Enhancing resistance in Pinus radiata seedlings to terminal crook (Colletotrichum acutatum) using methyl jasmonate and ultraviolet‐C radiation

Colletotrichum acutatum is a fungal pathogen that causes terminal crook disease in radiata pine (Pinus radiata) seedlings in New Zealand forest nurseries. Symptoms of infection include malformation or death of the growing tip and a stiffening and thickening of the stem. Although the disease can be managed effectively using fungicides, the New Zealand forest industry is interested in alternative control options such as induced resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate spray application of chitosan (1.4 g/l) or 2.25 mm methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and irradiation with UV‐C (2.16 kJ/m²) for their potential to induce resistance to terminal crook. The treatments were applied to 4‐month‐old seedlings at 1 week before pathogen inoculation. By the end of the experimental period (42 days after inoculation), there was 80% disease incidence in the controls, with 48% of seedlings exhibiting severe terminal crook symptoms. The most effective treatment (p < 0.05) was MeJA with 16% disease incidence and none with severe symptoms. UV‐C also significantly (p < 0.05) reduced infection with 52% incidence and 20% of seedlings exhibiting severe symptoms. Chitosan did not reduce disease incidence (72%) compared with the control (80%) but did significantly reduce (p < 0.05) disease severity with 28% exhibiting severe symptoms. MeJA was the only treatment that significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the detrimental effects of infection on seedling apical growth and stem diameter. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the potential for MeJA and UV‐C to control terminal crook in radiata pine.     

林下生态养殖对植被多样性的影响

为评价林下生态养殖模式对系统植被多样性的影响,在林下种草生态养殖河田鸡的不同时间段,调查林地内物种种类、数量,测量植被高度、多度等,通过公式计算得出系统内物种丰富度、均匀度等指数,以衡量林下生态养殖系统对植被多样性的影响.结果显示,随着放牧时间的延长,群落内首先消失的是豆科与禾本科牧草,囊颖草(Sacciolepis ...     

Characterization of aerosols containing microcystin

Toxic blooms of cyanobacteria are ubiquitous in both freshwater and brackish water sources throughout the world. One class of cyanobacterial toxins, called microcystins, is cyclic peptides. In addition to ingestion and dermal, inhalation is a likely route of human exposure. A significant increase in reporting of minor symptoms, particularly respiratory symptoms was associated with exposure to higher levels of cyanobacteria during recreational activities. Algae cells, bacteria, and waterborne toxins can be aerosolized by a bubble-bursting process with a wind-driven white-capped wave mechanism. The purposes of this study were to: evaluate sampling and analysis techniques for microcystin aerosol, produce aerosol droplets containing microcystin in the laboratory, and deploy the sampling instruments in field studies. A high-volume impactor and an IOM filter sampler were tried first in the laboratory to collect droplets containing microcystins. Samples were extracted and analyzed for microcystin using an ELISA method. The laboratory study showed that cyanotoxins in water could be transferred to air via a bubble-bursting process. The droplets containing microcystins showed a bimodal size distribution with the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 1.4 and 27.8 mum. The sampling and analysis methods were successfully used in a pilot field study to measure microcystin aerosol in situ.     

关于高校教师主体性作用发挥的再思考

社会发展和高等教育的大众化对高校教师主体性作用的发挥提出了更高的要求。高校教师应积极适应社会发展与教育变革需求,重塑主体性作用,以知识的力量引导人、以智慧的力量说服人、以情感的力量感染人。     

