Evolutionary analysis of plant jacalin-related lectins (JRLs) family and expression of rice JRLs in response to Magnaporthe oryzae

Jacalin-related lectins (JRLs) are widely distributed carbohydrate-binding proteins in the plant kingdom, which play key roles in development and pathogen defense. In this study, we profiled evolutionary trajectory of JRLs family in 30 plant species and identified domain diversification and recombination leading to different responsive patterns of JRLs in rice during defense against rice blast. All of 30 plant species analyzed in our study have two types of JRLs by containing either a single jacalin or repeated jacalin domains, while chimeric jacalins exist in more than half of the species, especially in the Poaceae family. Moreover, Poaceae species have evolved two types of unique chimeric JRLs by fusing the jacalin domain(s) with dirigent or NB_ARC domain, some of which positively regulate plant immunity. Seven Poaceae-specific JRLs are found in the rice genome. We further found expression of rice JRLs, including four Poaceae-specific JRLs, are induced by Magnaporthe oryzae infections at either early or late infection stages. Overall, the results present the evolutionary trajectory of JRLs in plant and highlight essential roles of Poaceae specific JRLs against pathogen attacks in rice.     

兔源巴氏杆菌分离与鉴定

【目的】研究引起石河子地区某养兔合作社兔不明原因大量死亡的主要病原菌及其耐药性。【方法】采用常规细菌分离培养、形态学观察、生化试验、PCR鉴定及荚膜血清分型、致病性试验、药敏试验明确主要致病菌及其生物学特性。【结果】引起此次疾病的主要病原为荚膜血清A型多杀性巴氏杆菌,且具有较强的致病性,并伴有大肠杆菌混合感染;临床常用的30种抗菌药物中较为敏感的是第三代头孢菌素类如头孢哌酮、头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟,部分喹诺酮类抗生素如氧氟沙星、左氟沙星以及氟苯尼考等敏感,对其余20余种药物中度敏感或耐药,分离菌株呈现出不同程度的多重耐药性。【结论】荚膜血清A型巴氏杆菌是引起石河子地区兔大规模死亡的主要病原菌,且对临床常用抗菌药物耐药严重;充实了巴氏杆菌在引起该地区引起多种动物疾病的研究基础,为指导临床科学用药和防控提供依据。     

岛礁海域保护型人工鱼礁选址适宜性评价

为了提高人工鱼礁选址的有效性,实验以岛礁海域保护型人工鱼礁选址适宜性评价为例,基于多准则决策方法,结合专家系统、层次分析法、地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析对马鞍列岛海域进行了研究。通过文献综述和专家经验提取影响保护型人工鱼礁选址适宜性的主要准则(物理因素、生物因素和管理因素)和对应的次级准则(底部坡度、底质类型、海流、水深;渔获量、资源密度、幼鱼量、幼鱼扩散;与污染源距离、与航道距离、离岸距离)。通过两两比较法和层次分析法计算主要准则和次级准则的权重,结果显示,物理因素、生物因素和管理因素的权重分别为0.481、0.405、0.114。对应次级准则的权重为0.101、0.186、0.097、0.098、0.095、0.184、0.048、0.079、0.068、0.030、0.016。各准则图层叠加计算后的结果显示,马鞍列岛保护型人工鱼礁选址的适宜性具有空间异质性;海区底质类型、水深、资源密度与适宜性分布的对应分析表明,模型结果与适宜性准则的设置基本一致;高适宜性区域内已投放的人工鱼礁也表现出有效性。     

茶树细胞色素P450基因CYP71A26与CYP71B34的克隆及差异表达特征分析

利用NCBI茶树转录组数据库,以铁观音芽叶为材料,克隆了茶树细胞色素P450基因CYP71A26与CYP71B34的cDNA全长。CYP71A26与CYP71B34的cDNA全长分别为1β879βbp和1β764βbp,分别含有1β539βbp（编码513个氨基酸）和1β533βbp（编码511个氨基酸）的完整开发阅读框。氨基酸序列比对结果显示,CYP71A26与CYP71B34的同源性为42.47%,为2个亚家族基因。氨基酸结构分析表明,2个基因均具有植物P450的螺旋C（Helix C）、螺线I（Helix I）、螺线K（Helix K）、“Meander”区域序列和血红素结合域（Heme binding domain）的典型结构。进化树分析显示,CYP71A26与CYP71B34在分子进化树上分属两大分支,2个基因与其他物种亲缘关系的远近不同。三级结构模拟与功能域分析显示,CYP71A26与CYP71B34主要由N端的β折叠和C端的α螺旋结构组成,且2个基因均具有一个P450蛋白结构域（Pfam domain）。荧光定量PCR结果表明,CYP71A26与CYP71B34基因在不同茶树害虫为害的叶片中,分别表现出上调和下调表达的现象。而在冷热环境下,CYP71A26与CYP71B34基因分别表现出下调和上调表达的现象。表明茶树CYP71A26与CYP71B34基因均参与了生物（害虫）与非生物（温度）的胁迫响应,但两个基因表达相反,参与环节可能相反。     

农业科研基地建设规划的分析与思考——以中国热带农业科学院儋州院区基地为例

以中国热带农业科学院儋州院区科研试验基地建设规划为蓝本,对科研试验基地的基础设施建设现状及基地建设与管理存在的问题进行分析,从生态、节能和人性化方面提出了规划理念,同时对试验基地进行了功能分区规划,为农业试验基地规划与发展提供参考。     

