Studies on mutlispecific resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes to benzimidazoles on dairy-goat farms

Multispecific resistance to benzimidazoles was studied in three selected farms. These farms had bred dairy goats for more than 15 years. The helminths were introduced with the goats at the establishment of the farms which afterwards remained isolated. Nematode resistance could then be related to their own management practices. Faecal egg count tests and egg hatch assays were performed to assess intensity of resistance. The generic (infective larvae in faecal cultures) and specific richness (adult worms) were assessed. The resistant species were Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Teladorsagia circumcincta, Haemonchus contortus and Oesophagostomum venulosum. Faecal egg count reduction tests and egg-hatch assays did not match exactly. Faecal larval counts after treatments gave a distorted picture of multispecific resistance: Haemonchus and Oesophagostomum were very largely over represented. The number of species found in the three farms was relatively low compared with other reports in goat farms of the area. This reduction of diversity might also be due in part to characteristics of breeding management and history (use of permanent pasture and introduction of goats at the establishment of farm).     

京郊杂粮生产发展浅谈

目前,粮食作物仍是京郊农业的主体,其与都市农业的发展关系值得探讨。杂粮由于在生产、生活、生态等方面适应都市农业发展的需求,近几年已作为京郊迅速发展的朝阳产业日益兴起。通过分析京郊杂粮生产现状和存在的问题。北京杂粮产业发展的方向,指出京郊应发展特色有机杂粮,杂粮产业应走与首都都市农业发展相协调的路子。     

紫花苜蓿受冻害后促进根颈枝条再生方法的研究

对蔚县苜蓿根颈冻害后切除冻伤部分处理的比较研究结果表明,处理区的根颈苗数、地上高度、地上生物量、分蘖丛数是对照区的1.6～2倍;处理区苜蓿的各个数量指标的b值大于对照处理苜蓿b值,说明除冻害根颈后苜蓿的生长比不除冻害根颈部分的苜蓿生长更为合理。通过除去苜蓿冻害部位,防止根系继续腐烂,保护了未冻害部分,增加了苜蓿发芽的有效部位。同时,使根系与地面的距离变短或露出地面,增加光照强度,提高地温,促使未冻害苜蓿根系发芽,返青提前增加产量。     

鸡空肠弯曲菌灭活苗的制备及其免疫保护试验研究

用分离到的空肠弯曲菌制备鸡空肠弯曲菌甲醛灭活疫苗 ,并进行了该病的免疫保护实验。制备 2× 10 9个 / m L浓度的细菌悬液 ,4m L / L浓度的甲醛溶液作用 12 h灭活后制成空肠弯曲菌灭活苗 ,免疫 2周龄的 SPF雏鸡 ,14 d后 ,进行攻击实验 ,观察其临床症状 ;并分别于感染后 7d和 14 d捕杀 ,观察病理学变化及进行细菌分离实验以揭示其保护率。结果表明 ,鸡空肠弯曲菌灭活苗的保护率可达 10 0 % ,说明该苗经口免疫后安全可靠 ,无毒副作用     

铬在增强畜禽抗应激与免疫机能中的作用

铬是动物所必需的一种微量元素，在动物体内碳水化合物，蛋白质，脂肪的代谢起重要作用。近年来研究发现铬的抗应激和提高免疫机能上有特殊的作用。本文就这一热点问题进行综述。     

新的β-二氢沉香呋喃倍半萜多元酯和生物碱的HR-FABMS研究

利用高分辨快原子轰击质谱(HR-FABMS),以(甘油 氯化钠)为基质测定了9个新的β-二氢沉香呋喃倍半萜多酯和生物碱的HR-FABMS。结果表明,所有该类化合物均可以精确地获得[M Na] ,[M H] ,[M H-H2O] 等特征离子的质量和元素组成,从而方便地获得原有该类化合物的分子量和分子式。     

中国巴马小型猪内源性反转录病毒的检测

目的 :对我国特有巴马小型猪内源性反转录病毒 ( porcine endogenous retrovirus,PERV)的存在与 m RNA的表达情况进行检测 ,了解巴马小型猪内源性反转录病毒的携带情况。方法 :根据以往建立的 PCR、RT-PCR检测方法 ,对来自于巴马小型猪外周血淋巴细胞的 DNA和RNA样品进行 PERV核心蛋白基因 ( gag)、多聚酶基因 ( pol)及囊膜基因 ( env)的存在与表达进行检测 ;同时 ,根据目前通用的 env基因分型方法检测 PERV env-A、env-B、env-C的存在与表达。结果 :在 1 2个被检的 DNA样品中均检出了PERV特异性 DNA的存在 ;同样 ,在 1 2个被检的 RNA样品中均有 PERV特异性 RNA的表达 ,且所表达的 PERV均为 A型和 B型 ;其中有9个 DNA样品检测出 PERV-C型的存在 ,所有样品中均未检出 C型 PERV的表达。结论 :检测结果表明 1 2个被检巴马小型猪基因组中存在着内源性反转录病毒序列 ,且能以 m RNA的形式表达 ,这一结果为我国特有小型猪的开发、利用及其病毒安全性评价奠定了基础。     

Verification by polymerase chain reaction of vertical transmission of Theileria sergenti in cows

To evaluate the transplacental transfer of Theileria sergenti infection in cattle, we used DNA probes to detect T. sergenti in 6 pregnant cows and their calves. All the animals were monitored by parasitologic, serologic, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for a predicted 875-base-pair (bp) DNA product and a 684-bp amplicon detected by nested PCR in the blood and spleens of aborted fetuses. An open reading frame (ORF) starting at nucleotide 170 and terminating at position 1021 was shown to code for a polypeptide of 283 amino acid residues. All 6 dams and 5 calves were positive for T. sergenti in all tests. One calf was positive only with nested PCR. We conclude that transplacental transmission of T. sergenti is a significant problem. The relevance of the data in the programmed introduction of new (especially pregnant) animals into established clean herds needs serious consideration with regard to control of theileriosis and other tickborne diseases.     

高原瘦肉型猪肥育性能与胴体品质分析

选择59头高原瘦肉型猪，断奶后每个血统选用5～9头公猪为一组，经育肥达90kg体重屠宰，测定其胴体性状和胴体品质，测定结果表明全期日增重均在500g以上，但各世代有差异，其胴体品质较之互助猪有了明显提高。