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331.
Eradications as scientific experiments: progress in simultaneous eradications of two major invasive taxa from a Mediterranean island
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Lise Ruffino Elise Krebs Aurélie Passetti Annie Aboucaya Laurence Affre Damien Fourcy Olivier Lorvelec Alain Barcelo Laurence Berville Nathalie Bigeard Lenka Brousset Hélène De Méringo Pascal Gillet Patricia Le Quilliec Yannick Limouzin Frédéric Médail Jean‐Yves Meunier Marine Pascal Michel Pascal Philippe Ponel François Rifflet Coralie Santelli Elise Buisson Eric Vidal 《Pest management science》2015,71(2):189-198
332.
Pierre‐Yves Mulon DMV DES Diplomate ACVS Fouad Zhim MScA L'Hocine Yahia PhD André Desrochers DMV MS Diplomate ACVS & ECBHM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(5):561-565
Objective— To evaluate the effect of 6 different knotting methods on the mechanical properties of 3 large absorbable suture materials used in large animal surgery. Study Design— In vitro mechanical study. Sample Population— Knotted suture loops (n=15 per group). Methods— Suture loops were created between two low‐friction pulleys with either 2 polydioxanone, 2 polyglactin 910 or 3 polyglactin 910. Strands were tied using 1 of 6 knotting technique: square knot, surgeon knot, clamped surgeon's knot, sliding half‐hitch knot (HH), Delimar knot and self‐locking knot (SLK). A single cycle to failure test was performed on each suture loop with a distraction rate of 100 mm/min. Failure modes were evaluated and breaking strength, elongation to failure and stiffness were compared. Results— All loops except two HH failed at the knot by acute breaking. The double‐stranded SLK was both stronger and stiffer than all other knots for each suture material. Clamping the first throw of the surgeon knot decreased load to failure significantly (143.11 ± 8.64 N) compared with not clamping (159.21 ± 6.14 N) for polydioxanone. Stiffness and elongation to failure were respectively lower and increased for 2 polydioxanone compared with both polyglactin 910 materials for all knotting techniques. Conclusions— Knotting techniques do influence structural properties of suture loops. The double strand loop conferred stiffer and stronger properties to the SLK Clinical Relevance— Clamping the first throw of polydioxanone should be avoided when tying a suture under tension even using large diameter suture materials. Using a SLK might be considered as a useful alternative when excessive tension is present. 相似文献
333.
Quéré Y 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6004):604
334.
335.
Lorrain B Ballester J Thomas-Danguin T Blanquet J Meunier JM Le Fur Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(11):3973-3981
The aim of the present study was to validate the joint sensory impact of target compounds on the typicality degree of wine. Target compounds were selected from previous gas chromatography-olfactometry analysis. The preliminary experiment consisted in selecting odorants thought to have a positive effect on typical Chardonnay wines. Two sets of target compounds were chosen with regard to expected relationships between their concentrations and typicality scores. Target compounds were quantified in 20 wines. The second experiment was dedicated to the sensory evaluation of aroma models obtained by supplementation in wines. Three Chardonnay wines with intermediate typicality scores were supplemented with 6- or 10-compound combinations. The typicality degree of 24 samples was assessed by expert orthonasal perception. Wines supplemented with the 6-compound combinations were judged to be intermediate, whereas wines including the 10-compound combinations were considered to be quite representative of the Chardonnay concept. Such results confirm the active contribution of the 10 combined target compounds to typical Chardonnay wines. 相似文献
336.
Nathalie Jarosz Yves Brunet Eric Lamaud Mark Irvine Jean-Marc Bonnefond Denis Loustau 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2008,148(10):1508-1523
Carbon dioxide, water vapour and energy fluxes were measured above and within a maritime pine forest during an atypical year with long-lasting reduced soil water availability. Energy balance closure was adequately good at both levels. As compared with what is usually observed at this site the ecosystem dissipated less energy via latent heat flux and more via sensible heat flux. The understorey canopy was responsible for a variable, significant component of the whole canopy fluxes of water vapour and carbon dioxide. The annual contribution of the understorey was 38% (154 mm) of the overall evaporation (399 mm) and 32% (89 mm) of the overall sensible heat flux (274 mm). The participation of the understorey reached 45% of the overall evaporation and 30% of the daytime overall assimilation during significant soil water deficit periods in summertime. Even during winter, understorey photosynthesis was consistent as it compensated soil and understorey respiration. The ecosystem behaved as a sink of carbon, with a negative annual carbon budget (−57 g C m−2). However, due to high soil water deficit, the annual ecosystem GPP was 40% less than usually observed at this site. This budget resulted from a sink of −131 g C m−2 for the overstorey and a source of +74 g C m−2 for the understorey. Moreover, on an annual basis the overstorey layer contributed to almost two-thirds of the ecosystem respiration. Finally, the effect of long-lasting soil water deficit on the maritime pine forest was found more important than the effect of the heat wave and drought of summer 2003. 相似文献
337.