南京市工业“三废”排放量环境库兹涅茨曲线分析

[目的]分析南京市工业"三废"排放量环境库兹涅茨曲线,为该市环境污染治理提供理论依据。[方法]选取了南京市25年(1990~2014年)工业"三废"(废水、废气、一般工业固体废物)排放量与人均GDP为计量数据基础,分析了南京市的环境库兹涅茨曲线。[结果]南京市工业废气符合倒"U"型曲线的左侧部分,拐点即将到来,GDP与工业废气之间的正相关关系即将打破;南京市工业废水符合正"U"型曲线的左侧部分,随着GDP的增长,仍呈现逐年递减的趋势;南京市一般固体废弃物则呈现出"N"型曲线,越过第2个转折点后,水环境压力还有可能随着经济的增长而增大。[结论]未来工业固废和目前处于高位的工业废气将是南京市工业"三废"污染的重点。     

超级稻深两优5814作烟后稻种植表现及高产栽培技术

深两优5814是用Y58S与丙4114配组而成的超级杂交水稻新品种,2009年通过国家农作物品种审定。邵武市和平镇引进作烟后稻种植,观察其主要特征特性,总结烟后稻高产栽培技术。     

Expressing p20 hairpin RNA of Citrus tristeza virus confers Citrus aurantium with tolerance/resistance against stem pitting and seedling yellow CTV strains

The Citrus tristeza virus(CTV) uses 3 silencing suppressor genes, p20, p23 and p25, to resist the attacks from its Citrus hosts. Inactivating these genes is therefore obviously a potential defensive option in addition to the current control strategies including aphid management and the use of mild strain cross protection. In this study, we cloned partial DNA fragments from the three genes, and used them to construct vectors for expressing hairpin RNAs(hp RNAs). To facilitate the formation of hp RNAs, the constructs were introduced in a loop structure. Following transformation of sour orange(Citrus aurantium) with these constructs, 8 p20 hp RNA(hp20) and 1 p25 hp RNA(hp25) expressing lines were obtained. The 7 hp20 transgenic lines were further characterized. Their reactions to CTV were tested following inoculation with CT14 A and/or TR-L514, both of which are severe strains. Results showed that 3 lines(hp20-5, hp20-6 and hp20-8) were completely resistant to TR-L514 under greenhouse conditions for no detectable viral load was found in their leaves by PCR. However, they exhibited only partial suppression of TR-L514 under screen house conditions since the virus was detected in their leaves, though 2 months later compared to non-transgenic controls. Further tests showed that hp20-5 was tolerant also to CT14 A under screen house conditions. The growth of hp20-5 was much better than others including the controls that were concurrently challenged with CT14 A. These results showed that expressing p20 hp RNA was sufficient to c onfer sour orange with CTV resistance/tolerance.     

草地划区轮牧饲养原则及设计

为了推进北方草地可持续集约放牧饲养管理,促进完善划区轮牧实验设计及目的,本文总结了放牧国际划区轮牧的10条原则:单位时间的产草量确定载畜率,拔节期指示春季放牧开始时间,开始恢复再生的时间决定放牧时间天数,放牧间隔日数决定放牧频次,计算确定区块数及区块面积,满足牲畜采食行为,充分利用饲草质量和营养,保证牲畜饮水充足,环境友好、易执行、可操作、有弹性。在此基础上,设计了1个划区轮牧实践参考方案,并论述了划区轮牧目标及管理评价标准,讨论了1条北方草地可持续集约养羊畜牧业的发展途径。     

向日葵秆和向日葵盘对绵羊营养价值的评定

试验选用6只体重28 kg左右安装永久瘤胃瘘管的甘肃高山细毛羯羊, 采用3×3无重复拉丁方设计, 通过消化代谢试验, 对向日葵秆和向日葵盘对绵羊的营养价值进行了评定。结果表明:向日葵秆和向日葵盘风干样品中干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗灰分、钙、磷分别为90.73%, 5.72%, 0.89%, 30.15%, 53.09%, 39.40%, 11.61%, 0.84%, 0.13%和89.63%, 11.84%, 2.13%, 12.48%, 23.51%, 15.41%, 14.04%, 0.97%, 0.29%;向日葵秆和向日葵盘对绵羊干物质消化率、氮消化率、氮存留率、有机物消化率、中性洗涤纤维消化率、酸性洗涤纤维消化率、钙消化率、磷消化率及消化能分别为61.61%, 65.37%, 34.72%, 65.19%, 48.18%, 44.89%, 29.10%, 26.07%, 8.75 MJ/kg和70.96%, 69.57%, 41.60%, 76.26%, 60.87%, 58.60%, 37.98%, 44.75%, 9.97 MJ/kg。饲粮中添加向日葵秆对绵羊瘤胃液中乙酸摩尔比及氨氮含量产生了显著的影响(P<0.05),对瘤胃液pH、总挥发性脂肪酸、丙酸摩尔比、丁酸摩尔比、其他酸摩尔比及瘤胃液中总氮、尿素氮、蛋白氮浓度均无显著影响(P>0.05);饲粮中添加向日葵盘对绵羊瘤胃液乙酸摩尔比、丙酸摩尔比和乙酸/丙酸产生了显著的影响(P<0.05),对pH、总挥发性脂肪酸、丁酸摩尔比、其他酸摩尔比和瘤胃液含氮量无显著影响(P>0.05)。