黄河上游重大生态功能区草地逆型演替植物多样性变化研究

基于5个样地、90个样方的野外调查资料,研究了玛曲县不同退化程度草地群落植物多样性和地上生物量变化情况。结果表明：多样性指数与丰富度指数、均匀度指数及地上生物量有显著线性关系,而与优势度指数呈显著负相关。原生地带性群落以及演替早期类群多样性、均匀度、盖度及地上总生物量最高,在极度退化阶段,地上总生物量最低,优势度指数最大,随着退化程度加剧,草地群落的盖度、物种多样性指数、均匀度指数均下降,毒杂草、莎草增多,禾草急剧下降,最终导致草地初级生产力的降低。     

基于订正后的CI指数分析近50年干旱对山西省玉米产量的影响

利用1961-2010年山西省气象站逐日气温和降水资料计算出逐日综合气象干旱指数(CI);通过对比CI指数与临近农田站1992-2010年的土壤墒情观测资料,分区域和发育期订正了玉米发生干旱时的CI指数评判标准.同时结合近50年山西省玉米单产资料,采用线性回归法分区域构建了山西省玉米干旱减产定量评估模型.结果表明,玉米不同发育期发生干旱的CI指数评判标准与传统的气象干旱等级划分标准差异较大.以晋南区为例,玉米播种至出苗期、拔节至抽雄期、乳熟至成熟期发生干旱的CI指数评判标准为≤-1.2,出苗至拔节期为≤-1.3,抽雄至乳熟期为≤-0.9.山西省玉米全生育期干旱累积指数与气象影响产量显著正相关,相关系数分别达到0.9335(晋北区)、0.6929(晋中区)和0.8041(晋南区);不同区域玉米干旱减产定量评估模型模拟的近50年玉米产量变化与实际气象影响产量通过Pearson相关性显著性检验,能较为准确地评估玉米发生干旱时的产量损失。     

早熟桃新品种‘美瑞’

‘美瑞’是从引自美国的桃品系‘美P3’的自然实生后代中选出的早熟新品种。花蔷薇形,花粉多。果实近圆形,平均单果质量203 g,大果297 g;果面深红色;果肉淡绿至黄白色,硬溶质,硬度高,风味甜,可溶性固形物含量12.1%。粘核。果实发育期89 d。产量较高,盛果期30 t ? hm-2以上。     

Over-expression of P21 attenuates cisplatin-induced HK-2 cells injury

AIM:To investigate the effect of P21 on cisplatin-induced renal tubular epithelial cells injury.METHODS:The expression of P21 at mRNA and protein levels in cisplatin treated human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) cells was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Over-expression of P21in the HK-2 cells was induced by the transfection of pcDNA3-P21. The cell viability and cell apoptosis were detected by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, the protein expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), caspase-3, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and phosphorylation level of eucaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) and protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) were detected by Western blot.RESULTS:Cisplatin increased the mRNA and protein levels of P21 in a time-and concentration-dependent manner in the HK-2 cells. Over-expression of P21 inhibited cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis, and down-regulated the expression of KIM-1 and NGAL. Furthermore, Over-expression of P21 decreased the protein levels of GRP78, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, CHOP and cleaved caspase-3.CONCLUSION:Over-expression of P21 attenuates cisplatin-induced HK-2 cells injury, and the mechanism may be related to the modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway and inhibition of cell apoptosis.     

我国草地贪夜蛾应急化学防控风险评估及对策

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith)是世界性重大农业迁飞害虫, 在我国已呈严重暴发态势, 对我国玉米等农作物生产安全构成严重威胁?农药防治是草地贪夜蛾应急防控中最有效的手段之一, 但是不合理的使用农药会对环境安全和施药人员带来潜在的风险?本文结合我国田间化学农药防治草地贪夜蛾的实践和效果, 评估了8种田间常用防治药剂的环境风险及其对施药人员的健康风险?推荐甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐?乙基多杀菌素?氯虫苯甲酰胺?虱螨脲作为草地贪夜蛾应急防控的首推农药, 甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒作为首推生物药剂, 高效氯氟氰菊酯和乙酰甲胺磷须谨慎使用?本研究从农药应用风险角度提出了具体的草地贪夜蛾合理用药建议, 以期为草地贪夜蛾的有效安全防控提供科学依据?     

不同形态钾肥对马铃薯产量及品质的影响

采用随机区组设计,研究了在施入等量钾肥的前提下,硫酸钾及氯化钾配施对马铃薯植株生育性状、氨基酸、钾含量等品质和产量及商品薯率的影响.结果表明,等量不同形态钾肥对植株株高和主茎数有一定的影响,对其他生育性状基本无影响;对块茎中蛋氨酸含量无显著影响,对其他类型氨基酸、总氨基酸、还原糖和钾含量有一定影响;对马铃薯产量、经济效...     

