免疫抑制剂作用机理的研究进展

20世纪以来,科技工作者对硫唑嘌呤、咪唑立宾、环孢素等免疫抑制剂的作用机理进行了大量研究,本文综述了近年来用于临床或处于临床试验阶段的免疫抑制药物的作用机理研究进展.     

Determination of the dry matter disappearance and the crude protein degradability of the formaldehyde treated feeds in the rumen by in situ method

Sunflower cake (SC), horse bean (HB), and alfalfa meal (AM) were treated with rising doses of formaldehyde (F) from 0.0, 0.2 ... 2.0 g F per 100 g crude protein. We have followed the differences of crude protein solubility, its degradability and disappearance of dry matter in the rumen as well as the amount of reversible bonded F from the F dose. With AM it was found a significant influence of ADF on the degradability and on the amount of acid-labile bonded F and/or on the decrease of N solubility. From the total N content the share of soluble nitrogen decreased in SC by 31%, HB by 24%, and in AM only by 12.5%. With the increase of the F dose its protective effect on proteins against the degradability mainly in SC and HB also rose significantly. The degradability of AM protein was influenced more by the incubation time than by the effect of treatment. The degradability of the SC proteins fell from 95% with untreated to 27% treated with the maximum dose. With AM it fell slowly from 84% to 74% by the determination coefficient R2 = 0.77. It was observed a marked decrease in HB only from the dose of 1.28% F. The changes in dry matter disappearance were similar to the changes in crude protein degradability and to the changes of solubility in SC and AM. The in situ method proved very suitable for the determination of the extent of degradability of the feed proteins in the rumen.     

鸽乳营养成分研究进展

与其它家禽相比，雏鸽的生长速度较快，这种快速生长是由双亲分泌的鸽乳引起的，鸽乳是一种主要由蛋白质和脂肪构成、在催乳素的刺激作用下生成的全浆分泌物。由于人们并未全面理解鸽乳使雏鸽超速生长的机理，因此加强鸽乳营养成分的研究，可促进人工鸽乳的配方研究，利用人工鸽乳可以使亲鸽从繁重的孵化和育雏任务中解脱出来，缩短种鸽的产蛋周期间隔，提高产蛋率，提高生产的经济效益，从而促进养鸽业的飞速发展。     

The distribution and chemical coding of neurons in the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion complex supplying the normal and inflamed ileum in the pig

The present study investigated the chemical coding of neurons in the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion complex supplying the normal (n=4) and inflamed (n=4) ileum (chemically-induced inflammation) in juvenile pigs using retrograde tracing combined with immunohistochemistry. Ileum-projecting neurons (IPN) were predominantly distributed in the left and right superior mesenteric pools of the ganglion. The majority of them were adrenergic (tyrosine hydroxylase-positive) and also contained neuropeptide Y, somatostatin or galanin. No clear-cut differences in the distribution and chemical coding of IPN were found between normal and inflamed pigs. However, in the inflamed group, the density of peptidergic, IPN-associated nerve fibres was higher than that found in the control group.     

2005年我国生猪、家禽市场分析回顾及2006年走势预测

本文对2005年我国生猪、家禽市场整体走势进行了深入分析回顾,2005年我国生猪、家禽市场遭遇了“猪链球菌“”猪价暴跌“”禽流感”等事件。这些事件成为影响市场整体走势的转折点。生猪市场在经历了长达26个月的盈利期后,于2005年的10月份快速下跌至亏损线以下;蛋鸡市场在2005年10月底禽流感疫情之前,蛋鸡养殖处于平均盈利每只14元左右的高水平,禽流感的来临,强制性的将蛋鸡市场亏损期提前;肉鸡市场则因禽流感疫情,由低谷反弹转入“深度下跌”……本文还对2006年的生猪、家禽市场走势进行了预测。     

Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp.--recent developments and future needs

Cryptosporidia, widely distributed protozoan parasites of vertebrates have recently attracted increasing interest due to several serious waterborne outbreaks, the life-threatening nature of infection in immunocompromised patients, and the realization of economic losses caused by these pathogens in livestock. Genetic polymorphism within Cryptosporidium spp. is being detected at a continuously growing rate, owing to the widespread use of modern molecular techniques. The aim of this paper is to review the current status of taxonomy, genotyping, molecular phylogeny, and characterization of cryptosporidia, and to highlight the need for polyphasic typing, i.e. an integrated approach comprising standardized morphologic, biologic, and molecular methods for describing Cryptosporidium species and isolates, and for establishing "virtual" reference strains.     

三种猪Ⅰ型干扰素基因的克隆与序列分析

根据GenBank中收录的三种猪Ⅰ型干扰素（porcine interferon,pIFN）基因序列,设计了3对特异性引物。运用RT—PCR技术从长白猪外周血淋巴细胞总RNA中扩增得到了三种猪干扰素基因,并将其克隆至pGEM-T Easy载体上。序列测定结果显示,获得的猪干扰素α1基因序列全长570bp,编码189个氨基酸,获得的猪干扰素α2基因序列全长540bp,编码179个氨基酸,获得的猪干扰素β基因序列全长563bp,编码186个氨基酸。三种猪Ⅰ型干扰素基因与已知猪Ⅰ型干扰素核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列的相似性最高可达99％～100％。     

雏鸡实验性锰缺乏症及高磷对缺锰影响的病理学研究

１５０只１日龄艾维茵（Ａｖｉａ）肉鸡随机分为５组，各喂以低Ｍｎ（基础日粮含锰１５．７ｐｐｍ），低Ｍｎ高Ｐ１（基础日粮＋Ｐ０．１５％），低Ｍｎ高Ｐ２（基础日粮＋Ｐ０．４５％）、补锰高Ｐ１（基础日粮＋Ｍｎ１００ｐｐｍ＋Ｐ０．１５％）和补Ｍｎ（基础日粮＋Ｍｎ１００ｐｐｍ）日粮，饲喂４周。低锰，低锰高Ｐ１、低锰高Ｐ２组第１周开始发病，第二周达高峰。发病症状为共济失调，跛行。单腿发病，病腿向外前侧伸展，严重     

Inductive expression of the NOD1 signalling pathway in chickens infected with Salmonella pullorum

1. The aim of this study was to describe the role of Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) receptor signalling in chicken.

2. Tissue-specific expression analysis of NOD1, receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 (MAPK11 or p38) by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed their wide distribution in various organs and tissues.

3. Salmonella pullorum infection activated NOD1 receptor signalling in vivo and in vitro, resulting in significant induction of downstream signalling molecules RIPK2, NF-κB/p65, MAPK11/p38 and the effector molecules IL-1b and IL-8.

4. Activation of NOD1 by its agonist bacterial γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP) in HD11 cells induced the adapter molecular RIPK2 and activated the NF-κB/p65 and MAPK11/p38 pathways, resulting in an increase in IL-8 but not IL-1β. Additionally, inhibition of NOD1 using NOD1-shRNA resulted in downregulation of RIPK2, MAPK11 and IL-8, while NF-κB/p65 and IL-1β were unaltered.

5. These results highlight the important role of NOD1 receptors in eliciting the innate immune response following pathogenic invasion in chicken.     

A vitamin e response in a young dog

Extract

This subject will be covered in three sections, first, a brief history of how the idea of using trained dogs to help the blind was conceived, then the present-day methods of training guide dogs, and, finally, how the blind person is trained with their guide dog to work together as a team.