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41.
草地贪夜蛾对我国玉米产业的潜在经济损失评估 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda,又称秋黏虫,起源于美洲。自2019年1月入侵我国云南以来,目前已扩散至我国25个省、市(区)。目前在我国发现的草地贪夜蛾主要为害玉米,本研究在收集了草地贪夜蛾的为害及防治情况,玉米的产量、面积、价格等相关数据的基础上,利用随机模型@RISK分别预测了其在防治与不防治场景下对我国玉米产业的潜在经济损失。结果表明,在不防治场景下,草地贪夜蛾对我国玉米的潜在经济损失总量的90%置信区间为375.68亿~3 283.45亿元,投入防治后可挽回的潜在经济损失90%置信区间为254.78亿~2 918.93亿元。因此,为保护我国玉米种植业的安全生产,应加强田间防治来降低其对我国玉米产业造成的潜在经济损失。 相似文献
42.
为有效转化利用废弃木耳菌渣,解决木耳菌渣稻苗基质化利用过程中出现的稻苗黄化现象问题,通过分析木耳菌渣理化性质及对水稻种子采取硫酸亚铁溶液浸种处理的方法,进行木耳菌渣稻苗基质化利用研究。结果表明:1)虽然腐熟菌渣的有机质含量、保水性及速效养分等特性有利于做水稻育苗基质,但盐分浓度较高、偏碱性、密度较小不适宜单一菌渣做育苗基质;2)单一菌渣基质培育稻苗,会出现黄化现象,原因在于单一菌渣基质有效铁含量偏低,造成了叶片含铁量少;3)硫酸亚铁浸种处理可以控制稻苗黄化现象,但会诱导植株株高伸长;4)0.014mol/L硫酸亚铁与0.051mmol/L多效唑混合浸种液在20℃下浸种处理3d,能够有效控制稻苗黄化现象和植株的徒长。同体积的腐熟菌渣和稻田土混合配制成的育苗基质,稻种采用硫酸亚铁溶液与多效唑溶液混合浸种处理的方法,能够育出壮实的大龄机插秧苗。 相似文献
43.
Protoplasts were isolated from the leaves of sterile plants ofPopulus euphratica Oliv. by using 1% Cellulase “Onozuka” RS and 0.25% Pectolyase Y-23 in 0.6m of mannitol solution. Protoplasts were cultured in modified Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium which contained no ammonium
ions but was supplemented with BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), 2,4-D (2,4- dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid), and 1% sucrose at the
cell density of 9×104/ml. Cell divisions occurred in every culture medium, especially in the medium containing 0.5 mg/l of BAP and 0.1 mg/l of
2,4-D, in which callus was successfully induced by successive culture through cell cluster formation. Shoots were regenerated
from the callus, and their growth was enhanced on 1/2 MS medium containing 0.8 mg/l of BAP. Finally, shoots were rooted and
plantlets were regenerated on 1/2 MS medium without a hormone.
A part of this paper was presented at the 106th Annual Meeting of the Jpn. For. Soc. (1995). 相似文献
44.
Evaluating the durability of wood-based panels using internal bond strength results from accelerated aging treatments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this study, the durability of wood-based panels was evaluated by comparing the internal bond (IB) strength retention after
five different laboratory-based accelerated aging tests with the IB retention after 5 years of outdoor exposure in Shizuoka
City. In each accelerated aging test, the IB retention of MDI-bonded panels showed high retention compared to other panels.
Outdoor exposure in Shizuoka City resulted in an IB retention value for particleboard (PF) and oriented strandboard (aspen)
of less than 10% after the 5-year exposure period. Medium-density fiberboards maintained their initial IB strength over the
same period. Calculation of the mean IB retention for all board types allowed comparison of the severity of aging between
the accelerated test methods and outdoor exposure. The ASTM six-cycle test method was the most severe among the standard treatment
cycles applied. 相似文献
45.