Genome classification of banana cultivars from South India using IRAP markers

Summary The banana cultivars are originated from the intra- and inter-specific hybridization of two wild diploid species, Musa acuminata Colla and Musa balbisiana Colla, contributing the A and B genomes, respectively. They are classified into genomic groups by scoring morphological features. Molecular markers provide a quick and reliable system of genome characterization and manipulation in breeding lines. In the present study a PCR based molecular marker specific for B genomes is been reported. The IRAP primer, designed based on the LTR sequence of banana Ty3-gypsy-like retroelement (Musa acuminata Monkey retrotransposon, AF 143332), was used to identify the B genome in the banana cultivars. Further a primer pair designed from B specific bands of Musa balbisiana `Pisang Gala' was used to classify AAB and ABB cultivars in the collection. Among the 36 cultivars tested with this primer, the B specific band was absent in the AA and AAA cultivars (except in one AAA and AAB cultivar) but present in all other AB, AAB and ABB cultivars. Among the triploid AAB/ABB, the PCR products with B specific primers showed restriction pattern polymorphism with AluI. In ABB genomes the band intensity was high whereas low intensity band observed in AAB genomes. Four cultivars reported to have the ABB genome showed a pattern similar to AAB, and one cultivar reported to have AAA genome showed a pattern similar to ABB genome, suggesting missampling or misidentification. The primers used in this study are useful to identify the presence of B genome in banana cultivars, and band intensity may be a preliminary indicator of ploidy level of the B genome but needs further studies with competitive PCR for clarification. These authors contributed equally in this paper.     

甘蓝新品种秦甘70的选育及其抗病优质性评价

秦甘 70是利用具有抗病优质和配合力高的两个自交不亲和系 HS2 10 3- 6 - 9和 FT6 32 8- 1- 5配育成的杂交一代 ,为中早熟甘蓝新品种 ,定植到叶球收获 70 d左右。植株综合经济性状优良 ,中心柱 6 .5 cm,紧实度0 .5 7,帮叶比 2 6 .5 % ;叶质脆甜 ,富含营养物质 ,鲜重含粗蛋白 11.81g/ kg,粗纤维 4 .113g/ kg,可溶糖 32 .5 g/ kg,VB1 2 .118g/ kg;抗 Tu MV,Br和 CMV3种病害 ;产量 6 4 32 0 .0 kg/ hm2 ,比对照中甘八号增产 15 .1%。     

印度南瓜与中国南瓜有性杂交亲和性研究

为提供用中国南瓜改良印度南瓜的理论依据，选用印度南瓜的3个栽培品种与中国南瓜的4个栽培品种进行人工杂交，观察其杂交亲和性表现。结果表明：印度南瓜P6，P7等品种与中国南瓜P2，P3，P4，P5等品种间存在杂交不亲和性，印度南瓜P1与中国南瓜P4，P5间存在杂交不亲和性，而与P2，P3间不存在杂交不亲和性。     

不同品系小鼠精子冷冻及冻融精子体外受精的研究

采用小鼠精子冷冻、冻融精子体外受精的方法,进行小鼠保种、引种、生物净化及品系标准化的可行性研究,并初步探究小鼠精子冷冻的影响因素。实验选用同一年龄5种不同品系小鼠分别进行精子冷冻、复苏,并比较各品系冷冻效果及冻融精子的体外受精(IVF)率。结果显示,冷冻后各品系小鼠精子复苏存活率约在15%～50%之间;冻融小鼠精子体外受精结果随遗传背景的不同差异显著,受精率分别为:KM小鼠68.4%、ICR小鼠30.3%、DBA/2J小鼠47.2%、C57BL/6J小鼠6.8%、BALB/cA小鼠25%。冻融精子IVF得到的胚胎可以耐受体外培养。     

决明属牧草研究进展

决明属牧草既是重要的饲料作物,又在土壤改良、水土保持等多方面发挥着积极作用。本文主要就近年来决明属牧草的引种、栽培技术、饲用品质、抗逆性以及应用前景等方面的研究进行了较全面的综述。     

植物根际解磷细菌与植物生长发育

综述了土壤解磷细菌(PSB)的种类、数量、分布,解磷能力以及对植物生长发育影响,目的是为解磷菌的开发应用和进一步研究提供信息。众多研究表明,土壤中普遍存在能够分解矿质态磷和有机态磷的微生物,而且植物根际土壤的解磷细菌不仅数量多于土体,其种类也明显多于土体土壤。一些接种试验表明,如果条件适宜,解磷细菌可以分解许多难溶性的磷酸盐,为植物提供有效的磷素营养。除分解矿物态的磷酸盐外,解磷菌对植物还具有促生作用,其机制是解磷菌分泌的激素对植物的生长发育产生了影响。文章最后还对今后的研究作了展望。