Probiotic efficiency of Bacillus sp. in Labeo rohita challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila: assessment of stress profile,haemato‐biochemical parameters and immune responses

Fish are always susceptible to a wide variety of deadly pathogens which cause a huge loss in aquaculture industries. In this investigation, we have demonstrated the in vivo probiotic efficiency of Bacillus sp. MVF1 (GenBank Acc. No. KP256503) in Labeo rohita challenged with pathogenic strain of Aeromonas hydrophila (MTCC 1739). To check the probiotic potential of the selected bacterial strain, fish were divided into four groups: control, D1, D2 and D3. A total of 100 days (70 days probiotic feeding + 71th day sampling and 28 days challenged test + 29th day sampling) of feeding trial was conducted. To establish the probiotic potential of Bacillus sp. MVF1, certain haematological parameters (haemoglobin, total erythrocyte and leucocyte count), serum biochemical parameters (total protein, albumin and globulin), immune parameters (serum lysozyme and total IgM levels) and hepatic stress profile (malondialdehyde production, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity) have been measured. Our results demonstrated that red blood cell number, white blood cell number and haemoglobin content were much higher in D2 group fish compared to other groups and control fish. Similarly, total protein contents, albumin concentration, globulin concentration, lysozyme activity and IgM production were also recorded to be highest in D2 group fish. This finding clearly indicated the probiotic potential of Bacillus sp. MVF1 in L. rohita. Furthermore, our results also demonstrated that 1 × 10⁷ CFU g^?1 feed (D2) provides better immunity compared to 1 × 10⁵ (D1) and 1 × 10⁹ (D3). Due to beneficial effects, the bacterium Bacillus sp. MVF1 might be useful in aquaculture industries to reduce the disease susceptibility.     

海水越冬池冰下浮游生物群落结构特征的研究

为了解海水越冬池浮游生物群落结构特征,对四口海水越冬池的主要理化因子及浮游生物状况进行了监测。共鉴定出浮游植物27种(属),其中常见或形成优势种群者主要有蛋白核小球藻、椭圆小球藻、布氏棕鞭藻、小环藻、前沟藻、海洋原甲藻、多甲藻、裸甲藻、光甲藻以及绿裸藻10种(属)。浮游植物总平均生物量为149.96mg/L,绿藻门所占比例最多,达97.87%,其分布状况是中、下层明显大于表层。原生动物和轮虫种类较少,前者主要为侠盗虫,平均数量为2737.3个/L,后者主要是喜冷疣毛轮虫和喜盐疣毛轮虫,平均数量为583个/L,分布特点均表层明显多于中、下层。桡足类种类主要有指状许水蚤、细巧华哲水蚤和近亲真宽水蚤等,数量上呈典型的下多上少的梯形分布。研究结果表明:浮游生物种、量及其分布状况是影响海水越冬池溶氧状况的关键因素之一。     

中华鲟神经内分泌多肽7B2基因克隆及组织特异性表达

以中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)脑垂体总RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR和RACE方法,获得中华鲟神经内分泌多肽(7B2)基因的3个重叠片段,测序后拼接得到986 bp全长基因序列,其中包括5'端非翻译区(5′-UTR)14 bp、3′端非翻译区(3-′UTR)261 bp和开放阅读框711 bp。翻译编码236个氨基酸。其中前43个氨基酸为7B2的信号肽。经BLAST比对发现中华鲟7B2蛋白的同源性与斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的相似性最高为82%。系统发育分析表明,中华鲟与斑马鱼亲缘关系最近。半定量RT-PCR分析表明:在脑中7B2 mRNA表达量最高,心脏、性腺、胰等组织中表达次之,肠、肾、皮肤等组织中少量表达,肝和鳃几乎不表达。     

Fishery biology of mud crabs <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scylla</Emphasis> spp. at Iriomote Island,Japan: species composition,catch, growth and size at sexual maturity

The fishery biology of mud crabs Scylla spp. was examined using baited traps and gill nets from September 2001 to August 2005 at Iriomote Island, Japan. To elucidate the growth of the crabs, artificially produced S. serrata juveniles were released and recaptured at the study site. The sizes at which 50% of females and males of S. serrata reached sexual maturity (SM₅₀) were estimated as an external carapace width (ECW) based on the morphology of the abdomen and the chela respectively. Two species, S. serrata and S. olivacea, were identified in the area with S. serrata being the dominant species (>95% of the catch). Changes in the mean ECW and the results of the release and recapture experiments suggested that the recruitment of young crabs to the fishery occurred from December/January to April/May. The SM₅₀ of females and males occurred at 132.4 and 150.7 mm ECW respectively. The body size composition of S. serrata revealed that immature crabs comprised approximately 40 and 65% of the catch for females and males respectively. To maintain a sustainable fishery for S. serrata, a minimum landing size based on the SM₅₀ estimates should be implemented as a fishing regulation.     

