五种西方蜜蜂品种形态指标差异性比较

采集吉林的东北黑蜂×意蜂、云南景洪的浙大蜜浆蜜胶、云南景洪的白山6号、云南个旧蛮耗的本地王和云南蒙自草坝的浙大蜜浆高产5种西方蜜蜂子代工蜂共8群样本,每群测定分析15只,测定每只工蜂38个形态指标。结果表明不同生产性能的西方蜜蜂在形态特征上都表现出差异性(P≤0.01,或0.01P≤0.05,或P0.05),通过实验,为蜜蜂生产上培育杂种优势西方蜜蜂品种提供有力的理论依据。     

缓释肥处理下麦田土壤细菌和真菌群落对气候变化的响应

采用控制系统来模拟未来大气CO₂浓度和气温升高的气候变化情景,借助基于半导体芯片技术的IonS5TMXL测序平台并结合相关生物信息学方法对气候变化背景下缓释肥处理的麦田土壤进行16S rRNA细菌V4区和18S rRNA真菌ITS区测序分析,探究了缓释肥处理下麦田土壤细菌和真菌对气候变化的响应。结果显示,所有样品测序后获得细菌和真菌平均有效序列数分别是80543和64303个,平均OTUs分别是3149和1161个。Alpha多样性分析显示,大气CO₂浓度升高小麦土壤细菌的Shannon和Chao1指数均降低,而土壤真菌在各气候环境下均无显著差异。主成分分析显示,各处理下土壤细菌群落结构差异不明显,真菌群落结构在气温升高时差异明显。缓释肥处理与普通肥相比,土壤细菌和真菌的Alpha多样性及群落结构在不同气候条件下均没有差异。菌群分类学表明,小麦土壤的优势细菌门为变形菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门和酸杆菌门,主要的优势细菌属有9种;优势真菌门为子囊菌门、被孢菌门和担子菌门,主要的优势真菌属有7种。大气CO₂浓度升高条件下,施用普通尿素使变形菌门和鞘氨醇单胞菌属的相对丰度分别增加10.34%和46.27%。在对照温度对照CO₂浓度条件下,缓释肥处理比普通肥处理使子囊菌门和毛壳菌属相对丰度分别显著增加39.85%和295.33%;在升高温度对照CO₂浓度条件下,缓释肥处理比普通肥处理使子囊菌门和毛壳菌属分别增加33.16%和154.49%。CO₂对变形菌门、鞘氨醇单胞菌属和毛壳菌属的影响达显著水平。在各气候变化环境下,各土壤理化性质均有所改善;与普通氮肥相比,缓释氮肥处理在各气候环境下土壤有机质、碱解氮和全氮含量降低,土壤有效磷和总磷含量升高。冗余分析表明,土壤细菌群落结构主要受土壤全氮和盐分含量的影响,而真菌群落结构主要受土壤pH和有效磷含量的影响。研究结果表明,未来气候环境变化对土壤微生物群落的影响大于缓释肥处理。该结果加深了缓释肥对土壤微生物群落结构和多样性影响的认识,为未来气候环境变化下缓释肥推广使用提供理论依据。     

In vitro Selection of DNAAptamers and Fluorescence-Based Recognition for Rapid Detection Listeria monocytogenes

Aptamers are specific nucleic acid sequences that can bind to a wide range of nucleic acid and non-nucleic acid targets with high affinity and specificity. Nucleic acid aptamers are selected in vitro from single stranded DNA or RNA ligands containing random sequences of up to a few hundred nucleotides. Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment （SELEX） was used to select and PCR amplify DNA sequences （aptamers） capable of binding to and detecting Listeria monocytogenes, one of the major food-borne pathogens. A simplified affinity separation approach was employed, in which L. monocytogenes in exponential （log） phase of growth was used as the separation target. A fluorescently-labeled aptamer assay scheme was devised for detecting L. monoeytogenes. This report described a novel approach to the detection of L. monocytogenes using DNA aptamers. Aptamers were developed by nine rounds of SELEX. A high affinity aptamer was successfully selected from the initial random DNA pool, and its secondary structure was also investigated. One of aptamers named e01 with the highest affinity was further tested in aptamer-peroxidase and aptamer-fluorescence staining protocols. This study has proved the principle that the whole-cell SELEX could be a promising technique to design aptamer-based molecular probes for dectection of pathogenic microorganisms without tedious isolation and purification of complex markers or targets.     

Nitrogen Deficiency Limited the Improvement of Photosynthesis in Maize by Elevated CO2 Under Drought

Global environmental change affects plant physiological and ecosystem processes. The interaction of elevated CO2, drought and nitrogen （N） deficiency result in complex responses of C4 species photosynthetic process that challenge our current understanding. An experiment of maize （Zea mays L.） involving CO2 concentrations （380 or 750 μmol mol1, climate chamber）, osmotic stresses （10% PEG-6000, -0.32 MPa） and nitrogen constraints （N deficiency treated since the 144th drought hour） was carried out to investigate its photosynthesis capacity and leaf nitrogen use efficiency. Elevated CO2 could alleviate drought-induced photosynthetic limitation through increasing capacity of PEPC carboxylation （Vp~,x） and decreasing stomatal limitations （SL）. The N deficiency exacerbated drought-induced photosynthesis limitations in ambient CO2. Elevated CO2 partially alleviated the limitation induced by drought and N deficiency through improving the capacity of Rubisco carboxylation （Vmax） and decreasing SL. Plants with N deficiency transported more N to their leaves at elevated CO2, leading to a high photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency but low whole-plant nitrogen-use efficiency. The stress mitigation by elevated CO2 under N deficiency conditions was not enough to improving plant N use efficiency and biomass accumulation. The study demonstrated that elevated CO2 could alleviate drought-induced photosynthesis limitation, but the alleviation varied with N supplies.     

