日本对虾的实验室养殖研究

我们曾将发病残存的日本对虾继续养殖作为亲虾,进行夏季高温育苗,所得到的虾苗在实验室里桶养,证明在人工饲养条件下它们是可成活和生长的,本实验还提示,若能解决水质净化问题,日本对虾甚至有可能移至内陆养殖。     

丙酮酸、肌酸和丙酮酸肌酸的生物学功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用

丙酮酸肌酸（CrPyr）是丙酮酸和肌酸的复合物,既有促进机体生长发育、调节蛋白质和脂质代谢的作用,又弥补了丙酮酸易氧化、肌酸难溶于水的特性。本文介绍了丙酮酸、肌酸和CrPyr的生物学功能,以及在畜禽上的应用研究,以期为CrPyr在畜禽生产上的应用提供参考。     

镉对绿鳍马面鲀幼鱼急性毒性、肝脏抗氧化能力及组织结构的影响

本研究采用静水生物测试法测定了镉(Cd²⁺)对绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus septentrionalis)幼鱼的急性毒性。根据预实验结果,设定8.19、9.18、10.30、11.56 mg/L共4个Cd²⁺浓度梯度进行急性毒性实验,根据急性毒性实验结果,设定1.84、2.76、3.68和4.60mg/L4个不同浓度Cd²⁺急性暴露实验,分别在6、12、24、48、72和96 h检测肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽抗氧化酶(GSH-PX)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量,观察肝脏、鳃组织结构的变化。结果显示,随着Cd²⁺浓度的增加,急性毒性效应逐渐增强,24、48、72和96 h半致死浓度(LC50)分别为11.47、10.82、9.84和9.19 mg/L,Cd²⁺对绿鳍马面鲀幼鱼的96 h安全浓度为0.92 mg/L。6 h时,各浓度组SOD和CAT活性与对照组相比显著升高;6—48 h时,SOD、CAT、GSH-PX活性均呈先上升后下降的趋...     

Performance of four Chinese Trichogramma species as biocontrol agents of the rice striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis, under various temperature and humidity regimes

The striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), is one of the most economically important rice pests worldwide. However, biological control of this pest using natural enemies has rarely been documented. Indigenous natural populations of four Trichogramma species (i.e., T. japonicum, T. chilonis, T. dendrolimi, and T. ostriniae) were collected from the eggs of C. suppressalis in paddy fields. With the objective of screening suitable candidate species for controlling the striped stem borer, parasitism by these four Trichogramma species of the eggs of their native host, C. suppressalis, was evaluated at five temperatures (18, 22, 26, 30, and 34?°C) and four relative humidity (RH) regimes (30, 50, 70, and 90?%). The temperature and the humidity significantly affected the ability of all of the Trichogramma species to parasitize the eggs of their host. T. chilonis parasitized more eggs at 26?°C than at the other temperatures. By contrast, T. dendrolimi, T. ostriniae, and T. japonicum performed best within a wider temperature range. The host number parasitized was highest at 70?% RH and differed significantly among the Trichogramma species at all of the temperatures and humidities tested, except at 30?°C and 50?% RH. Generally, T. dendrolimi and T. japonicum performed better than the other species at 18–26 and 30–34?°C, respectively, whereas T. ostriniae parasitized the fewest host eggs at 30–70?% RH. Both T. dendrolimi and T. japonicum appear to be promising candidates for augmentative release against C. suppressalis in northeastern China.     

穴施液体施肥装置施肥机理的试验研究

利用自制的液体施肥装置试验台,对影响喷针流量的因素进行了室内试验,通过三因素二次回归旋转组合试验设计,研究分析了电机转速、曲柄转速和喷孔直径对喷针流量影响的规律,结果表明电机转速取高水平、曲柄转速取低水平、喷孔直径取高水平时,有利于提高喷针流量,同时预测了喷针流量的回归方程。     

Life History Process and Conservation of Korean Pine Populations in the Xiaoxing'an Mountains of Northeast ChinaThis research was supported by the UNDP Project CPR/96/109

分析了中国东北小兴安岭林区红松种群的生活史过程及其影响因素,对红松生活史的４个阶段进行了分析,并讨论了其进化和保护对策．红松的传粉和受精主要受天气条件的影响．林冠下的光照是控制红松幼苗生长和存活的主要因素．红松种子生产的周期性波动会引起有关动物种群的相应变化．动物是阔叶红松林生态系统中不可缺少的组成成分,松鼠在红松种群的天然更新中起着非常重要的作用．了解森林生态系统中物种的协同进化关系对于我们保护森林生物多样性和生态系统的完整性有着重要的意义．在红松的保护中,我们不仅要保护树木本身,而且还应当保护与红松相关的动物、生境乃至整个生态系统．     

Callus induction and plant regeneration from lateral shoots of herbaceous bamboo Mniochloa abersend

Callus induction and plant regeneration of Mniochloa abersend via lateral shoots were conducted in this study. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.0 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was effective for compact callus induction. Remarkably, calli on the MS medium with 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D yielded the highest folds of proliferation (8.01), and showed a high potential capacity to differentiate 1 year after subculture. In addition, the compact calli possessed 100% differentiation rate and generated more shoots that were green and strong in 1.0 mg/L kinetin and 1.0 mg/L NAA. Vigorous roots were generated in the 1/2MS supplemented with 0.5 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid, and the resultant plantlets exhibited 90% survival rate after they were hardened and transplanted. The established regeneration system of M. abersend provides a promising platform for bamboo gene function study.     

双孢蘑菇覆土层有益微生物消长规律

将土样制备成稀释液，采用平板涂布培养法，分析双孢蘑菇覆土期、充分发菌期，原基形成期、采收前和采收后2d5个时期土样中几种有益微生物和消长规律。结果表明，原基表成前和采收后，采白色和采收后2d5下时期土样中几种有益微生物的消化规律。结果表明，原其开前和采收后，采白色孢杆菌(Bacillus)、固氮苗（Azotobacter)和假单胞杆菌（Pseudomonas)数量增加；链霉菌（Streptomyces)数量增减比较平缓，而土灰色芽孢杆菌的数量一直呈下降趋势。     

冷藏库的管理

介绍了冷库的发展现状。根据冷库的特点,论述了冷库的管理方法,对我国冷库的设计与运行管理具有重要的意义。