,综合效果最佳。除外植体4℃冷藏24 h处理外,其余处理措施均可减轻组织褐化,但效果均不及活性炭。     

膨大素处理对葡萄果实性状的影响

以京亚和京秀两个葡萄品种为试材,以膨大素处理葡萄果实,结果表明:以花后15 d、浓度10 mg·kg-1的效果为最好.京亚和京秀两个品种座果率增加16.8%和10.3%;单果质量增加36.7%和28.7%;穗重增加47.9%和25.7%;果形指数减少0.036和0.048.果实中可溶性糖、有机酸和维生素C含量略有下降,增加果实的糖酸比.果实前期赤霉素含量增加,增加了果实的座果率;脱落酸含量的提高促进了代谢库细胞对同化物的吸收.     

黄曲霉毒素M1检测ELISA条件的优化及应用研究

采用黄曲霉毒素M1与牛血清白蛋白偶联物抗原免疫Balb/C小鼠获得特异性抗体。利用此抗体,进行间接竞争ELISA法试验,确定了最佳抗原包被反应浓度为1.0μg·mL^-1,最佳抗原包被条件为4℃过夜,一抗和酶标二抗IgG-HRP最佳工作浓度为1∶8000和1∶5000。建立间接竞争定量ELISA方法,该方法的最低检出限是0.08ng·mL^-1,间接竞争ELISA50%抑制率浓度为0.62ng·mL^-1,校正曲线的线性范围为0.04～5ng·mL^-1。在此优化条件下制备的抗体检测黄曲霉毒素M1具有很高的特异性和灵敏性,具有实际应用价值。     

达里湖高原鳅不同地理群体遗传多样性与遗传分化研究

为了解达里湖高原鳅不同群体遗传变异现状,本研究选择线粒体Cyt b基因作为分子标记,分析了红碱淖、大黑河、辉腾河及漳河4个群体的遗传多样性、遗传分化及种群历史动态。结果表明,67尾个体中共检测到16个变异位点和12个单倍型;不同群体的单倍型多样性范围为0.233~0.744,核苷酸多样性范围为0.00020~0.00860。其中,查干诺尔湖流域的辉腾河群体遗传多样性水平最高;黄河流域的红碱淖与大黑河群体单倍型多样性水平较高,核苷酸多样性水平较低;海河流域的漳河群体单倍型多样性与核苷酸多样性均较低。单倍型系统发育树和进化网络图显示,12个单倍型未聚类形成明显的谱系结构,多数单倍型为单一群体独有;除漳河群体外,其群体的单倍型混杂连接,未遵循各自的地理分布格局。遗传分化分析结果显示,群体间遗传分化指数范围为0.233~0.904,多为高度分化;分子方差分析表明遗传变异主要来源于群体间（66.31%）。种群历史动态分析未检测到达里湖高原鳅各地理群体及总体在近期经历过种群扩张。鉴于达里湖高原鳅已成为雅鲁藏布江外来鱼类,建议将达里湖高原鳅自然分布区内的各群体划定为不同保护单元并跟踪监测栖息地质量,同时加强对物种交易和放生活动的管控。     

Comparisons of carcass traits,meat quality,and serum metabolome between Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs

This study aims to compare the meat quality of Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs and to find the potential indicator in serum for superior meat quality. Six Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs at 30, 60, 90, 150, 210, and300 d of age were selected to examine carcass traits, meat quality, and serum metabolome. The results showed that the body weight, carcass length, and loin eye area of Shaziling pigs at 150, 210, and 300 d of age were significantly lower than those of Yorkshire pigs (P <0.05). Shaziling ...