Phylogenetic analysis of S1 gene of infectious bronchitis virus isolates from China

Between 2006 and 2009, seven strains of infectious bronchitis (IB) virus (IBV) were isolated from vaccinated chicken flocks on different chicken farms in China. The pathogenic characters of seven IBV strains were assessed. Each of the seven strains was infective to the test chickens and could induce an immune response. The results from chicken embryo cross-neutralization assays showed that these strains were antigenically distinct from classic IBV strains of H120, M41, Conn, and Gray. Compared to H120 vaccine strain, point mutation, short insertion, and deletion occurred at many positions in the S1 protein of the seven strains. Five of the seven strains had the motif (HRRRR), which was identical to that of the epidemic IBV strains in China. Two new motifs (HRLRR and RRIRR) emerged in the isolated strains. The homology of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the S1 gene among the seven isolates was 81.7%-99.7% and 79.0%-99.4%, respectively. These seven strains were also genetically different from the vaccine strains and non-China IBV strains but closely related to large numbers of Chinese strains. The seven isolates and 36 reference IBV strains were clustered into six distinct groups (I-VI). The seven strains were categorized into groups I, II, and III, forming a big phylogenetic branch, which is closely related to Chinese IBVs, whereas the vaccine strains belonging to group VI are genetically distant from groups I, II, and III. The results from this study indicate that different IBV strains cocirculate in the chicken population in China.     

山羊胚胎分割及同卵双生试验

选择山羊晚期桑椹胚、囊胚、孵出囊胚和孵出增大胚泡,用简化分割法二分。将19对裸半胚移植于18只受体羊,结果有12只妊娠,其中两只胚胎消失,两只流产,其余8只足月分娩,共产半胚羔11只。晚期桑椹胚、囊胚、孵出囊胚和孵出增大胚泡各组的半胚发育为羔羊的发育率分别为12.5％(1/8)、20％(2/10)、25％(3/12)和62.5％(5/8)。前三组均未获得同卵双生羔羊。在第四组,将4对裸半胚移植于4只受体,有3只妊娠,足月分娩半胚羔5只,其中两对为同卵双生。本研究证明,对称分割山羊孵出增大胚泡,不仅其半胚在体内仍可继续发育形成正常胎儿,而且不装透明带移植其裸半胚,仍能获得较高的同卵双生率。山羊孵出增大胚泡更适宜用简化分割法分割。     

常用饲料原料干物质及蛋白质在大足黑山羊瘤胃内降解规律的研究

选用4头体重相近的安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的周岁大足黑山羊阉羊,采用瘤胃尼龙袋法,测定常用的3类17种饲料原料干物质及蛋白质在瘤胃内的有效降解率。结果表明:干物质有效降解率由大到小的顺序为小麦、玉米、大米、高粱、麸皮、豆粕、菜粕、棉粕、玉米酒糟、花生秸、苜蓿干草、鱼粉、玉米秸、小麦秸、稻草、棉花秸、稻谷壳,蛋白质有效降解率由大到小的顺序为麸皮、小麦、玉米、大米、高粱、苜蓿干草、花生秸、玉米酒糟、豆粕、棉粕、菜粕、鱼粉、玉米秸、小麦秸、稻草、棉花秸、稻谷壳。     

控制高径比条件下崩岗土体的收缩开裂特性

崩岗土体的收缩开裂受到多种因素的影响。该研究为研究高径比对其影响,共设计10组高径比,通过定点拍照记录脱湿前与脱湿结束时的土体形态变化,结合数字图像处理技术进行定量分析,探讨在控制高径比条件下崩岗土体的收缩开裂规律。结果表明：1）崩岗4层土中,过渡层的裂隙性、径向收缩性能最强,砂土层最弱,两者之间的较大差异会严重破坏崩岗土体的稳定性与承载力,促使崩壁崩塌;2）高径比较小的试样裂隙发育明显,径向收缩不明显;高径比较大的试样无裂隙发育,径向收缩显著。其中,4层土由干缩开裂土样过渡至径向收缩土样的高径比具体临界值分别位于：0.147～0.160、0.160～0.183、0.160～0.183、0.134～0.147;3）当高径比相同时,即使高度、直径不一致,但其各裂隙参数、径向收缩率具备相似性,轴向收缩率随厚度的增加而增加;4)随高径比的增加,收缩含水率逐渐增大,开裂含水率逐渐减小,两者之间的差值可以表示脱湿过程中土体产生抗拉强度的大小。收缩开裂裂隙度、宽径比、径向收缩率随高径比的增加整体呈现增大的趋势,其余参数均呈现减小的趋势。其中,4层土中,过渡层的收缩开裂特性受高径比影响最显著,砂土层受影响程度最小。研究结果可为揭示崩岗崩塌机理提供科学依据。     

