5-氮胞苷对籼稻成熟胚愈伤组织生长和再分化的影响及诱变效应

用5-氮胞苷(5-azaC)处理籼型三系杂交水稻恢复系“明恢63”、“密阳46”和“特青2号”成熟胚诱导产生的愈伤组织,当5-azaC浓度为0.1mmol/L时,愈伤组织的增殖明显受抑;当5-azaC浓度达1.0mmol/L时,愈伤组织增殖率下降50%以上;5-azaC浓度提高到1.5mmol/L时,愈伤组织增殖率仅及对照的20%。分化阶段愈伤组织对5-azaC更敏感,当5-azaC的浓度为0.02mmol/L时,愈伤组织的再分化率明显下降,且随5-azaC浓度的增加,再分化率也显著下降,当5-azaC的浓度为0.2mmol/L时,各试验品种的愈伤组织的再分化力完全受抑,不能分化出幼苗。经5-azaC处理的愈伤组织再分化力也下降,但经预分化培养后分化力可恢复到较高水平。经5-azaC处理的愈伤组织再生植株产生了性状变异,出现了白化苗、矮秆、迟熟和早熟等变异体,当代的突变率为3.03%~5.31%。突变性状表现为单基因隐性突变,可稳定遗传。     

小麦HMW-GS与戊聚糖含量及其组分的相关分析和聚类分析

分析了21个不同小麦品种的HMW_GS组成,并测定了各品种戊聚糖及其组分的含量。根据亚基评分对不同小麦品种HMW_GS等位基因位点变异和亚基组合类型与戊聚糖、各组分和组分比值进行了相关分析,又根据评分和总戊聚糖含量对这21个品种进行了聚类。结果表明,供试材料的HMW_GS组合类型有11余种;不同品种间,阿拉伯糖变异大,木糖变异小,戊聚糖含量和各组分均有较大差异;大部分指标与Glu_1位点有显著的负相关,其中Glu_D1位点大于另外2个位点;N,7,17 18和2 12亚基对戊聚糖及各组分含量影响较大,烘烤品质较好的亚基1和5 10对戊聚糖及各组分含量的贡献则较小;含有亚基组合(N,7,2 12)的大部分戊聚糖指标含量均较高;聚类分析中把这些品种分为4类,第1类可以作为饲料生产,第3类可以作为食品工业生产。     

9种丛枝菌根真菌对柑橘砧木枳和资阳香橙生长发育的影响

丛枝菌根（Arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM）真菌能有效促进宿主植物对土壤中水分和养分的吸收以及对有机物质的分解,从而促进植物的生长。柑橘是菌根依赖型植物。丛枝菌根真菌对宿主植物没有严格的专一性,但有选择性,因此有必要筛选出不同砧木适宜的菌株。以柑橘砧木资阳香橙（Citrus Junos Sieb. ex Tanaka）和枳壳（Poncirus trifoliate L. Raf）幼苗进行盆栽试验,通过对不同砧木接种不同AM真菌后测定其生长性状,运用隶属函数法对各指标求其隶属函数值并累加计算综合分数并排名,筛选出促进香橙和枳壳生长的优势菌株。研究表明,接种不同AM真菌对不同砧木的生长发育存在显著差异,表现为促生和抑制两个效应。根据综合评价系数,香橙中隶属函数平均值较高的菌株为G.r(Glomus reticulatum)、R.c(Rhizophagus clarus)和R.i(Rhizophagus intraradices),分别为0.71、0.66和0.63;枳壳中隶属函数平均值较高的菌株为R.c(Rhizophagus clarus)、G.v(Glomus ver...     

不同施肥措施对天然生胶性能的影响

施肥是影响天然橡胶性能的重要因素之一,研究不同施肥措施调控天然生胶性能对于指导生产具有重要意义。选用成龄橡胶树,设置不施肥对照以及氮磷钾肥、有机肥、氮磷钾肥+有机肥、氮磷钾肥+有机肥+镁锌硼肥4种不同的施肥措施,通过探讨不同施肥措施对天然橡胶生胶特性的影响,为天然橡胶生产提供参考依据。研究结果表明,4种施肥措施均能提升生胶中的氮含量(12%)、塑性保持率(7%)和可塑性;氮磷钾肥在施肥初期降低了门尼黏度(17%),提高了生胶的可塑性;有机肥在施肥初期的门尼黏度高于对照26%,即提高了生胶分子量;氮磷钾肥+有机肥利于维持氮含量和杂质含量的稳定性;氮磷钾肥+有机肥+镁锌硼肥有利于保持生胶氮含量、挥发分含量、灰分含量以及塑性初值的一致性。综上所述,4种施肥措施中有机肥、氮磷钾肥+有机肥较为优秀,其次为氮磷钾肥,而氮磷钾肥+有机肥+镁锌硼肥则较差。     

正确认识和处理自然保护区建设中的问题

改革开放以来,自然保护区建设发展迅猛,取得了显著的成绩。但是,自然保护区的建设与管理也存在一系列矛盾和问题,如何正确认识和处理这些矛盾和问题,是摆在我们面前一个重大的课题。本文从生态学和社会学的角度出发,结合保护区基层工作的实际,就如何解决这些矛盾和问题,提出一些建议,旨在为自然保护区的建设与管理提供参考。     