柑橘品种间糖积累差异的生理基础

 测定了本地早、柑、香柠檬和宫川汁囊中蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖、可滴定酸以及ABA的含量 ,分析了酸性转化酶 (AI)的活性 ,并模拟汁囊条件对蔗糖的酸水解进行了研究。结果表明 ,不同品种的糖含量和构成比例、酸含量、ABA含量以及AI活性都存在明显差异。在果实发育后期 ,汁囊中的ABA与糖含量都明显升高 ,呈极显著相关 ,表明ABA对糖的积累具有重要影响。本地早和宫川以积累蔗糖为主 ,香柠檬以积累己糖为主 ,柑介于二者之间。在酸度较高的香柠檬中 ,蔗糖的酸水解是影响汁囊中糖分构成的主要因素。在酸度较低的本地早、宫川和柑中 ,果实发育后期汁囊中的AI活性对糖分构成具有重要影响。     

精确施氮对苏玉20产量及群体质量的影响

为探明玉米超高产(≥13 500kg.hm-2)群体在本地的形成规律,以苏玉20为试材,通过不同的施氮水平及3:6:1的基肥、穗肥、粒肥施氮方案的试验,实现籽粒最高产量15 663.4kg.hm-2的目标。苏玉20超高产群体形成的规律为:促开花期有较大的LAI(达到7.0以上),并减缓灌浆期LAI下降速率,同时提高粒叶比;加大吐丝期干物质积累量和灌浆前期干物质积累速率,以促使整个生育期内总干物质积累量达到30 000kg.hm-2以上;减缓灌浆期净光合速率下降到40%以下。精确施氮可有效调节超高产群体质量,增加总粒数,进而提高产量。苏玉20籽粒产量(y)与施氮量(x)的关系为y=-0.472 1x2+430.79x-83 670(R2=0.985 6),其最佳施氮量、超高产施氮范围分别为456.2、407.9～504.6kg.hm-2。     

几种海藻中溴过氧化物酶的筛选及酶学性质

溴过氧化物酶(BrPOD)是具有特殊功能的过氧化物酶,海藻是其主要来源。对几种中国海域的红藻如角叉菜(Chondrus ocellatus)、龙须菜(Gracilaria sjoestedtii)、珊瑚藻(Corallina officinalis)进行了溴过氧化物酶的藻种筛选,并对酶活较高的珊瑚藻进行溴过氧化物酶分离纯化及性质的研究。通过硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-cellulose 52离子交换层析、Sephadex G-100凝胶层析等方法,从珊瑚藻中分离得到溴过氧化物酶。对该酶性质研究表明,该酶分子量较大,表观分子量为64 kD;溴化单氯甲酮的最适pH值为6.0;pH在5.0-9.0时酶活性稳定;在30-70℃温度范围内酶活性稳定;Ca2 、Co2 、Cu2 、Mn2 、NaF和EDTA等化合物使溴过氧化物酶活性下降,钒酸盐能提高酶活性。反应动力学实验表明,该酶对Br-、H2O2的Km分别为7.40 mmol/L和96.09μmol/L。     

栉孔扇贝对铜、铅、镉的累积效应

试验结果表明:当常规理化指标一致时,随着Cu、Pb、Cd质量浓度的升高,栉孔扇贝各组织的蓄积量明显升高;Cu、Cd在扇贝组织中蓄积量是内脏团>鳃>肌肉,Pb在扇贝组织中的蓄积量是鳃>内脏团>肌肉;当Cu、Pb、Cd质量浓度(0.1 mg/L)相同时,其鳃、内脏团、肌肉中重金属蓄积量的上升速率是Cu>Cd>Pb。     

海洋球型(Ocean Globe)网箱结构与特点介绍

自20世纪70年代开始，海洋抗风浪网箱养殖已成为各国实现提高海洋鱼类产量的主要手段之一，得到了普遍的重视和迅速地发展。本文主要介绍挪威最新研制的海洋球型网箱的结构、特点，供有关研究和生产单位参考。     

流溪河保护区鱼类群落结构及其时空变动

为了解流溪河光倒刺鲃国家级水产种质资源保护区鱼类群落结构,分析不同河段、不同季节鱼类群落多样性的变化,于2017年12月-2018年10月对保护区上、中、下游的鱼类开展了每个季度一次的调查。调查结果显示,共采集鱼类57种,隶属于5目14科50属,其中鲤形目43种、鲈形目6种、鲇形目5种,合鳃鱼目2种,鳉形目1种;计算57种鱼类的相对重要性指数,结果显示,尼罗罗非鱼、越南■及鲤鱼为2017-2018年度优势种;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数计算结果显示,下游鱼类群落的多样性及均匀度最高,夏季鱼类群落的多样性、丰富度及均匀度最高;各监测点之间的种类相似性系数显示,保护区上中游、上下游之间鱼类种类组成为中等不相似,中下游种类组成为中等相似,春夏、春冬、夏冬及夏秋季节鱼类种类组成为中等不相似,春秋、秋冬季节为中等相似;ABC分析结果显示,春、夏及冬季鱼类群落处于稳定状态,秋季处于中度干扰状态。