笼养朱鹮非繁殖期昼间行为活动时间分配

采用即时取样和扫描法对河南董寨国家级自然保护区3个朱鹮笼舍的3对朱鹮行为进行了45 d,计585 h的观察。结果显示：（1）朱鹮非繁殖期昼间各行为休息（40.12%）占比例最大,其次是理羽（17.45%）、刨啄（14.03%）、运动（12.32%）、取食（11.30%）、剧烈运动（3.99%）、水浴（0.54%）、其他（0.26%）。（2）朱鹮活动呈一定的节律性,休息的2个显著高峰分别在6：00和18：00,另外2个小高峰分别在10：00和14：00;运动小高峰在12：00;取食2个显著高峰分别在9：00和15：00;理羽有4个小高峰,分别在7：00、10：00、14：00和17：00;水浴的2个高峰分别在13：00和14：00;刨啄的2个高峰分别在12：00和16：00。（3）两性昼间行为峰值也存在着一些差异,雌鸟和雄鸟相比之下,运动早,中午休息少,洗浴早,创啄多,取食强度较小。     

浅黄恩蚜小蜂和丽蚜小蜂对温室白粉虱的寄生潜能分析

浅黄恩蚜小蜂Encarsia sophia GiraultDodd和丽蚜小蜂Encarsia formosa Gahan是防治粉虱类害虫的优势寄生蜂,通过生命表技术方法分析了2种寄生蜂对温室白粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood)的防治潜能。结果表明,丽蚜小蜂在羽化第3天和第10天出现2次寄生高峰,占其总寄生量的13.7%和8.0%,在2次高峰之间逐日寄生粉虱数量比较平稳,单雌逐日平均产雌数保持在10.6~13.4头,10 d后寄生量呈明显的下降趋势;而浅黄恩蚜小蜂羽化10 d内逐日寄生粉虱量变化不大,单雌逐日产雌数稳定在4.2~5.4头,羽化14 d后寄生量呈明显下降趋势。丽蚜小蜂和浅黄恩蚜小蜂的R0、T、rm、λ值分别为171.5、18.0、0.2854、1.3303和61.6、16.2、0.2544、1.2897;粉虱若虫充足时,丽蚜小蜂平均单雌寄生若虫数是浅黄恩蚜小蜂的2.7倍,而后者平均单雌取食若虫数为60.6头,明显高于前者42.7头,总的来看,丽蚜小蜂通过寄生和取食杀死粉虱总量220.8头,明显高于浅黄恩蚜小蜂的127.9头。表明在应用寄生蜂防治温室白粉虱时,单独释放丽蚜小蜂比浅黄恩蚜小蜂显示出更好的防治潜能。     

Dietary amylose and amylopectin ratio and resistant starch content affects plasma glucose,lactic acid,hormone levels and protein synthesis in splanchnic tissues

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding different starch sources on piglets. Four diets were formulated with maize, brown rice, sticky rice and Hi‐Maize 1043 as starch sources, with resistant starch (RS) contents of 2.3%, 0.9%, 0.0%, 20.6%, and amylose and amylopectin ratio of 0.23%, 0.21%, 0.18%, 0.06% respectively. Fifty‐six pigs weaned at 28 days of age were randomly assigned to one of the four diets. In Exp. 1, six piglets in each group were fitted with an indwelling jugular catheter. After 25 days of feeding trial, venous blood samples were obtained at time zero and every 1 h for 4 h. In Exp. 2, the remaining piglets were used to determine the effects of different starch sources on the fractional synthesis rate (FSR). The results indicated that feeding the Hi‐Maize 1043 diet decreased (p < 0.05) plasma contents of glucose, insulin, lactic acid and T₃, while sticky rice increased plasma contents of glucose and insulin. The insulin contents in piglets fed the sticky rice diet was 69.2 μIU/ml at 1 h post‐feeding which was highest among the starch diets. The FSR in the pancreas, spleen, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon in the corn group were much higher (p < 0.05) than that in the sticky rice group. These results suggest that RS is potentially beneficial for improving insulin sensitivity in young pigs and that the ratio of amylose and amylopectin have significantly effects on the FSR in splanchnic tissues in weaned piglets. Another finding of this study indicated maize with a ratio of amylose and amylopectin of 0.23 has the best starch sources for pig production.     

