北京市永定河沙地不同土地利用类型风蚀规律研究

选取北京市永定河沙地4种不同土地利用类型(耕地、林地、荒草地、河滩地)作为试验地,对不同下垫面的起沙风速、下垫粗糙度、输沙量、风沙流结构、土壤机械组成、土壤风蚀量进行研究。结果表明:1)不同利用类型起沙风速及粗糙度大小顺序为:林地>荒草地>耕地>稀疏荒草地>河滩地;2)不同下垫面在相同风速时的输沙量明显不同,近地面0～20cm随高度增加输沙率逐渐减少,不同下垫面的风沙流结构垂直分布明显不同;3)河滩地和稀疏荒草地的机械组成主要以细沙为主;耕地、林地、荒草地主要由细沙、极细沙以及粉沙组成。4)不同利用类型在相同时间内风蚀量与风积量不同;5)建议对区域风沙治理主要从两个方面进行:提高未利用地的植被覆盖度;改变农业耕作技术措施。     

Variation of sapflow velocity in Eucalyptus globulus with position in sapwood and use of a correction coefficient

Sapflow sensors were used to investigate variation in sapflow velocity at different positions in the sapwood of three-year-old Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus Labill. trees. Sapflow velocity was measured at 5-mm intervals across the sapwood by moving two probe sets simultaneously on two opposite radii. Another probe set placed in a fixed position at right angles to the first two sets acted as a control. A sapflow velocity ratio was defined as the velocity given by each moving sensor divided by that given by the static sensor. Correlation between observations of sapflow velocity at different positions exceeded 95%, and the ratio of velocity between any pair of sensors was constant. We observed radial variation in sapflow velocity across the sapwood with the lowest velocities at the center of the tree. Variation due to sensor position was high implying the need for large numbers of sensors for accurate estimates of sap flux. To overcome this need, we used a correction coefficient, namely a simple weighted average of the sapflow ratios with depth in the sapwood, for each fixed sensor. We recommend the use of three probe sets to estimate the correction coefficient. Subsequently, two probe sets can be placed at two fixed positions for routine measurements of sap flux.     

田间供水与杨树生长关系的研究——Ⅰ.供水处理对杨树生长、树体结构和叶量的影响

在集约栽培的杨树人工林中作了小区灌溉试验,进行了林木生长指标、水分生理指标与供水量关系的研究。结果表明,供水大大促进了林木生长,其树高、胸径和材积的年增长量均随供水量的提高而增加。1983—1986年其树高、胸径、材积分别比对照增加 17.2—24.6％、10.7—22.1％和22.0—42.6％。供水还影响到树体的结构,有利于同化产物向枝条中运输与积累,促进了树干、枝条、叶数与叶面积的增长。     

内蒙古可持续发展指标体系设计及评价方法研究

通过对内蒙古可持续发展评价指标体系和方法的初步研究，设计出了包括可持续发展综合指数1个目标层、人口状况等5个准则层和人口自然增长率等28个评价指标的层次性指标体系，并利用均方差权数决策方法，对区域可持续发展进行全面分析和定量评价。     

生物多样性的形成、维持机制及其宏观研究方法

关于生物多样性的形成与维持机制 ,虽有众多假说 ,但均未形成完善的理论体系。不同的学者从不同的角度出发 ,研究了诸多生态因子与生物多样性的关系 ,得出了许多结论、导出了不少争议。本文主要简述了生物因子 (如生产力、生物量、种间关系、土壤微生物 )和非生物因子 (干扰与空间异质性、气候、土壤因子等 )与生物多样性之间的相互作用机理、人类活动对生物多样性的影响 ,以及在生物多样性影响机制研究中所用的 3S技术与数学方法。总之 ,我们应坚持综合作用的观念 ,从不同的时间和空间尺度、在不同的对象层次上 ,全面、深入地研究各类生物和非生物因子与生物多样性之间的相互作用机理 ,才能得出关于生物多样性的形成与维持机制的全面、完善的理论     