山东省城市开发建设项目雨水综合利用研究

山东省雨水资源匮乏,对城市开发建设项目采取雨水综合利用,不仅可以缓解水资源危机,有效减少地表径流,减轻城市排水和河道行洪压力,而且能够从源头上控制城市水体污染.对山东省开发建设项目雨水综合利用现状及存在的问题进行分析,结合不同类型城市开发建设项目的特点,总结出了山东省城市建筑小区建设、交通道路建设、公共设施建设、公园与景观绿地建设雨水综合利用形式.     

一个籼稻叶夹角新基因的激素敏感性分析和基因定位

本研究对一个叶夹角变小、叶片短而直立的突变体ser(Short and erect)进行了植物激素敏感性试验和基因定位。激素试验结果表明,ser对赤霉素(Gibberellic acid,GA)敏感而对油菜素内酯(Brassinolide,BR)敏感性降低。遗传分析结果表明,ser的直立叶性状受1对隐性单基因ser控制。在ser×08CR578 F2群体中,利用分子标记将ser基因定位在水稻第5染色体长臂上的标记RM3437与RM5454之间,ser基因距离2个标记的遗传距离分别为5.3c M和1.5 c M;在ser×L604 F2群体中,ser基因定位于第5染色体上标记RM18504与RM1237之间,距离2个标记的遗传距离分别为1.5 c M和2.1 c M。在2个群体中,ser基因均与标记RM18532共分离。本研究为进一步精细定位与克隆ser基因奠定了基础,也为解析水稻叶夹角变化机制及选育高产理想株型水稻提供了理论支撑和基因资源。     

红缘天牛越冬幼虫耐寒性研究

旨在探索红缘天牛越冬幼虫的耐寒性。采用热电偶法和昆虫生理生化的主要研究方法,测定越冬幼虫的过冷却点、冰点、含水率、脂肪含量、糖原含量和血淋巴中游离氨基酸种类及质量浓度,并分析上述指标变化与幼虫耐寒性的关系。结果表明:不同大小幼虫的过冷却点与冰点均无显著差异(P0.05);幼虫经5℃1d处理后,过冷却点升高,冰点降低,均呈现显著差异(P0.05);含水率由71.89%减至69.97%;血淋巴液中谷氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸和脯氨酸占总量的百分比均有所提高;脂肪和糖原含量变化差异不显著(P0.05)。研究结果说明:红缘天牛越冬幼虫具有较强的过冷却能力,通过调节血淋巴液中氨基酸质量浓度的变化抵御短时间低温环境变化,提高其对寒冷的适应能力。     

Survey and Analysis of Common Diseases of Laboratory Monkeys in Kunming Area

Survey and analysis of common diseases of laboratory monkeys are great significance to understand disease epidemiology, and formulate a set of scientific and reasonable measures for prevention and control disease, to improve the quantity and quality of laboratory monkeys, to ensure the accuracy of the animal experiment results. Through the investigation of the sick and dead animals of a large-scale laboratory monkeys breeding facility in Kunming area in 2014, the animals were classified depends on the main diseases, and the diseases were classified according to adult and juvenile animals, data were analyzed by Excel Office 2010 software. The results showed the common diseases of laboratory monkeys included the digestive system, respiratory system, trauma, reproductive system, and locomotor system disease, which were 47.45%, 13.06%, 12.10%, 11.46% and 8.92% separately; Common diseases included diarrhoea, soft tissue injuries, abortion, lobar pneumonia, dysentery, arthritis, intestinal pneumatosis, chronic colitis, and extreme bad nutrition, the ratio were 18.47%, 11.15%, 8.91%, 8.28%, 8.28%, 7.96%, 5.10%, 5.10% and 5.09% separately. Comprehensive analysis of common diseases and disease occurrence causes of the laboratory monkeys, suggesting that providing better quality laboratory monkeys for scientific research only by constantly improving the scientific breeding management level, constantly strengthening veterinary capacity, mastering the theoretical knowledge and scientific diagnosis method.     

长白山牛皮杜鹃组培苗与野生苗药用成分含量分析

采用HPLC法与紫外分光光度法分别测定了长白山牛皮杜鹃组培苗与野生苗中主要药用成分芦丁与单宁酸的含量。结果表明,芦丁在野生苗两年生老叶中含量最高,为2.54mg/g,野生苗嫩叶含量为1.68mg/g,愈伤组织含量为0.16mg/g,组培苗含量为0.08mg/g,组培叶含量为0.03mg/g,根中未检测到芦丁成分。单宁酸在野生苗老叶中含量最高,为91.54mg/g,野生苗嫩叶含量为45.87mg/g,野生苗根中为24.58mg/g,愈伤组织中含量为13.51mg/g,组培苗中含量为10.32mg/g,组培叶中含量为17.46mg/g。野生苗中芦丁与单宁酸含量均高于组培苗。     

加强基层野生动物行政管理工作的探讨

概括总结基层野生动物行政管理的重要性,并就如何加强基层野生动物行政管理提出了五个方面的意见。