不同地理居群山桐子的果实含油率与脂肪酸含量

随着煤炭、石油等化石能源价格的不断上涨,加快可再生能源,尤其是生物质能源的发展,以推进能源替代,被认为是解决全球能源危机的最理想途径之一(唐红英,2008)。目前,世界各国,尤其是发达国家,都致力于开发高效、无污染的生物质能源利用技术,以保障能源安全,实现CO2减排,促进经济、社会的可持续发展(Holdren,1991)。根据专家预     

关于侵蚀坡地治理与开发中的若干问题思考

本文根据侵蚀坡地治理实践,就侵蚀坡地治理中的“小老头松”、侵蚀坡地生态系统的自我恢复能力、群落配置中的地带性、重建植被中的群落演替、坡地茶果园开发方式、庭院经济生态体系等问题等进行了讨论。指出：侵蚀坡地土壤贫瘠和裸露坡地近地表千热化是重建植被的主要障碍因素;坡地生态系统的自我恢复能力主要取决于土壤、植被、小气候等因素;侵蚀坡地植被的重建必须着眼于建立地带性森林系统,遵循地带性规律进行种群配置;植被群落发育程度必须与土壤肥力恢复水平相适应,即在先锋群落配置中要注重草被层的生长,避免造成“远看青山在,近看水土流”的“空中绿化”现象;侵蚀坡地果园的开发必须注重地被植物的保护和建设。“果-草-牧-沼-菌”庭院经济生态工程是解决水土流失区农民“钱”、“肥”、“烧”问题的有效途径。     

松杉木屑栽培香菇“宁香8号”的选育

香菇“宁香 8号”为适合用松杉木屑物料栽培的新菌株。生物学特性表明 :香菇宁香 8号适应范围广 (10～ 2 3℃ ) ,菌丝生长期短 (5 8～ 6 0d) ,生物效率高 (室内栽培 81.6 0 % ,生产中试 92 .85 % ) ,子实体中型匀称 ,柄细而短 ,伞厚 ,含水量低 ,最突出的是适应松杉木屑栽培。     

Correlation between earthworms and plant litter decomposition in a tropical wet forest of Puerto Rico

Earthworms are recognized to play an important role in the decomposition of organic materials. To test the use of earthworms as an indicator of plant litter decomposition, we examined the abundance and biomass of earthworms in relation to plant litter decomposition in a tropical wet forest of Puerto Rico. We collected earthworms at 0–0.1 m and 0.1–0.25 m soil depths from upland and riparian sites that represent the natural variation in soils and decomposition rates within the forest. Earthworms were hand-sorted and weighed for both fresh and dry biomass. Earthworms were dominated by the exotic endogeic species Pontoscolex corethrurus Müller; they were more abundant, and had higher biomasses in the upland than in riparian sites of the forest. Plant leaf litter decomposed faster in the upland than riparian sites. We found that earthworm abundance in the upper 0.1 m of the soil profile positively correlated with decomposition rate of plant leaf litter. Ground litter removal had no effect on the abundance or biomass of endogeic earthworms. Our data suggest that earthworms can be used to predict decomposition rates of plant litter in the tropical wet forest, and that the decomposition of aboveground plant litter has little influence on the abundance and biomass of endogeic earthworms.     

红豆杉属植物资源的研究现状与开发利用对策

对珍稀药用资源植物红豆杉属的分类、种分布、主要化学成分及药理学作用的国内外研究现状进行归纳分析,对红豆杉属植物资源开发利用过程中遇到的问题以及可能的解决方案进行讨论。目前全球共发现和鉴定红豆杉属11个种,从中分离鉴定出三大类即巴卡亭Ⅲ及其他紫杉烷类物质、紫杉黄酮和红豆杉多糖等共500余种化学成分。对红豆杉属植物的药理学研究发现,其具有显著的防癌、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、清除自由基、调节心血管系统、抗炎、抗衰老等药理学作用。红豆杉属植物开发利用过程中存在种群遗传多样性保护与生物资源减少、红豆杉属植物资源分布地域性与次生代谢多样性、新结构物质发现与药理学作用机制研究相互脱节等问题。提出引种驯化与构建红豆杉属植物种质资源库、建设红豆杉属高质原料标准化生产技术体系、依托现代科技手段构建红豆杉属植物高效利用的技术平台等对策。     

2-D数字阀用低惯量旋转电磁铁及其矩角特性研究

针对传统2-D数字阀用电-机械转换器转动惯量大、动态响应低的不足,研制了一种空心杯转子结构的低惯量旋转电磁铁.通过磁路解析讨论了电磁铁结构和运行参数对输出力矩的影响;基于Ansoft/Maxwell 3-D平台对其矩角特性进行了有限元模拟.试验结果和仿真结果基本一致,该低惯量旋转电磁铁具有较大的静力矩,其矩角特性近似于正弦波形,可用作高频2-D数字阀的电-机械转换器.