水产养殖与渔业水域环境的关系

本文主要论述了我国渔业水域环境近况及其与水产养殖的关系，最后综合各种水产养殖用水净化技术，提出了可持续发展的养殖模式及水质处理技术。     

励珂健喷剂对10日龄内仔猪腹泻和免疫力的影响

为研究励珂健喷剂（主要成分：杨树花提取物）对10日龄内仔猪腹泻和免疫力的影响,将18头PIC母猪随机分成3组,每组6头,分别为蒸馏水组、土霉素组和励珂健喷剂组,蒸馏水组仔猪1、3、5日龄时皮肤喷洒蒸馏水1 m L/头/d,土霉素组仔猪3、7日龄时分别肌肉注射20%长效土霉素注射液0.2 m L/头/d、0.5m L/头/d,励珂健喷剂组仔猪1、3、5日龄时皮肤喷洒励珂健喷剂1 m L/头/d。结果表明,励珂健喷剂可有效降低10日龄内仔猪的腹泻率和发病率,且励珂健喷剂组腹泻仔猪的治愈速度快于土霉素组和蒸馏水组。由此证明：励珂健喷剂对10日龄内仔猪腹泻有防治作用,并且还可以增强仔猪的免疫力。     

Effects of magnesium on the performance of sows and their piglets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplemental magnesium (Mg) on the performance of gilts and parity 3 sows and their piglets. Fifty-six gilts (Trial 1) and 56 sows (Trial 2) were assigned to one of 4 treatments according to their mating weight, respectively. The treatments comprised corn-soybean meal based gestation and lactation diets (0.21% magnesium) supplemented with 0, 0.015, 0.03, or 0.045% Mg from mating until weaning. The results showed that magnesium supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the weaning to estrus interval in both gilts and sows. There were significant effects (P < 0.05) of supplemental magnesium on the total number of piglets born, born alive and weaned in sows. In late gestation and lactation, the digestibility of crude fiber (quadratic effects, P < 0.05), and crude protein (P < 0.05), were significantly influenced by magnesium in gilts and sows, respectively. There were differences among the 4 groups in terms of the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude fiber in sows (P < 0.05) during both early and late gestation. The apparent digestibility of gross energy was increased for sows in late gestation (P < 0.05), and lactation (quadratic effects, P < 0.05). At farrowing and weaning, serum prolactin levels and alkaline phosphate activities linearly increased in sows as the Mg supplementation increased (P < 0.05). Serum Mg of sows at farrowing and serum urea nitrogen of sows at weaning was significantly influenced by Mg supplementation (P < 0.05). The Mg concentration in sow colostrum and the serum of their piglets were increased by supplemental magnesium (P < 0.05). In addition, growth hormone levels were linearly elevated (P < 0.05) in the serum of piglets suckling sows. Our data demonstrated that supplemental magnesium has the potential to improve the reproduction performance of sows, and the suitable supplemental dose ranged from 0.015% to 0.03%.     

海南岛热带针阔叶林交错区群落环境特征

采用样带法,以海南岛霸王岭林区典型的热带针叶林与阔叶林交错区为研究对象,分析不同群落类型环境因子变化特征及研究区域内环境因子的综合特征。结果表明：随着林分经针阔交错区的变化,土壤 pH、土壤有机质含量、全氮含量、有效氮含量、有效磷含量和有效钾含量都表现为阔叶林区＞针阔交错区＞针叶林区,全钾含量、凋落物厚度和群落类型光因子表现为针叶林区＞针阔交错区＞阔叶林区,土壤含水量、全磷含量和土壤砂砾含量变化不显著;3种群落类型环境因子的相关性分析表明,除土壤含水量和全磷含量与其他环境因子之间无显著相关外,其他因子间都显著相关;3种群落类型环境因子的主成分分析表明,土壤 pH、土壤有机质含量、凋落物厚度和光因子对第1轴的贡献最大,全氮含量和有效磷含量对第2轴的贡献最大。