Biochemical responses to ultraviolet‐C radiation and methyl jasmonate in Pinus radiata seedlings that accompany induced resistance to Diplodia pinea

Irradiation of Pinus radiata seedlings with ultraviolet‐C (UV‐C) radiation or spray application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) each resulted in induced resistance to subsequent wound inoculation with Diplodia pinea. Induced resistance was expressed by lower incidence of disease and by reduced size of stem lesions than in untreated seedlings. UV‐C was more effective than MeJA and the induced resistance was greatest in seedlings that were irradiated with UV‐C for 60 min, 1 week before pathogen inoculation. Induced resistance in the UV‐C treated stems was concomitant with increases in peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity but showed no correlation with concentrations of α‐pinene and β‐pinene or total phenolics. Furthermore, POX induction in stem tissue was cumulative and was greatest after three repeat treatments with UV‐C at 6, 3 and 1 week before inoculation. In contrast to UV‐C, MeJA induced a significant increase in β‐pinene concentration in stem tissue but did not affect PPO activity. POX activity was induced by MeJA in stems, although to a lesser extent than by UV‐C, but was not affected in needles. This appears to be the first report demonstrating the use of UV‐C radiation to induce resistance to fungal infection in a coniferous species. The implications of the underlying differences between UV‐C‐ and MeJA‐mediated resistance to D. pinea are discussed.     

棉花根际解钾细菌的生理活性和促生效果

考察优良棉花根际解钾菌株K1111、K1114、K2115、K3105和K3205的溶磷、解钾、产铁载体和产吲哚乙酸等生理活性。将其接种到棉花根际,通过盆栽试验,研究5株菌株对棉花根系发育与生长的影响。结果表明,这5株菌的产铁载体能力均达到5+(极高量)水平;分泌吲哚乙酸的浓度在6.6～12.4μg/mL之间;同时具有很高的溶磷能力。接种5株菌株的棉花根系活力、株高和干重均显著高于不施钾肥的对照组,高于或相当于施钾对照组。     

不同区域稻田土壤复合体有机碳分配及δ~(13)C特征

选取位于5个不同区域(吉林龙井、河南封丘、浙江慈溪、江西进贤和海南海口)的代表性稻田,对其土壤复合体有机碳分配及δ13C特征进行了研究。结果表明,不同区域稻田土壤中各粒级复合体含量(质量百分比)变化主要体现在<2μm和>50μm粒级部分。南方稻田0-20 cm土层中<2μm复合体含量较20-40 cm土层低,而北方稻田0-20 cm土层则较20-40 cm土层高。稻田0-20 cm和20-40 cm土层中,<50μm各粒级土壤复合体有机碳含量的变化趋势基本一致;>50μm复合体有机碳含量则在稻田20-40 cm土层中出现急剧下降,显著低于表层。农田土壤有机碳主要集中在<10μm复合体中。气候条件、耕作制度和起源土壤对农田土壤复合体有机碳分配有显著影响,其中稻田耕作环境更有利于表层粗有机体的累积。不同区域稻田0-20 cm土层中,土壤复合体粒级越小,其有机碳δ13C值越高,碳库活性越低;而20-40 cm稻田土层中复合体有机碳库活性则并非严格遵循粗粒活性高于细粒的规律,在>50μm粗粒复合体中表现尤为明显。     

Association between the body weight of growing pigs and the functional capacity of their gut microbiota

Gastrointestinal microbiota impact host's biological activities, including digestion of indigestible feed components, energy harvest, and immunity. In this study, fecal microbiota of high body weight (HW) and low body weight (LW) growing pigs at 103 days of age were compared. Principal coordinates analysis separated the HW and LW groups into two clusters, indicating their potential differences between microbial community composition. Although the abundances of two major phyla, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, did not significantly differ between the HW and LW groups, some genera showed significant differences. Among them, Peptococcus and Eubacterium exhibited strong positive correlations with body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) (Rho > 0.40), whereas Treponema, Desulfovibrio, Parabacteroides, and Ruminococcaceae_unclassified exhibited strong negative correlations with BW and ADG (Rho < ?0.40). Based on these results, the structure of intestinal microbiota may affect growth traits in pigs through host–microbe interactions. Further in‐depth studies will provide insights into how best to reshape host–microbe interactions in pigs and other animals as well.     

