肉桂造林技术研究

通过多年的育苗造林 ,初步探索出适用于云南热带、南亚热带采用的肉桂育苗、造林技术。采种母树可选择 7年以上生长健壮、无病虫危害的植株 ,种子按 1 1的湿沙拌匀混合贮藏 ,采用袋苗培育 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级合格苗上山造林 ,密度可根据培育方向选用 1m× 1m、 1m× 2m的株行距 ,时间在雨季 6～ 7月最佳。     

Bayesian estimation of sensitivity and specificity of serum ELISA and faecal culture for diagnosis of paratuberculosis in Greek dairy sheep and goats

Latent class models were used to estimate the sensitivity (Se) and the specificity (Sp) of a serum ELISA and a faecal culture (FC) method for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis separately, in sheep and goats. The estimates were obtained by a Bayesian method. Possible dependence of diagnostic errors was investigated by comparing models where independence was assumed to models allowing for conditional dependence given the true disease status. ROC analysis for the serum ELISA was also performed and optimized cut-off values based on the misclassification cost term were determined. No evidence of conditional dependence was found. Assuming independence, posterior medians and 95% credible intervals for the Se(ELISA), Sp(ELISA), Se(FC) and Sp(FC), were 63% (42, 93%), 95% (90, 98%), 8% (2, 17%) and 98% (95, 100%) in goats and 37% (10, 80%), 97% (93, 99%), 16% (2, 48%) and 97% (95, 99%) in sheep. AUC was calculated 0.702 for sheep and 0.847 for goats. For the serum ELISA, there is need of species- and purpose-specific cut-off selection. For instance, with 20% prevalence situation and assuming equal and five-fold cost of a false negative to a false positive test result, the optimal cut-off is 0.3 and 0.05 in sheep, respectively, while it is 0.6 and 0.1 in goats, respectively. Serum ELISA performed better in goats than in sheep. Lowering the cut-off, in relation to the one recommended by the manufacturer, improved Se(ELISA) without seriously compromising Sp(ELISA), in either species.     

不同农艺措施对浦东滨海滩涂垦区土壤熟化的影响

上海市浦东新区滩涂垦区土壤经高灌低排水位工程淡水洗盐后进行田间试验,在水旱轮作模式中研究秸秆还田、畜禽粪便和不同茬口模式对滨海滩涂垦区土壤熟化的影响.经过2年田间试验,结果表明:不同改良措施中畜禽粪便对垦区土壤改良的效果最佳,可显著增加土壤转化酶、脲酶活性、微生物量、有机质和CEC.改良示范区产量虽然大幅度低于面上产量,但与常规对照相比,施用鸡粪和猪粪显著提高水稻及小麦产量.     

Effects of intercropping and Rhizobium inoculation on yield and rhizosphere bacterial community of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

The effects of intercropping with maize and Rhizobium inoculation on the yield of faba bean and rhizosphere bacterial diversity were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, amplified 16S rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), and 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that intercropping but not Rhizobium inoculation significantly increased the faba bean yield. Probably the relatively high level of native rhizobia in soil annulled the effect of rhizobia inoculation. ARDRA results showed that intercropping did not affect bacterial diversity whereas Rhizobium inoculation decreased bacterial diversity. The canonical correspondence analysis showed that the composition of bacterial community was changed apparently by intercropping, and there was a positive correlation (P = 0.724) between faba bean yields and intercropping and an apparent correlation (P = 0.648) between intercropping and total N. The available content of K and P had a lower effect on the bacterial community composition than did the total N content, Rhizobium inoculation, and microbial biomass C. Rhizobium inoculation negatively correlated with microbial biomass C (P = −0.827). These results revealed a complex interaction among the intercropped crops, inoculation with rhizobia, and indigenous bacteria and implied that the increase of faba bean production in intercropping might be related to the modification of rhizosphere bacterial community.     

