瘤胃内丁酸钠灌注对山羊瘤胃发酵类型的影响

本试验通过对青年山羊进行瘤胃丁酸钠灌注研究其对瘤胃发酵类型的影响。6只安装有瘤胃瘘管的山羊分为试验组(n=3)和对照组(n=3),每天饲喂精料2次,并自由采食羊草。试验组每日早晨喂食1 h后开始每天按体重灌注丁酸钠(0.3 g/kg),对照组灌注等量蒸馏水,持续14 d。于灌注期的第1,5,10和14天分别于灌注前1.5 h,灌注后2 h、4 h采集瘤胃液,以气相色谱测定挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的浓度。结果显示:灌注前、后,试验组瘤胃内乙酸、丙酸摩尔百分比和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度无显著变化;两组之间差异不显著。但试验组丁酸摩尔百分比在灌注2 h后显著上升(P<0.01),4 h后呈下降趋势,次日采食前恢复至正常生理范围。对照组与试验组pH在各采样时间点间基本无显著差异。试验表明青年山羊瘤胃灌注该剂量丁酸钠不引起瘤胃发酵类型的改变。     

开平立园

立园位于开平塘口镇北义乡,坐西向东,占地面积约为1101399平方米。它是塘口镇旅美华侨谢维立先生于二十世纪20年代开始兴建的,历时十年,民国25年（1936年）初步建成的。立园既有中国园林的韵味,又吸收欧美建筑的西洋情调,并将其巧妙地糅合在一起,主体园林的规划布局采用了西方的造园手法,即中轴对称的几何形平面构图和中西方结合的建筑造型,立园在中国华侨私人建造的园林中堪称一流,也是中国目前发现较为完整的中西结合的名园之一。     

硫营养对小麦、玉米碳、氮代谢中几项生理参数的影响

人工控制条件下生长的小麦、玉米分别培养在含0、0.5、1.0和2.0mM SO_4~(-2)4个硫营养水平的Hoagland 培养液中,对2—6周龄的植株进行了 RuBPCase、PEPCase、NR 的活性,叶片可溶性蛋白质含量,叶绿素 a 和 b 含量以及植株最终叶面积和总干重的测定。结果指出,硫营养不足影响了作物的碳、氮代谢,随着供硫量的增加,上述各参数值     

环太湖典型丘陵区不同土地利用下土壤磷素随地表径流迁移特征

在环太湖丘陵地区选择4种有代表性的土地利用类型进行野外原位试验，研究了自然降雨条件下磷素随地表径流的迁移特征。结果表明，各场降雨水相总磷的“次降雨径流平均浓度”呈对数正态分布。悬浮颗粒态磷是水相磷素迁移的主要形态，占水相总磷的76%～89%，其浓度主要由表土总磷含量及地表径流量决定;而溶解态磷（DP）主要与表土中的有效磷含量以及径流与表土相互作用深度有关。溶解态无机磷（DIP）占溶解态磷的57%～85%，竹林的DIP浓度最高。菜地径流的有机磷含量（DOP）明显高于另外3种土地利用。不同土地利用下溶解态和悬浮态磷的迁移通量分别为23～92.7mg·m^-2·a^-1和113.4～364.3mg·m^-2·a^-1，与地表径流量表现出较强的相关性。     

重庆邮路口岸违禁邮寄物监管模式及效果

近年来,通过重庆邮路口岸进出境的邮包/快件整体呈现出数量持续增大、种类日益增多、形式千变万化的趋势,这对重庆邮检工作提出了更高要求和更大挑战。本文对近两年重庆邮路口岸截获物数量及疫情检出率两个重要指标,进行了数据统计及风险分析,并在此基础上对邮寄物监管模式进行了一些创新性探索,为进一步提升重庆邮路口岸防止有害生物入侵能力,促进邮检工作的长远发展,提供了科学、有效、实用的借鉴。     

Metabolomics Tools Assisting Classic Screening Methods in Discovering New Antibiotics from Mangrove Actinomycetia in Leizhou Peninsula

