种草和施用聚丙烯酰胺对荒坡紫色土抗剪和抗蚀性能的影响研究

为探究种植草类和施用聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对荒坡紫色土抗侵蚀性的影响,尤其是对其抗剪和抗蚀性能的影响,选取狗牙根和三叶草进行盆栽试验,设计了对照、单植草类、单施PAM和复合措施(“草类+PAM”)4类处理开展研究,测定了根系指标和土壤理化性状指标,计算了土壤的抗剪强度指标和抗蚀性指标。结果表明,狗牙根和三叶草根系均能显著降低土壤容重、提高土壤孔隙度和有机质含量(P<0.05),有效增强土壤的抗剪和抗蚀性能;施加PAM能有效促进上述草类各径级根系的生长,显著改善土壤的微结构(P<0.05),尤其是非毛管孔隙度(单施PAM为CK的1.15~1.31倍),提高土体抗剪强度及内摩擦角φ,增大粒径>0.25 mm、>0.5 mm的水稳性团聚体含量、平均重量直径和几何平均直径等抗蚀性指标;PAM对荒坡紫色土抗剪和抗蚀性能的增强效果存在最优浓度;草类根系对土壤抗剪性能的影响较抗蚀性能明显,能显著提高土体的抗剪性能(P<0.05),尤其是增大土壤粘聚力;PAM对土壤抗蚀性能的影响较抗剪性能明显,能显著促进土壤团聚体大颗粒的形成和小颗粒的减少,显著提高土壤团聚度和改善土壤团聚结构等(P<0.05);较单一措施,“草类+PAM”对荒坡紫色土抗剪和抗蚀性能的增强效果最为明显,其中狗牙根与30 g·m^-3的PAM混施时效果最优;0相似文献   

超声波处理对葡萄酒香气成分变化的影响

以新鲜干红葡萄酒为试验材料,使用SK台式超声波处理机进行人工催陈,采用气相色谱和质谱联用的方法,研究了经超声波处理酒样香气成分的变化情况,并对经过超声波处理后酒样进行感官分析.结果表明:新鲜干红葡萄酒经超声波处理18 min后,总酯的相对含量从19.61% 增加至31.19%,总醇的相对含量从70.16%降低至60.43%,说明超声波处理可使新鲜干红葡萄酒样在催陈过程中进行氧化、还原、酯化等作用,促进酒体老熟去杂增香使酒体柔和老熟,感官评定多项评定指标分数增加.     

黑木耳蛋白质中硒的分布规律研究

采用补硒培养的富硒黑木耳,经粉碎、脱脂,提取可溶性蛋白质,并通过分成 A、B、C、D、E 5组进行分级盐析,用石墨炉原子吸收光度法测定它们各组分中的含硒量.初步研究了黑木耳蛋白质中硒的分布规律.结果表明:在各盐析组分中均有含硒蛋白质存在,以D组硒含量最高,其分布次序为 D>E>C>B>A.因此,组分D(70%～80%硫酸铵饱和度)是最适合开发成为补硒蛋白质食品或添加剂.     

银杏古树不同产地和家系子代生长及叶片药用成分含量的差异

以4个产地24株银杏古树家系的实生苗为试材,采用单因素完全随机设计于云南同一立地条件下培育,研究不同产地及家系间子代的生长指标及叶片药用成分的差异。结果表明:苗龄0.6年时,不同产地间,平均叶面积、叶片数、叶片厚、地径和苗高分别为17.52~20.17cm2、5.6~8.4片·株-1、0.21~0.24mm,0.42~0.52cm和9.69~13.17cm,除叶片厚无显著差异(P0.05)外,其它指标间均具有显著或极显著差异(P0.05或P0.01);家系间,以上5个指标分别为11.12~27.41cm2、4.3~12.5片·株-1、0.15~0.29mm、0.29~0.56cm和6.18~13.65cm,家系间5个指标均呈极显著差异(P0.01)。同龄苗木的家系折干黄酮和内酯含量分别为1.49%~1.91%和0.48%~0.84%,24株家系中,黄酮和内酯含量相对较高的优良家系分别有8株和4株,二者含量较高的优良家系仅1株。银杏叶片内黄酮及内酯含量与生长指标间呈现未达显著水平的负相关。药用为主的银杏叶用人工原料林培育的良种选育应采用产地-家系-单株的联合选育模式。     

Perception of Asian carp as a possible food source among Missouri anglers

Silver and bighead carps were imported from China to the United States in the 1970s as a biological control mechanism for improving water quality. After escaping captivity, both species spread into the Mississippi River Basin and now threaten to enter the Great Lakes. Human consumption is one solution, but many Americans believe that carp is unsavory. A random sample of 2,000 licensed anglers in Missouri was asked to complete a mail-back questionnaire about Asian carp, yielding a 27% response rate (n = 465). Results indicated that knowledge and perception about carp were poor, and food neophobia (fear of new foods) scores were above average. Less than 15% of respondents had eaten carp, but nearly 53% were willing to try. Marketing should focus on the benefits of consumption while downplaying any possible concerns. Although education programs are worthwhile, taste might be more influential to change public attitudes toward Asian carp.     