The in vivo feeding value of 118 early maize (Zea mays L) hybrids, registered in France between 1958 and 1994, has been estimated
from digestibility measurements with sheep at INRA Lusignan (France). There were great variations in the digestibilities of
organic matter and crude fibre, and in the energy value of these hybrids, ranging respectively between 65.1 and 73.5%, 45.4
and 60.0%, and 0.79 and 0.95 UFL. There was a regular decrease in the average feeding value, regarding the year of registration,
for each of the feeding value traits investigated. From 1958 to date, the frequency of hybrids lower than Mammouth increased,
while the number of hybrids higher than LG11 or Brutus clearly decreased. Across the years, the increase in variations among
hybrids occurred because of the introduction of hybrids with a poorer feeding value, particularly since the end of the 80's.
The extremely efficient genetic pressure in breeding for whole plant yield and stalk standability could explain the drift
in feeding value. A silage maize hybrid with a high yield, a high lodging resistance, and a good feeding value can be available
only if breeders use a digestibility assessment, proved as representative of the digestion in cattle. In addition to a digestibility
evaluation, the prediction of maize ingestibility could be taken into account as soon as a criterion is established.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
338.
Emmanuelle Roque d'Orbcastel Jean-Paul Blancheton Thierry Boujard Yves Moutounet Alain Belaud 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,274(1):72-79
European water legislation enforces increasingly restrictive measures with regards to reduction of water consumption and waste emission in order to minimise the potential environmental impact of the agro industry sector. Fish farms are particularly concerned, but legislation covering effluent discharge varies significantly from country to country. However, recommendations and directives from institutional, national or regional bodies suggest the enforcement of increasingly strict waste reduction measures and the development of waste treatment. Before treatment, it is necessary to evaluate waste production in terms of composition and quantity. The waste quantification methods used today for fish culture systems are either based on direct measurements of nutrient and suspended solid fluxes or on indirect evaluation based on the digestibility coefficients of the feed constituents. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the waste of a freshwater flow through farm using both approaches and to discuss their applicability, drawbacks and advantages from the viewpoints of fish farmers and control authorities. Waste production on the farm was monitored during several 24 hour cycles in order to characterise the effluents of the system. The predictions and measurements for the total nitrogen (TN) parameter were well correlated, but measured and predicted suspended solids (SS) and total phosphorus (TP) values presented a weaker correlation coefficient. The hydrobiological method gives details on the N and P forms of waste but this method is heavy and it is difficult to obtain representative samples and flow rate measurements. The nutritional method is the simplest to use, provided that feed data are available. 相似文献
339.
Large‐scale,seasonal habitat use and movements of yellow American eels in the St. Lawrence River revealed by acoustic telemetry
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Mélanie Béguer‐Pon Martin Castonguay José Benchetrit Daniel Hatin Michel Legault Guy Verreault Yves Mailhot Valérie Tremblay Julian J. Dodson 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2015,24(1):99-111
Large‐scale habitat use and movements of yellow American eels (Anguilla rostrata) from the St. Lawrence River were examined using acoustic telemetry from early summer to late fall in 2010 and 2011. Sixty‐seven eels were tagged, and their passage or presence was recorded using fixed acoustic arrays covering a 400 km distance along the St. Lawrence River and Estuary. Sixty‐four per cent of the 67 tagged eels were detected. Most eels were detected at only one array; the closest to their release location and at several occasions during the tracking period, suggesting a high proportion of freshwater residency in the upstream part of the St. Lawrence River. Downstream movements towards the brackish estuary (63–418 km distance) were demonstrated for 16.4% of the eels, particularly for those caught at the most downstream site that is close to the brackish estuary. Our results strongly suggest a lower activity of freshwater resident yellow eels during summer, a behaviour that may be related to day length, which defines time available for their nocturnal foraging. Indeed, yellow eels were detected primarily at night; no effect of moon phase was revealed. Movements in the vicinity of arrays (up to 116 km in the fluvial estuary) were suggested and smaller‐scale movements within Lac St. Louis were demonstrated, highlighting a yellow‐eel home range far more extensive than previously reported in smaller systems. Evidence for within‐season homing and site fidelity is also reported. 相似文献
340.
Yves Jolivet Matthieu Bagard Mireille Cabané Marie-Noëlle Vaultier Anthony Gandin Dany Afif Pierre Dizengremel Didier Le Thiec 《Annals of Forest Science》2016,73(4):923-943