上海地区花椰菜栽培最佳氮用量及其运筹

通过设置花椰菜(Brassica oleracea var.botrytis L.)横向与纵向的氮肥施肥田间试验,来探讨花椰菜最佳氮肥用量和最佳氮肥运筹。结果表明,当花椰菜的氮肥施用量为369.45kg/hm2时,其产量最高,为25 920kg/hm2;在同样磷钾肥背景条件下,氮肥最佳运筹比例为5:5,其产量均高于其他处理。这为上海地区花椰菜科学施肥决策提供了依据。     

Use of a novel serum ELISA method and the tonsil-carrier state for evaluation of Mycoplasma hyosynoviae distributions in pig herds with or without clinical arthritis

A novel indirect ELISA test using deoxycholate extracted antigens coated onto a hydrophobic polystyrene surface for measurement of serum antibodies specific for Mycoplasma hyosynoviae was developed. Sensitivity and specificity of the test were found to be superior to previous ELISAs as tested on porcine serum following experimental Mycoplasma infections as well as by analysis of samples from one Danish herd known to be free of M. hyosynoviae and samples from two Norwegian herds without clinical suspicion of M. hyosynoviae infections since their establishment. The epidemiology of M. hyosynoviae infection was then investigated in Danish pig herds with evidence of clinical M. hyosynoviae arthritis (MhA herds, n = 4) and in herds with M. hyosynoviae-carriers among slaughter pigs, but with limited clinical lameness (MhC herds, n = 4). M. hyosynoviae bacteriaemia and tonsil-carrier state were determined by culture of cross-sectional samples of whole-blood (n = 238) and tonsil scrapings (n = 322), respectively. Levels of serum antibodies (n = 396) were measured by the novel indirect ELISA test. There was no significant difference in the ELISA results between the MhA and the MhC herds. Pigs that were tonsil-carriers had a significantly higher response in the ELISA test (P < 0.001) than non-carriers. Slaughter pigs showed higher ELISA values (P < 0.001) and they were more prone to be tonsil-carriers (P < 0.001). The most critical period for spread of the infection seems to be the nursery period (4-12 weeks). The results indicate that M. hyosynoviae infection progresses similarly in herds irrespective of the presence of clinical arthritis. Thus, clinical arthritis due to M. hyosynoviae is probably triggered by other host or herd factors than low levels of serum antibodies or by differences in virulence factors between M. hyosynoviae strains.     

规模化肉牛场防疫规程

根据我们自己的实践,介绍了规范化肉牛场的一般防疫规程。     

Ethane ocean on titan

It is proposed that Saturn's satellite Titan is covered by an ocean one to several kilometers deep consisting mainly of ethane. If the ocean is in thermodynamic equilibrium with an atmosphere of 3 percent (mole fraction) methane, then its composition is roughly 70 percent ethane, 25 percent methane, and 5 percent nitrogen. Photochemical models predict that ethane is the dominant end product of methane photolysis so that the evolving ocean is both the source and sink for continuing photolysis. The coexisting atmosphere is compatible with Voyager data.     

龙眼长跗萤叶甲成虫田间消长规律及其防治

通过田间观察及气象因子分析,龙眼长跗萤叶甲成虫的发生与龙眼抽梢时间密切相关,而与温湿度无密切关系。该虫在广西南宁一年出现两个高峰期:3月下旬至4月中旬,6月下旬至9月下旬。室内外药剂筛选结果表明,90％晶体敌百虫、80％敌敌畏乳油、2.5％溴氰菊酯乳油、10％氯氰菊酯乳油、20％速灭杀丁乳油、48％乐斯本对龙眼长跗萤叶甲成虫有较好的防治效果。     

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Danish pig herds: productivity, clinical signs and pathology

A case-control study of 74 herds with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and 74 matched control herds was carried out. In the case herds the mortality rates of weaner and finisher pigs were 11.2 and 5.2 per cent respectively, compared with 3.1 and 3.2 per cent in the control herds. In most case herds, pmws developed within the first four weeks after weaning. Wasting, diarrhoea and respiratory signs were observed in 10 per cent of the weaner pigs (7 to 30 kg) in the case herds compared with 7 per cent in the control herds. The average daily gains of the weaner pigs and finisher pigs were 36 g and 52 g less in the case herds than in the control herds. By examining three weaner pigs from each herd the pmws diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry in 78 per cent of the case herds, but at least one pmws-positive weaner pig was found in 19 of the control herds. The prevalence of pmws-positive pigs among illthriven weaner pigs was 45 per cent (101/222) in the case herds, and 12 per cent (27/222) in the control herds. Specific gross pathological findings were associated with a positive pmws diagnosis; pigs with heavy, rubber-like lungs, atonic intestines, and enlarged bronchial and inguinal lymph nodes, had a 0.7 probability of a positive pmws diagnosis by laboratory examinations. However, for illthriven pigs, this probability of having pmws was equal in the case herds and the control herds.