热应激对鸡胸腺细胞凋亡的影响及其调节机理

18只AA肉鸡于 2 2℃饲养。 30日龄时 ,随机分成 3组 ,分别进行 0 ,5和 10h的 4 1℃高温应激处理。用流式细胞仪检测胸腺细胞DNA含量、细胞凋亡率以及细胞caspase 3和Bcl 2的表达。结果 :应激处理 0 ,5和 10h时 ,(1)DNA合成期 (S期 )细胞比例分别是 2 77% ,3 2 8%和 2 31% ;(2 )胸腺细胞凋亡率分别是 3 99% ,11 15 %和3 31% ;(3)caspase 3表达阳性细胞率分别为 14 2 4 % ,2 7 0 1%和 10 84 % ,Bcl 2表达阳性细胞率分别是 2 0 5 9% ,15 13%和 2 7 92 % ;(4 )应激 5h与 0和 10h的细胞凋亡率、caspase 3和Bcl 2的阳性细胞表达率均有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;(5 )应激处理鸡的胸腺细胞凋亡率、caspase 3表达阳性细胞率从 0h到 5h逐渐升高 ,以后又逐渐下降。在高温应激过程中 ,胸腺细胞凋亡率与caspase 3表达阳性细胞率呈平行的变化关系 ,而与Bcl 2表达阳性细胞率呈反向变化关系。这些结果均说明 :高温应激能明显影响胸腺细胞凋亡 ,而这种细胞凋亡的变化受caspase 3和Bcl 2表达的调节。     

布地奈德混悬液联合沙丁胺醇、溴化异丙托品雾化吸入治疗儿童哮喘

目的：观察布地奈德混悬液联合沙丁胺醇、溴化异丙托品雾化吸入治疗哮喘的效果。方法：急诊哮喘患儿88例随机分为2组，布地奈德混悬液联合沙丁胺醇、溴化异丙托品雾化吸入组(A组)46例，沙丁胺醇、溴化异丙托品联合吸入组(B组)42例。2组均用单剂量空气压缩泵雾化吸入。记录吸药前后喘息、哮鸣音记分和呼气峰流速(PEF)的变化。结果：A组患儿喘息及哮鸣音记分别于吸药后90min开始低于B组，而PEF在吸药后90min开始高于B组。结论：布地奈德混悬液联合沙丁胺醇、溴化异丙托品雾化吸入治疗急性哮喘的效果优于沙丁胺醇联合溴化异丙托品吸入治疗。     

Arsenic and chromium resistance mechanisms in the Micrococcus luteus group

High arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) concentrations are currently receiving attention because of their negative effects on the environment and human health. Microorganisms inhabiting contaminated environments have developed resistance mechanisms against the toxicity of these pollutants. Indeed, members of the bacterial genus Micrococcus have been isolated from different toxic metal-contaminated environments; however, knowledge concerning its resistance mechanisms to As and Cr toxicity remains lim...     

膜侧小麦应用壮丰安的调控效果研究

根据生育特点、器官建成和产量形成的规律 ,就膜侧小麦应用壮丰安的调控效果进行了试验研究。结果表明 ,壮丰安拌种能有效控制苗期叶片生长 ,明显促进分蘖的形成和根系的发育 ,有利于增强植株抗旱、耐寒性能 ,提高越冬保苗率 ;返青期喷施能显著抑制基部节间的伸长。壮丰安处理一般会引起小麦粒重的下降 ,拌种处理还会导致成穗数减少 ,但穗粒数的显著增加可有效平衡二者下降对产量的影响。膜侧小麦用适宜剂量的壮丰安拌种和喷施 ,一般增产 10 %～ 15 %。与常规露地小麦相比 ,膜侧小麦更适宜于应用化控制剂进行调控。     

过量Mg2+对农作物种子萌发特性的影响

以MgCl2溶液考察Mg^2＋对玉米、大豆种子的萌发及生长的影响,为进一步研究镁粉尘的污染机理、生物响应和污染等级划分提供依据。     

SPAD值与杂交狼尾草施氮水平和农艺性状的关系

采用盆栽试验探讨利用叶绿素计(Chlorophyll Meter SPAD-502)预测杂交狼尾草粗蛋白含量和牧草的施氮水平.试验设5个氮肥水平(纯氮量0,100,200,300,400k9/hm2)和3次重复,利用叶绿素计读取不同氮水平不同时期杂交狼尾草倒数第3片叶子的SPAD值,同时测定部分农艺性状和茎叶粗蛋白含量.结果表明,杂交狼尾草的SPAD值和粗蛋白含量是随着牧草的生长而逐渐降低,分蘖数、株高和生物产量随着牧草的生长而提高;杂交狼尾草的SPAD值与其施氮水平、分蘖数、株高、产量和茎叶粗蛋白含量都成正相关,与牧草的株高相关性最小且都不显著;与牧草的分蘖数和产量相关性大,接近或达显著水平:与牧草的茎叶粗蛋白含量相关性最大,均达显著或极显著水平.因此,利用SPAD值可用来预测杂交狼尾草茎叶粗蛋白含量,进而诊断杂交狼尾草的氮素营养水平,为牧草的合理施肥提供依据.