文冠果优良无性系授粉组合选择及结实性状分析

  目的  探究文冠果Xanthoceras sorbifolium优良无性系最佳授粉组合,提高其坐果率、种实产量,为科学配置授粉树及优良种质资源无性系化推广提供参考。  方法  以文冠果5个优良无性系为材料,进行花期物候观测、柱头可授性及花粉活力检测。进行控制授粉,分析各授粉组合受精率、坐果率、种实产量及种实性状。  结果  ① 5个无性系开花时间在4月27日至5月14日。②雌能花开花当天及花后1 d柱头可授性较强。③雄能花初开放和完全开放当天花粉活力较高。④综合考虑各授粉组合受精率、最终坐果率、产量及种实性状得出,10号无性系较佳授粉组合为10×16、10×119,14号、15号、16号最佳授粉组合分别为14×15、15×16、16×15,10号、14号、15号、16号均不适合做119号的授粉无性系。  结论  科学的授粉树配置可以提高文冠果坐果率及种实产量。     

大千生果胶质提取工艺研究

本试验以果胶质作为考察指标,采用超声提取法,通过单因素试验和正交试验,研究对大千 生种子中果胶质提取的影响。实验结果表明:大千生种子中果胶质最佳提取工艺为提取功率200w, 料液比1:20,提取时间20min,提取温度60℃ 。在此最佳工艺下果胶质成分的含量最高为4.51％。     

Effects of different molecular weights of chitosan on methane production and bacterial community structure in vitro

As a new feed additive, chitosan has been shown in recent years to have a certain role in reducing methane emissions from the gastrointestinal tracts of ruminants. However, the effects of chitosan with different molecular weights on rumen fermentation, methane production and bacterial community structure are not yet clear. A basal diet without chitosan served as the control(CTL), and the treatment diets were supplemented with chitosan with different molecular weights: 1 000(1K), 3 000(3K), 5 000(5K), 50 000(5W) and 200 000(20W) dry matter(DM). Six fermentation units per treatment were established. Gas chromatography was used to measure the concentrations of methane, H_2 and volatile fatty acids(VFAs). The bacterial 16S rRNA genes were sequenced with an Illumina MiSeq platform and analysed to reveal the relative abundances of bacterial community taxa. The results showed that the propionate proportion was significantly increased by the addition of chitosan with different molecular weights(P0.05), while methane production and the acetate proportion were significantly decreased(P0.05). The relative abundances of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Prevotellaceae_UCG_003 were significantly increased in the 3K chitosan group compared with the CTL group, whereas the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group was significantly decreased(P0.05). Correlation analyses of the relative abundances of the bacterial genera showed that Prevotella was positively related to propionate production(P0.05). In conclusion, 3K chitosan could reduce methane production by replacing fibrolytic bacteria(Firmicutes and Fibrobacteres) with amylolytic bacteria(Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria) in the bacterial community structure.     

Screening of Human CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 Inhibitors from Seaweed In Silico and In Vitro

Phenolic compounds and carotenoids are potential inhibitors of cytochrome P450s. Sixteen known compounds, phenolic compounds and carotenoids from seaweed were examined for potential inhibitory capacity against CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in silico and in vitro. Morin, quercetin, and fucoxanthin inhibited the enzyme activity of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner. The IC₅₀ values of morin, quercetin, and fucoxanthin were 41.8, 22.5, and 30.3 μM for CYP1A2 and 86.6, 16.1, and 24.4 μM for CYP3A4, respectively. Siphonaxanthin and hesperidin did not show any significant effect on CYP1A2, but they slightly inhibited CYP3A4 activity at high concentrations. In silico modeling of CYP’s binding site revealed that the potential inhibitors bound in the cavity located above the distal surface of the heme prosthetic group through the 2a or 2f channel of CYPs. This study presents an approach for quickly predicting CYP inhibitory activity and shows the potential interactions of compounds and CYPs through in silico modeling.     

Genetic bases of source-,sink-,and yield-related traits revealed by genome-wide association study in Xian rice

The source-sink relationship determines the ultimate grain yield.We investigated the genetic basis of the relationship between source and sink and yield potential in rice.In two environments,we identified quantitative trait loci(QTL)associated with sink capacity(total spikelet number per panicle and thousand-grain weight),source leaf(flag leaf length,flag leaf width and flag leaf area),source-sink relationship(total spikelet number to flag leaf area ratio)and yield-related traits(filled grain number per panicle,panicle number per plant,grain yield per plant,biomass per plant,and harvest index)by genome-wide association analysis using 272 Xian(indica)accessions.The panel showed substantial variation for all traits in the two environments and revealed complex phenotypic correlations.A total of 70 QTL influencing the 11 traits were identified using 469,377 high-quality SNP markers.Five QTL were detected consistently in four chromosomal regions in both environments.Five QTL clusters simultaneously affected source,sink,source–sink relationship,and grain yield traits,probably explaining the genetic basis of significant correlations of grain yield with source and sink traits.We selected 24 candidate genes in the four consistent QTL regions by identifying linkage disequilibrium(LD)blocks associated with significant SNPs and performing haplotype analysis.The genes included one cloned gene(NOG1)and three newly identified QTL(qHI6,qTGW7,and qFLA8).These results provide a theoretical basis for high-yield rice breeding by increasing and balancing source–sink relationships using marker-assisted selection.