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151.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the minimum anesthetic concentration for sevoflurane and effects of various multiples of minimum anesthetic concentration on arterial pressure and heart rate during controlled ventilation in chickens. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective experimental study. ANIMALS: Seven healthy chickens, 6 to 8 months old, weighing 1.6 to 3.4 kg. METHODS: A rebreathing, semiclosed anesthetic circuit was used. Anesthesia was induced by mask with sevoflurane in oxygen. Each chicken was endotracheally intubated, then controlled ventilation was started and the end-tidal CO2 partial pressure was maintained at 30 to 40 mm Hg. Body temperature was maintained at 39.5 degrees to 41.0 degrees C. The inspired and end-tidal sevoflurane concentration were monitored with a multigas monitor. Minimum anesthetic concentration was determined as the minimal end-tidal sevoflurane concentration which prevented gross purposeful movement in response to clamping a toe for 1 minute. After the determination, the cardiovascular effects of sevoflurane at 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 times the minimum anesthetic concentration were determined. RESULTS: The minimum anesthetic concentration for sevoflurane was 2.21% + 0.32% (mean +/- SD). Mean arterial pressure and heart rate at minimum anesthetic concentration were 84 +/- 13 mm Hg and 150 +/- 58 beats/min, respectively. There was a dose-dependent decrease in arterial pressure. The heart rate did not change significantly over the range 1 to 2 x minimum anesthetic concentration. No cardiac arrhythmias developed throughout the experiments. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The minimum anesthetic concentration for sevoflurane in chickens was within the range of minimum alveolar concentration reported in mammals. When the concentration of sevoflurane is increased during controlled ventilation in chickens, decrease in arterial pressure should be expected. 相似文献
152.
Tazumi A Maeda Y Buckley T Millar B Goldsmith C Dooley J Elborn J Matsuda M Moore J 《Irish veterinary journal》2009,62(7):456-459
Clinical isolates (n = 63) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from various sites in 63 horses were compared using ERIC2 RAPD PCR to determine their genetic relatedness. Resulting banding patterns (n = 24 genotypes) showed a high degree of genetic heterogeneity amongst all isolates examined, indicating a relative non-clonal relationship between isolates from these patients, employing this genotyping technique. This study characterised 63 clinical isolates into 24 distinct genotypes, with the largest cluster (genotype E) accounting for 10/63 (15.9%) of the isolates. ERIC2 RAPD PCR proved to be a highly discriminatory molecular typing tool of P. aeruginosa in isolates recovered from horses. With the adoption of several controls to aid reproducibility, this technique may be useful as an alternative to PFGE, particularly in epidemiological investigations of outbreaks where speed may be a significant parameter. This is the first report of clonal heterogeneity amongst P. aeruginosa from horses and demonstrated that ERIC RAPD PCR is a rapid method for the examination of this species in horses, which may be useful in outbreak analysis. 相似文献
153.
The branching mode of the middle rectal artery from the prostatic artery was studied by gross dissection in 50 male dogs. The prostatic artery arose at the level of the lst-3rd sacral vertebra from the internal pudendal artery, and gave off the ductus deferential and the middle rectal arteries, and supplied the prostate. The middle rectal artery ran caudally along the pelvic peritoneum, and supplied the rectum ampulla. The branching mode of the middle rectal artery could be classified into four types. Nineteen cases on the right side and 22 cases on the left side showed that the middle rectal artery was a first visceral branch of the prostatic artery. Fifteen cases on the right side and 11 cases on the left side showed that it was a second visceral branch of the prostatic artery which gave off the ductus deferential artery as its first visceral branch. Nine cases on the right side and 7 cases on the left side showed that it arose at the prostatic artery ramifying at the surface of the prostate. Seven cases on the right side and 10 cases on the left side showed that it arose at the urethral branch of the prostatic artery. 相似文献
154.
Localization of a novel RNA-binding protein, SKIV2L2, to the nucleus in the round spermatids of mice
Osman BA Kawashima A Tamba M Satoh E Kato Y Iki A Konishi K Matsuda M Okamura N 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2011,57(4):457-467
In our previous study (Kawashima et al., Biol Reprod 2009; 80: 1293-1304), we suggested that the first cycle of spermatogenesis recovered from busulfan-induced temporary arrest was a good model system to analyze the proteins expressed at the specific stages of spermatogenesis in the mouse, and this has been confirmed in the present paper. Namely, six-week-old mice were injected with busulfan at 20 mg/kg body weight. The germ cells except for the undifferentiated spermatogonia disappeared by 32 days after injection. The surviving spermatogonia started to proliferate, and spermatogenesis was entirely recovered about 77 days after injection. By proteome analysis of the busulfan-treated testis during the process of recovery of spermatogenesis, we identified a protein that was expected to be expressed in the spermatogenic cells as Superkiller viralicidic activity-2-like-2 (SKIV2L2). Skiv2l2 mRNA was found in the kidney, epididymis and heart as well as the testis. In the testis, Skiv2l2 mRNA was shown to be highly expressed in the spermatocytes at stages I to VI. On the other hand, SKIV2L2 protein was found to be predominantly localized in the nuclei of round spermatids. In accordance with the fact that SKIV2L2 belongs to the Ski2 family within the superfamily 2 of RNA helicases, it has been shown that SKIV2L2 has both the RNA-binding and ATPase activities. 相似文献
155.