Mangrove actinomycetia are considered one of the promising sources for discovering novel biologically active compounds. Traditional bioactivity- and/or taxonomy-based methods are inefficient and usually result in the re-discovery of known metabolites. Thus, improving selection efficiency among strain candidates is of interest especially in the early stage of the antibiotic discovery program. In this study, an integrated strategy of combining phylogenetic data and bioactivity tests with a metabolomics-based dereplication approach was applied to fast track the selection process. A total of 521 actinomycetial strains affiliated to 40 genera in 23 families were isolated from 13 different mangrove soil samples by the culture-dependent method. A total of 179 strains affiliated to 40 different genera with a unique colony morphology were selected to evaluate antibacterial activity against 12 indicator bacteria. Of the 179 tested isolates, 47 showed activities against at least one of the tested pathogens. Analysis of 23 out of 47 active isolates using UPLC-HRMS-PCA revealed six outliers. Further analysis using the OPLS-DA model identified five compounds from two outliers contributing to the bioactivity against drug-sensitive A. baumannii. Molecular networking was used to determine the relationship of significant metabolites in six outliers and to find their potentially new congeners. Finally, two Streptomyces strains (M22, H37) producing potentially new compounds were rapidly prioritized on the basis of their distinct chemistry profiles, dereplication results, and antibacterial activities, as well as taxonomical information. Two new trioxacarcins with keto-reduced trioxacarcinose B, gutingimycin B (16) and trioxacarcin G (20), together with known gutingimycin (12), were isolated from the scale-up fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. M22. Our study demonstrated that metabolomics tools could greatly assist classic antibiotic discovery methods in strain prioritization to improve efficiency in discovering novel antibiotics from those highly productive and rich diversity ecosystems.     

重庆四面山不同林地类型优先流特征及染色形态定量评价

以重庆四面山阔叶林、针叶林、灌木林和草地为研究对象,基于碘−淀粉染色示踪试验,借助Adobe Photoshop、IPWIN等图像处理技术和数据处理方法,对土壤优先流特征及其染色形态进行定量评价。结果表明：阔叶林地、针叶林地、灌木林和草地土壤优先流分别在5～25、10～30、10～25 cm和5～20 cm发育明显,各林地垂直剖面总体上均随土层深度增加染色面积比下降。阔叶林和针叶林土壤表层0～10 cm下降迅速,灌木林随土壤深度增加呈现先下降后基本不变再下降的趋势。阔叶林和针叶林总染色面积比高于灌木林和草地,阔叶林的优先流比和优先流长度指数也分别高于针叶林、灌木林和草地。     

我国种子标准化建设

综述了种子标准化的概念和发展,对种子标准化的重要意义进行了阐述,并时我国种子标准化的构成、体系和与法律法规的关系进行了分析,同时对我国种子标准化存在的问题和对策进行了探讨.     

Mcl-1 involves in G2/M arrest of HL-60 cells induced by diallyl disulfide

AIM: To investigate the role of Mcl-1 in the G₂/M arrest induced by diallyl disulfide (DADS) in leukemic HL-60 cells.METHODS: The inhibitory effect of DADS on human leukemic HL-60 cells was detected by CCK-8 method in vitro. Flow cytometry analysis was employed to observe the cycle arrest in HL-60 cells and the effect of DADS-induced G₂/M arrest on HL-60 cells with Mcl-1 gene knockdown by RNAi silencing. The expression of Mcl-1, PCNA and CDK1 in HL-60 cells treated with DADS was determined by Western blotting. The binding of Mcl-1 with PCNA and CDK1 was detected by coimmuno-precipitation. RESULTS: HL-60 cells were treated with DADS at concentration of 15, 30, 60, 120 or 240 μmol/L for 48 h. The inhibition rates of HL-60 cell proliferation were 31.15%, 55.88%, 66.14%, 75.29% and 80.35%, respectively, and gradually enhanced with the increase in the concentration of DADS (P<0.05). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the proliferation of HL-60 cells was blocked by DADS in the G₂/M phase. Treatment with DADS for 24 h and 48 h at concentrations of 60 μmol/L and 120 μmol/L, the percentage of G₂/M phase cells increased as compared to the untreated cells (P<0.05). DADS induced arrest of HL-60 cells in G₂/M phase in a time- and dose- dependent manner (P<0.05). The results of Western blot analysis indicated that Mcl-1, PCNA and CDK1 in HL-60 cells were significantly reduced after treated with DADS (P<0.05). HL-60 cell cycle progression delayed by silencing Mcl-1 gene with siRNA technique, suggesting that silence of Mcl-1 gene led to G₂/M arrest. Compared to the cells treated with DADS only, the percentage of G₂/M cells raised in the cells with Mcl-1 gene silencing and treated with DADS (P<0.05), indicating that Mcl-1 gene silencing enhanced the effect of DADS-induced G₂/M arrest in HL-60 cells. The binding of Mcl-1 with PCNA and CDK1 was detected by coimmuno-precipitation and the formation of heterodimers was observed, which was decreased after treated with DADS for 4 h.CONCLUSION: DADS inhibits the proliferation of HL-60 cells and induces its G₂/M phase arrest. The decreased expression of PCNA is related to inhibiting the proliferation of leukemic cells. Knockdown of Mcl-1 gene enhances the effect of DADS-induced G₂/M arrest.