辣椒中可用于辅助选择的分子标记及其研究进展

分子标记辅助选择已成为植物育种领域的热点,在辣椒的育种中具有广阔的应用潜力。对分子标记辅助选择方法及其在辣椒育种中的应用进行综述,并对其发展前景进行展望。     

不同处理对樱桃番茄贮藏特性的影响

用蔗糖基聚合物和施保克(咪鲜胺)对樱桃番茄进行采后处理.结果显示,施保克和蔗糖基聚合物处理能降低樱桃番茄的呼吸强度,抑制VC含量下降和过氧化物酶升高.另外,蔗糖基聚合物处理的果实SS,SPS的活性明显高于对照.高活性的SS和SPS有利于果实内糖分的积累.     

辣椒中可用于辅助选择的分子标记及其研究进展

分子标记辅助选择已成为植物育种领域的热点,在辣椒的育种中具有广阔的应用潜力.对分子标记辅助选择方法及其在辣椒育种中的应用进行综述,并对其发展前景进行展望.     

云南暗褐网柄牛肝菌发生地的特点及土壤分析

以云南10个暗褐网柄牛肝菌发生地的土样为试材,调查发生地的生境及出菇情况,并采用主成分分析法对其土壤肥力进行评价,研究土壤肥力对暗褐网柄牛肝菌出菇的影响。结果表明:暗褐网柄牛肝菌发生地的海拔范围在613~1 370 m,东经100°05'~101°32',北纬21°40'~25°03';暗褐网柄牛肝菌出菇较好的是嘎栋的凤凰木树下,每3 m2≥1个,其次是临沧幸福镇的枇杷树下,每4 m2≥1,出菇较差的是打洛的桃树下,每40 m2≥1;凤凰木树根上较易感染牛肝菌菌丝并形成菌腔虫瘿,菌腔虫瘿量与牛肝菌的发生量成正比关系;土壤肥力综合排名得分为幸福镇东风星火山(低)试验基地振东果林农场嘎栋景洪勐养打洛资源圃星火山(高),幸福镇土壤肥力综合得分排第1位,出菇也较多,表明土壤的肥力对暗褐网柄牛肝菌的出菇起着非常重要的作用。     

银杏古树不同产地和家系子代生长及叶片药用成分含量的差异

以4个产地24株银杏古树家系的实生苗为试材,采用单因素完全随机设计于云南同一立地条件下培育,研究不同产地及家系间子代的生长指标及叶片药用成分的差异。结果表明:苗龄0.6年时,不同产地间,平均叶面积、叶片数、叶片厚、地径和苗高分别为17.52~20.17cm2、5.6~8.4片·株-1、0.21~0.24mm,0.42~0.52cm和9.69~13.17cm,除叶片厚无显著差异(P0.05)外,其它指标间均具有显著或极显著差异(P0.05或P0.01);家系间,以上5个指标分别为11.12~27.41cm2、4.3~12.5片·株-1、0.15~0.29mm、0.29~0.56cm和6.18~13.65cm,家系间5个指标均呈极显著差异(P0.01)。同龄苗木的家系折干黄酮和内酯含量分别为1.49%~1.91%和0.48%~0.84%,24株家系中,黄酮和内酯含量相对较高的优良家系分别有8株和4株,二者含量较高的优良家系仅1株。银杏叶片内黄酮及内酯含量与生长指标间呈现未达显著水平的负相关。药用为主的银杏叶用人工原料林培育的良种选育应采用产地-家系-单株的联合选育模式。     

Perception of Asian carp as a possible food source among Missouri anglers

Silver and bighead carps were imported from China to the United States in the 1970s as a biological control mechanism for improving water quality. After escaping captivity, both species spread into the Mississippi River Basin and now threaten to enter the Great Lakes. Human consumption is one solution, but many Americans believe that carp is unsavory. A random sample of 2,000 licensed anglers in Missouri was asked to complete a mail-back questionnaire about Asian carp, yielding a 27% response rate (n = 465). Results indicated that knowledge and perception about carp were poor, and food neophobia (fear of new foods) scores were above average. Less than 15% of respondents had eaten carp, but nearly 53% were willing to try. Marketing should focus on the benefits of consumption while downplaying any possible concerns. Although education programs are worthwhile, taste might be more influential to change public attitudes toward Asian carp.     