Fujiko MinamiMakoto Nagai Mika ItoTatsuhiko Matsuda Hikaru TakaiYoshiko Jinkawa Takeshi ShimanoMichiko Hayashi Yoshihisa SekiYoshihiro Sakoda Katsuaki SugiuraHiroomi Akashi 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2011,34(1):35-39
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) field isolates show genetic and antigenic diversity. At least 14 subgenotypes of BVDV-1 and 4 of BVDV-2 have been identified in Artiodactyla worldwide. Of these, 6 subgenotypes of BVDV-1 and 1 of BVDV-2 have been isolated in Japan. Previously, we reported that each subgenotype virus expresses different antigenic characteristics. Here we investigated the reactivity of neutralizing antibodies against representative strains of Japanese BVDV subgenotypes using sera from 266 beef cattle to estimate the prevalence of this epidemic virus among cattle in Japan. Antibody titers at concentrations at least 4-fold higher than antibodies against other subgenotype viruses were considered subgenotype specific. Subgenotype-specific antibodies were detected from 117 (80.7%) of 145 sera samples (69.7% against BVDV-1a, 1.4% against BVDV-1b, 8.3% against BVDV-1c, and 1.4% against BVDV-2a). The results suggest that neutralization tests are useful in estimating currently epidemic subgenotypes of BVDV in the field. 相似文献
156.
Okazaki R Shibauchi T Shi HJ Haga Y Matsuda TD Yamamoto E Onuki Y Ikeda H Matsuda Y 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6016):439-442
A second-order phase transition is characterized by spontaneous symmetry breaking. The nature of the broken symmetry in the so-called "hidden-order" phase transition in the heavy-fermion compound URu(2)Si(2), at transition temperature T(h) = 17.5 K, has posed a long-standing mystery. We report the emergence of an in-plane anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility below T(h), which breaks the four-fold rotational symmetry of the tetragonal URu(2)Si(2). Two-fold oscillations in the magnetic torque under in-plane field rotation were sensitively detected in small pure crystals. Our findings suggest that the hidden-order phase is an electronic "nematic" phase, a translationally invariant metallic phase with spontaneous breaking of rotational symmetry. 相似文献
157.
Neurosecretory cell: capable of conducting impulse in rats 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Electriic vtinulation of the rat neurohypophlysis in Situ evoked the unit action potentials. in the supraoptic nucleus. Compound and unit action potentials. were recorded from the isolated neurohypophysis stimulation. The applicaition of solutions high in potassium or devoid of sodium made the neurohypophysis inexcitable. Mammalian neurosecretsecretory cells have the neuronal properties generation and conduction of action potentials. 相似文献
158.
Conversion of soluble potassium to insoluble or hardly replaceable forms, referred to as K-fixation in soils1), has been studied by a number of researchers from the stlandpoint of clay mineralogy2). It has been recognized that vermiculite and mont-morillonite are K- or NH4-fixers and that the trapping of K or NH4 between the lattice unit sheets of these clay minerals is a principal cause. 相似文献
159.
The cause of the decrease in the Fe2+ concentration of the soil solution in the later period of soil waterlogging was investigated. After 7-d incubation of the soil solutions separated from previously waterlogged soils (PWdS), a greyish precipitate (PPT) was observed in the soil solutions. The color of the PPT became reddish brown after separation from the solutions and freeze-drying. The PPT observed in 14-d-PWdS contained 352.6 g Fe kg-1, 62.5 g C kg-1, 22.6 g P kg-1, 11.3 g Si kg-1, 9.9 g N kg-1, 0.7 g Al kg-1 and a trace amount of Mn. However, Ca, Mg, K, and Na could not be detected. It was concluded that the separated PPT was dominated by amorphous ferric hydroxide based on the chemical analysis, broad IR absorption band at 585 cm-1 and exothermic peak at 301°C. The data of chemical analysis and the characteristic IR bands of the PPT suggested that organic substances and presumably aluminosilicate anion were adsorbed onto the freshly-formed ferric hydroxide. The dominant phase of the greyish PPT in the reductive soil solution was considered to be ferrous PPT and was assumed to consist mainly of carbonate and/or hydroxide, and concomitantly of phosphate. The formation of the ferrous PPT in the soil solution in the later period of soil waterlogging was considered to (i) cause the decrease of concentration of Fe2+ ion and of other divalent cations such as Ca2+ due to the re-adsorption of Ca2+ on soil clays through the cation exchange reaction with Fe2+ ion, and consequently (ii) enhance the dispersion of the soil colloidal suspension. 相似文献
160.
T. Hirai Y. Shibata M. Matsuda M. Yoshikuni Y. Nagahama 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2003,28(1-4):345-346
Four types of GPHR cDNAs have been cloned from ovary and testis of medaka (Oryzias latipes) and their gene constructions have been determined. Two of them are closely related to known fish receptors for FSH and LH, respectively. Changes in their mRNA levels were examined during the course of oogenesis. FSH receptor mRNA could not be detected from 20 h before ovulation, whereas LH mRNA remained 5 h before ovulation. 相似文献