甜椒雄性不育系AB91的遗传特性及杂优利用研究

甜椒雄性不育系AB91 ,是河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所以田间发现的甜椒雄性不育株为不育源 ,经十几年选育而育成的甜椒雄性不育两用系 ,是一个雄性不育性与优良农艺性状、抗病性、高配合力高度统一的不育系。其不育性由一对隐性核基因控制 ,遗传简单、不育性稳定 ,不育花与可育花易于区别 ,恢复源广泛、配合力高 ,可较快地培育出不同类型的优良一代杂种。利用AB91 已选育出早、中、晚熟配套的系列甜椒杂交种 ,解决了我国甜椒一代杂种种子生产人工去雄的难题。利用AB91 生产一代杂种 ,简化了杂交制种程序 ,大大降低了杂交制种难度和成本 ,可保证杂种种子纯度。AB91 的育成及利用具有重大的学术价值和实用价值。     

利用钼值作为冬小麦缺钼土壤诊断指标的探讨

连续2年的盆栽试验结果说明,冬小麦产量随土壤有效钼含量或钼值提高而增加,当钼值大于8.0时,冬小麦籽粒产量大于最高产量的90％,冬小麦施钼增产不显著;结合多年以各地土壤进行的盆栽、田间试验结果说明,冬小麦施钼增产效果与土壤有效钼含量相关性不大,但冬小麦施钼增产率随土壤钼值提高而下降,钼值作为冬小麦土壤钼有效性指标能适用于不同土壤条件,拟定钼值8.0～8.5是冬小麦施钼的临界值。     

Femtosecond dynamics of electron localization at interfaces

The dynamics of two-dimensional small-polaron formation at ultrathin alkane layers on a silver(111) surface have been studied with femtosecond time- and angle-resolved two-photon photoemission spectroscopy. Optical excitation creates interfacial electrons in quasi-free states for motion parallel to the interface. These initially delocalized electrons self-trap as small polarons in a localized state within a few hundred femtoseconds. The localized electrons then decay back to the metal within picoseconds by tunneling through the adlayer potential barrier. The energy dependence of the self-trapping rate has been measured and modeled with a theory analogous to electron transfer theory. This analysis determines the inter- and intramolecular vibrational modes of the overlayer responsible for self-trapping as well as the relaxation energy of the overlayer molecular lattice. These results for a model interface contribute to the fundamental picture of electron behavior in weakly bonded solids and can lead to better understanding of carrier dynamics in many different systems, including organic light-emitting diodes.     

深圳设施栽培和露地蔬菜病害调查研究

１９９４－１９９７年对深圳宝安,龙岗两区１９镇及特区内设施栽培和露地３０多种蔬菜病害进行了调查研究。共鉴定真菌病害５１种,细菌病害（含ＭＬＯ）１１种,病毒病害５种,线虫病害１种,主要病害有２４种,另有５种非侵染性病害。其中黄瓜灰霉病,苋菜白锈病,甜椒白粉病及芫荽镰刀菌枯萎病在广东省未见报道,并对其分布,发生,为害,注行规律及防治进行了初步研究。     

鸡胆汁中提取牛磺酸的研究

本文采用碱解、酸化、结晶等简便的方法及工艺,从鸡胆汁中提取并纯化了天然牛磺酸,得产品经纸层析、薄层层析证实为牛磺酸,并经薄层扫描及分光光度计法测定该产品中牛磺酸含量达９９．８％。     

流式细胞光度术用于草莓倍性鉴定的研究

利用流式细胞光度术对草莓３个二倍体、１个五倍体、２个八倍体试管苗的细胞核ＤＮＡ的相对含量进行测定。结果表明,随着倍性水平的增加,细胞核ＤＮＡ相对含量随之成倍增加,说明可利用流式细胞光度术测定细胞核ＤＮＡ含量来进行倍性鉴定;利用这一技术对草莓几个杂交后代及诱变植株的倍性水平进行了鉴定,发现一诱变植株存在两群核ＤＮＡ相对含量相差近一倍的细胞,初步认为这一诱变植株为倍性嵌合体,该结果进一步证明这种方法的可靠性。     

外源水杨酸对杂交稻幼苗抗白叶枯病的效应

杂交水稻幼苗感染白叶枯病菌后,其叶片中ＳＯＤ和ＰＯＸ活性明显增强,ＭＤＡ含量和膜透性显著提高。经过一定浓度水杨酸（ＳＡ）浸种或３叶期幼苗根际预处理,ＳＯＤ和ＰＯＸ活性呈增长趋势,而膜脂过氧化作用受到不同程度的抑制。３叶期幼苗施用ＳＡ比浸种处理效果好。感病组合汕优６３的变化幅度大于抗病组合威优６号。可认为ＳＡ对杂交稻幼苗抗白叶枯病有一定效应。     

Inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to the epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by sodium oxalate in canine renal epithelial cells

High oxalate consumption has been recognized as a risk factor for renal calcium oxalate stones in companion animals (dogs and cats). However, the cellular signaling involved in oxalate-induced dysfunction in renal tubular epithelial cells remains not fully elucidated. In this study, Mardin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, an epithelial cell line derived from canine kidney tubule, were tested for cell proliferation activity and barrier function after being exposed to sodium oxalate (NaOx). Further, the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin in NaOx-induced renal epithelial barrier dysfunction was evaluated. MDCK cells treated with NaOx exhibited reduction in cell proliferation and migration. Besides, NaOx exposure led to a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance and an increase in paracellular permeability. The deleterious effects of NaOx on epithelial barrier function were related to the suppressed abundance of tight junction proteins including zonula occludens, occludin, and claudin-1. Of note, protein levels of β-catenin and phosphorylated (p)-β-catenin (Ser552) in MDCK cells were repressed by NaOx, indicating inhibitory effects on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. An inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) by SB216763 enhanced the abundance of β-catenin and p-β-catenin (Ser552), and protected against epithelial barrier dysfunction in NaOx-treated MDCK cells. The results revealed a critical role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the epithelial barrier function of MDCK cells. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of oxalate-linked renal stones.     

1998年低温冷害对水稻生育的影响

１９９８ 年分蘖前期低温,使水稻出叶及出分蘖速度减慢,叶色浅,营养生长延迟,后期升温,出叶速度和出分蘖速度以及叶色级数迅速增加,营养生长得到恢复,有效分蘖终止期和最高分蘖期的叶龄指数分别降低２ ％ 和４ ％ ,有效分蘖率降低３ ％ ．     

有机肥、化肥配施对水稻产量的影响

通过产量构成因素相关分析可知,产量与产量构成因素之间呈显著正相关,求得有机肥、氮、磷、钾不同配比下的水稻生产最优模型,适用于以障碍型冷害为主的年份,最高产量的最优配比为２９１ ．５∶２ ．３∶１∶１．９ ．