Effects of different active constituents of Gynostemma pentaphyllum on mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins in endothelial cells induced by ox-LDL

AIM To investigate the effects of different components of Gynostemma pentaphyllum ［gypenosides (Gps), gypenoside XLIX (GpXLIX) and ginsenoside Rb3 (GRb3)］ on mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins in endothelial cells induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). METHODS EA.hy926 cells were divided into control group, model group, Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group. The cells in control group were cultured only in DMEM complete medium. The cells in model group were treated with 100 mg/L ox-LDL for 48 h. The cells in Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group were treated with 100 mg/L ox-LDL for 24 h, and then treated with Gps, GpXLIX and GRb3 at 100 mg/L for another 24 h, respectively. The ATP content in each group was detected by ELISA. The expression levels of mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins, cytochrome C oxidase subunit 5a （Cox5a）, NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S1 （Ndufs1）, ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha (ATP5a) and cytochrome C (Cyt C）, were determined by Wes automatic Western blot quantitative analysis system and Western blot. RESULTS Compared with control group, the ATP content in model group was decreased (P<0.01). After drug intervention, the ATP content increased to different degrees in Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group (P<0.01). The results of Wes automatic Western blot quantitative analysis system were consistent with those of Western blot. These results showed that compared with control group, the protein expression of Cox5a, Ndufs1 and ATP5a in model group was decreased, and the protein expression of Cyt C was increased (P<0.01). After intervention, the protein expression of Cox5a, Ndufs1 and ATP5a was increased and the protein expression of Cyt C was decreased in Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Among them, the effect of Gps on the protein expression of Cox5a, Ndufs1 and Cyt C was significantly stronger than those of the 2 monomer components, and the effect of GRb3 was found to be superior in the 2 monomer components. The effect of GpXLIX on ATP5a protein was superior to the other 2 components. CONCLUSION Gynostemma total saponins and related active ingredients protect ox-LDL-induced endothelial cells by affecting mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins, thereby preventing and treating atherosclerosis.     

枇杷种质资源果实若干性状及相关性研究

对224份枇杷种质果实11个性状的分布情况及性状间的相关性进行了分析研究,结果表明：（1）枇杷种质资源果实的单果重、可溶性固形物含量、可食率、果实纵经、果实横径、果实侧径、果形指数、萼片长度、萼片基部宽度、萼筒宽度和深度等11个性状存在广泛的分布,变异系数在11.81%~48.92%之间,分布区间以单果重为最大,果形指数为最小;（2）果形指数不能完全反映果实形状;果形指数在0.91~1.10之间的种质果形最为丰富;（3）单果重与果实纵径、果实横径、果实侧径、萼片长度、萼片基部宽度、萼筒深度、可食率及果形指数等8个性状呈极显著正相关,与可溶性固形物含量呈极显著负相关;可食率与单果重、果实纵径、果实横径、果实侧径、萼片长度、萼片基部宽度、萼筒深度及果形指数等8个性状呈极显著正相关,与可溶性固形物含量呈显著负相关;果形指数与果实纵经、单果重、萼筒深度、可食率等4个性状呈极显著正相关,与可溶性固形物含量呈极显著负相关。     

日粮铜源及其水平对猪下丘脑生长抑素分泌的影响

选用军牧 1号断乳仔猪 75头 ,随机分为 5组 ,采用完全随机化设计进行生长试验 ,研究了 2种铜源 (硫酸铜、蛋氨酸铜 )、3个添加水平 (5、12 5、2 5 0 mg/ kg)的日粮对猪生长及生长抑素分泌的影响 ,同时研究了下丘脑儿茶酚胺的变化与生长抑素的关系。结果表明 :日粮中添加 12 5 m g/ kg(P <0 .0 1)、2 5 0 mg/ kg(P<0 .0 5 )硫酸铜 ,12 5 mg/ kg(P<0 .0 1)、2 5 0 mg/ kg(P<0 .0 5 )蛋氨酸铜 ,可显著提高仔猪增重 ;而上述添加 5 mg/ kg硫酸铜组猪下丘脑生长抑素含量为 2 2 5 .74 ng/ g组织 ,显著高于 12 5 mg/ kg(P<0 .0 5 )、2 5 0 mg/ kg(P<0 .0 5 )硫酸铜组和 12 5 mg/ kg(P<0 .0 1)、2 5 0mg/ kg(P<0 .0 1)蛋氨酸铜组。下丘脑生长抑素含量与去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺含量呈负相关关系 (P<0 .0 5 )。据此认为 ,高剂量铜通过调节儿茶酚胺代谢抑制下丘脑生长抑素分泌 ,是其促生长调控的途径之一     

秸秆覆盖量和覆盖时间对党参生长及光合特性的影响

试验以露地不覆盖(CK1)和地膜露头覆盖(CK2)为双对照,设置了移栽覆盖(A1)和出苗覆盖(A2)2个覆盖时间,4500 kg·hm-2(B1)、7500 kg·hm-2(B2)、10500 kg·hm-2(B3)、13500 kg·hm-2(B4)4个覆盖量,采用二因素随机区组设计,研究了秸秆覆盖量和覆盖时间对党参...