不同中药对中性粒细胞迁移微血管内皮细胞后溶菌酶释放量的影响

试验旨在探讨脂多糖（LPS）刺激大鼠肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞（RIMVECs）对跨内皮迁移中性粒细胞（PMNs）溶菌酶释放量的影响及白头翁、黄连、黄柏、秦皮、马齿苋的干预作用。选取0、0.1、1、10、100 μg/mL LPS刺激RIMVECs,采用ELISA法检测12和24 h细胞培养上清液中IL-6水平以确定后续试验所需LPS浓度。建立PMNs跨RIMVECs黏附模型和迁移的Transwell模型,采用细胞计数法、染色法、ELISA方法评价5种中药对LPS刺激RIMVECs后PMNs的黏附情况、迁移率及其溶菌酶释放量的影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,10 μg/mL LPS作用RIMVECs后24 h时的IL-6水平极显著升高（P<0.001）;与LPS组相比,黄连、白头翁组的PMNs黏附率显著降低（P<0.05）,溶菌酶释放量极显著升高（P<0.001）,秦皮、白头翁组迁移率显著降低（P<0.05）。提示LPS刺激内皮细胞显著抑制了PMNs杀菌酶的释放,中药黄连、白头翁可以显著减轻这种抑制作用,PMNs杀菌酶的释放可能与内皮细胞的功能完整性有关,本试验为进一步筛选有效中药水溶性成分提供了理论依据。     

Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells:a feed-back regulation by mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1)

Background: Endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress is associated with multiple pathological processes of intestinal diseases. Despite a critical role of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(m TORC1) in regulating cellular stress response, the crosstalk between m TORC1 and ER stress signaling and its contribution to the intestinal barrier function is unknown.Results: In the present study, we showed that intestinal epithelial cells(IEC-6) incubated with tunicamycin led to caspase-3-dependent apoptotic cell death. The induction of cell death was accompanied by activation of unfolded protein response as evidenced by increased protein levels for Bi P, p-IRE1α, p-e IF2α, p-JNK, and CHOP. Further study demonstrated that tunicamycin-induced cell death was enhanced by rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of m TORC1.Consistently, tunicamycin decreased transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER) and increased permeability of the cells. These effects of tunicamycin were exacerbated by m TORC1 inhibitor.Conclusions: Taken together, the data presented here identified a previously unknown crosstalk between an unfold protein response and m TORC1 signaling in the intestinal epithelium. This feed-back loop regulation on ER stress signaling by m TORC1 is critical for cell survival and intestinal permeability in epithelial cells.     

基于RNA-Seq技术的苜蓿根蘖性状发生相关下调基因

为了从分子水平上分析苜蓿(Medicago sativa)根蘖性状的发生机制,对根蘖型苜蓿的根蘖与非根蘖根部进行RNA-seq转录组文库构建,并分析差异表达基因及其功能。分别提取品系"BL-101"的根蘖型苜蓿根蘖与非根蘖部位总RNA,利用磁珠法分离m RNA后通过PCR扩增构建RNA-Seq转录组文库,并对差异表达基因进行分析,得到差异表达基因15 978条,本研究重点分析下调基因,通过生物过程分类,发现与根蘖性状发生有关的表达下调的基因为5个,经生物学信息分析确定,其中2个属于Lon蛋白酶家族,其余分别属于植物肌动蛋白酶家族,硫氧还蛋白和脂氧合酶,其与植物抗逆性相关,且与植物激素ABA的调控有关。研究结果可以为探讨苜蓿根蘖性状发生的分子机制提供理论依据。     

芋种质资源颜色性状多样性观察

为了探究芋种质资源颜色性状的变化规律,以保存在国家种质武汉水生蔬菜资源圃的300多份芋种质资源为材料,按照《农作物种质资源鉴定评价技术规范芋》对芋种质资源的颜色性状进行观察和归类,并重点对芋的叶心色斑颜色、叶柄中下部颜色及母芋芽色的相关性进行总结和探讨。根据叶柄中下部颜色将滇南芋分为绿柄野芋(白芽类型)、乌绿柄野芋(红芽类型)和紫柄野芋(白芽类型)3个类型;将芋中的多子芋分为绿柄多子芋(一般为白芽类型)、乌绿柄多子芋(一般为红芽类型)和红紫柄多子芋(白芽类型)3个基本类型,将芋中的多头芋分为绿柄多头芋(白芽类型)和乌绿柄多头芋(红芽类型)2个类型。从滇南芋和芋的整体来看,只要叶柄中下部颜色含有乌绿色成分,则母芋芽色一般为红色类型。从叶心色斑颜色来看,滇南芋中的绿色者,母芋芽色为白色类型;紫红色或紫色者,母芋芽色可能为白色类型,也可能为红色类型。芋中,多子芋叶心色斑颜色为紫红色者,母芋芽色为红色类型;黄绿色或绿色者,母芋芽色为白色类型。多头芋中,叶心色斑颜色为绿色者,母芋芽色为红色类型;紫红色者,母芋芽色为白色类型。