不同中药对中性粒细胞迁移微血管内皮细胞后溶菌酶释放量的影响

试验旨在探讨脂多糖（LPS）刺激大鼠肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞（RIMVECs）对跨内皮迁移中性粒细胞（PMNs）溶菌酶释放量的影响及白头翁、黄连、黄柏、秦皮、马齿苋的干预作用。选取0、0.1、1、10、100 μg/mL LPS刺激RIMVECs,采用ELISA法检测12和24 h细胞培养上清液中IL-6水平以确定后续试验所需LPS浓度。建立PMNs跨RIMVECs黏附模型和迁移的Transwell模型,采用细胞计数法、染色法、ELISA方法评价5种中药对LPS刺激RIMVECs后PMNs的黏附情况、迁移率及其溶菌酶释放量的影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,10 μg/mL LPS作用RIMVECs后24 h时的IL-6水平极显著升高（P<0.001）;与LPS组相比,黄连、白头翁组的PMNs黏附率显著降低（P<0.05）,溶菌酶释放量极显著升高（P<0.001）,秦皮、白头翁组迁移率显著降低（P<0.05）。提示LPS刺激内皮细胞显著抑制了PMNs杀菌酶的释放,中药黄连、白头翁可以显著减轻这种抑制作用,PMNs杀菌酶的释放可能与内皮细胞的功能完整性有关,本试验为进一步筛选有效中药水溶性成分提供了理论依据。     

Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells:a feed-back regulation by mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1)

Background: Endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress is associated with multiple pathological processes of intestinal diseases. Despite a critical role of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(m TORC1) in regulating cellular stress response, the crosstalk between m TORC1 and ER stress signaling and its contribution to the intestinal barrier function is unknown.Results: In the present study, we showed that intestinal epithelial cells(IEC-6) incubated with tunicamycin led to caspase-3-dependent apoptotic cell death. The induction of cell death was accompanied by activation of unfolded protein response as evidenced by increased protein levels for Bi P, p-IRE1α, p-e IF2α, p-JNK, and CHOP. Further study demonstrated that tunicamycin-induced cell death was enhanced by rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of m TORC1.Consistently, tunicamycin decreased transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER) and increased permeability of the cells. These effects of tunicamycin were exacerbated by m TORC1 inhibitor.Conclusions: Taken together, the data presented here identified a previously unknown crosstalk between an unfold protein response and m TORC1 signaling in the intestinal epithelium. This feed-back loop regulation on ER stress signaling by m TORC1 is critical for cell survival and intestinal permeability in epithelial cells.     

基于RNA-Seq技术的苜蓿根蘖性状发生相关下调基因

为了从分子水平上分析苜蓿(Medicago sativa)根蘖性状的发生机制,对根蘖型苜蓿的根蘖与非根蘖根部进行RNA-seq转录组文库构建,并分析差异表达基因及其功能。分别提取品系"BL-101"的根蘖型苜蓿根蘖与非根蘖部位总RNA,利用磁珠法分离m RNA后通过PCR扩增构建RNA-Seq转录组文库,并对差异表达基因进行分析,得到差异表达基因15 978条,本研究重点分析下调基因,通过生物过程分类,发现与根蘖性状发生有关的表达下调的基因为5个,经生物学信息分析确定,其中2个属于Lon蛋白酶家族,其余分别属于植物肌动蛋白酶家族,硫氧还蛋白和脂氧合酶,其与植物抗逆性相关,且与植物激素ABA的调控有关。研究结果可以为探讨苜蓿根蘖性状发生的分子机制提供理论依据。     

芋种质资源颜色性状多样性观察

为了探究芋种质资源颜色性状的变化规律,以保存在国家种质武汉水生蔬菜资源圃的300多份芋种质资源为材料,按照《农作物种质资源鉴定评价技术规范芋》对芋种质资源的颜色性状进行观察和归类,并重点对芋的叶心色斑颜色、叶柄中下部颜色及母芋芽色的相关性进行总结和探讨。根据叶柄中下部颜色将滇南芋分为绿柄野芋(白芽类型)、乌绿柄野芋(红芽类型)和紫柄野芋(白芽类型)3个类型;将芋中的多子芋分为绿柄多子芋(一般为白芽类型)、乌绿柄多子芋(一般为红芽类型)和红紫柄多子芋(白芽类型)3个基本类型,将芋中的多头芋分为绿柄多头芋(白芽类型)和乌绿柄多头芋(红芽类型)2个类型。从滇南芋和芋的整体来看,只要叶柄中下部颜色含有乌绿色成分,则母芋芽色一般为红色类型。从叶心色斑颜色来看,滇南芋中的绿色者,母芋芽色为白色类型;紫红色或紫色者,母芋芽色可能为白色类型,也可能为红色类型。芋中,多子芋叶心色斑颜色为紫红色者,母芋芽色为红色类型;黄绿色或绿色者,母芋芽色为白色类型。多头芋中,叶心色斑颜色为绿色者,母芋芽色为红色类型;紫红色者,母芋芽色为白色类型。