黔东南小香鸡的品种遗传资源特点及开发利用

目的探究日粮添加谷氨酰胺(glutamine,Gln)对黔东南小香鸡免疫器官指数及肠道免疫的影响。方法选取90羽体质量相近、健康状况良好的1日龄黔东南小香鸡,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复6羽。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在饲喂基础日粮中分别添加0.5% 和1.0%的Gln。饲养至42 d,每组随机选取10羽屠宰,采集血清,分离免疫器官,刮取空肠肠黏膜,用于后续测定。结果与对照组相比,0.5% Gln组黔东南小香鸡脾脏指数显著升高(P<0.05),1.0% Gln组的法氏囊指数、脾脏指数、胸腺指数、血清IgA、IgG和IgM含量及空肠黏膜sIgA分泌均显著升高(P<0.05),并且空肠黏膜的MUC1和MUC2 mRNA的相对表达量也显著增加(P<0.05)。结论黔东南小香鸡日粮添加1.0% Gln可促进免疫器官发育,增强肠道黏膜免疫功能。     

黑木耳简单快速组织分离新法

利用酒精、镊子对黑木耳耳片进行组织分离,方法方便、快捷,分离成功率100%。     

副猪嗜血杆菌病的临床症状与防治

副猪嗜血杆菌病是一种急性、典型猪传染病,对生猪生长发育的各个阶段都会产生不良影响,对膘情较好的保育阶段仔猪影响最为严重。由于副猪嗜血杆菌血清型多且细菌易产生耐药性,导致诊治困难。目前该病发病率日渐上升,为避免养猪生产因此造成巨大经济损失,需要结合日常预防和治疗,避免此病出现并进一步发展。文章综合叙述了副猪嗜血杆菌病原学、流行病学、临床病变及综合防治,以期为该病的防控与治疗提供参考。     

HSP90 gene expression induced by aspirin is associated with damage remission in a chicken myocardial cell culture exposed to heat stress

1. To understand the potential protection of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) induced by aspirin against heat stress damage in chicken myocardial cells, enzyme activities related to stress damage, cytopathological changes, the expression and distribution of HSP90, and HSP90 mRNA levels in the myocardial cells exposed to heat stress (42°C) for different durations with or without aspirin administration (1 mg/ml, 2 h prior) in vitro were investigated.

2. Significant increase of enzyme levels in the supernatant of heat-stressed myocardial cells and cellular lesions characterised by acute degeneration, karyopyknosis and karyorrhexis were observed, compared to non-treated cells. However, the lesions of cells treated with aspirin were milder, characterised by earlier recovery of enzyme levels to the control levels and no obvious heat stress-related cellular necrosis.

3. Stronger positive signals in the cytoplasm and longer retention of HSP90 signal in nuclei were observed in aspirin-treated myocardial cells than those of only heat-stressed cells. HSP90 level in the aspirin-treated myocardial cells was 11.1-fold higher than that in non-treated cells, and remained at a high level at the early stage of heat stress, whereas it was just 4.1-fold higher in only heat-stressed cells and returned rapidly to a low level.

4. Overexpression of HSP90 mRNA in aspirin-treated cells was observed throughout the experiment, whereas HSP90 mRNA decreased significantly only in heat-stressed cells.

5. The early higher HSP90 expression induced by aspirin during heat stress was accompanied by decreased heat stress damage, suggesting that aspirin might play an important role in preventing myocardial cells from heat stress damage in vitro.

     

利用香菇菌糠栽培罗勒初探

以香菇菌糠为试材,采用不同比例的香菇菌糠和花园土、砂土的混合基质种植罗勒,测定其发芽率、形态指标以及生理指标,研究了香菇菌糠对罗勒幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:适宜种植罗勒的菌糠配方为花园土、菌糠、砂子=6∶1∶1;不同比例的菌糠配方对罗勒的发芽率有一定影响,随着菌糠比例的不断增加,罗勒的发芽率也不断提高,发芽时间也随菌糠的增加有一定缩短;该试验为菌糠的循环利用开辟了一条新的途径。     

外源乙烯和1-甲基环丙烯处理对采后胡萝卜品质的影响

以胡萝卜为试材,采用乙烯及乙烯受体抑制剂(1-甲基环丙烯)处理,通过对贮藏60d后胡萝卜的品质劣变率(长须根率、腐烂指数、出薹率)、外观指数、可溶性糖含量及多酚氧化酶活性进行测定,研究了1-MCP对胡萝卜采后贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:1-MCP结合手洗贮藏可抑制胡萝卜贮藏期间的品质劣变率、抑制可溶性糖含量的损失、保持较高的外观指数及抑制多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性。手洗后贮藏则可有效改善胡萝卜贮藏期间的表皮褐变问题。