Heat treatments change the chemical and physical properties of wood and dimensional stability and hygroscopicity are affected
as a result of modifications of wood cell components. This study evaluated the water absorption of wood specimens treated
with boron compounds followed by heat treatment. Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) sapwood specimens treated with either boric acid (BA) or disodium octoborate tetrahydrate (DOT) solutions were heat-modified
at either 180° or 220°C for 2 or 4 h. Carbohydrate composition and water absorption of the specimens were then measured and
compared with those of untreated and unheated specimens. Wood carbohydrates were significantly degraded in the specimens after
heat treatment. The heat treatment evidently decreased the water absorption and the heat-modified specimens absorbed less
water than unheated specimens. The higher the treatment temperature and the longer the treatment time, the lower the amount
of absorbed water. The boron-treated and heat-modified specimens, however, showed increased water absorption due to the hygroscopic
properties of BA and DOT. 相似文献
46.
In Japan, ammoniacal copper quaternary wood preservatives type-1 (ACQ-1), which contains copper and benzalkonium chloride
as its active ingredients, is among the most widely used wood preservatives in the pressure treatment of wood. Benzalkonium
chloride (BAC) in commercial ACQ-1 products mainly comprises C12 and C14 homologues. In the present study, the leaching characteristics
of these BAC homologues were investigated using the heartwood and sapwood portions of Japanese cedar, Japanese larch, and
Sakhalin fir treated with ACQ-1 and 1% monoethanolamine (MEA) solution containing equimolar amounts of homologues. Distilled
water (DW) and artificial seawater (SW) were used as leaching media. Consequently, it was observed that the leaching rate
of the C12 homologue tended to be higher than that of the C14 homologue in DW. The leaching of C12 homologues was accelerated
by using SW, resulting in a significantly higher leaching rate than the C14 homologue using SW. It was thought that the difference
in the hydrophobicities based on alkyl chain lengths resulted in these phenomena. However, when the heartwood portion of Japanese
larch was treated with the homologues in MEA, the leaching rate of the C14 homologue was significantly higher than that of
the C12 homologue. 相似文献
47.
以香蕉(Musa spp.)品种‘天宝蕉’(Musa spp.,AAA类群)为试材,对以根癌农杆菌介导法的香蕉遗传转化体系进行较全面的研究,并以该系统进行了ACS反义基因转化香蕉的研究。结果表明:不经预培养的香蕉茎尖横切薄片,侵染前用附加0.1 mg/L甘露醇的高渗固体培养基前处理4 h,农杆菌重悬液浓度为OD600在1.0左右,重悬液中含100 g/L蔗糖,接菌时间为10~15 min,于26℃黑暗条件下共培养4 d,共培养培养基pH值为5.8是较为适合的转化条件;采用附加100 mg/L卡那霉素、2 mg/L AgNO3筛选培养基对共培养后的香蕉横切薄片进行筛选,共获得5个转ACS反义基因的抗性芽系;经GUS组织化学法及PCR检测,gus基因已整合进香蕉基因组。 相似文献
48.
Yasuro Iwashita Nobuhiro Suzuki Takeshi Yamamoto Jun-ichirou Shibata Keiichirou Isokawa Ang H Soon Yuto Ikehata Hirofumi Furuita Tsuyoshi Sugita Takanobu Goto 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(5):1083-1095
The supplemental effects of cholyltaurine and soybean lecithin to a defatted soybean meal (SBM)-based fish meal-free diet
on the hepatic and intestinal morphology of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were investigated. A fish meal-based diet (FM), three fish meal-free diets supplemented either with soybean lecithin (SL),
bovine gall powder (BG) or cholyltaurine (C-tau) and an unsupplemented fish meal-free diet (NFM), were given to fish (−11
g) for 10 weeks. The growth was the lowest in fish fed diet NFM, intermediate in fish fed diet SL and the highest in fish
fed diet FM, BG and C-tau. Hepatocytes of fish fed diet NFM were atrophied, and the distal intestine of these fish showed
abnormal features: disintegrated microvilli and fatty degeneration in epithelial cells and increased amount of connective
tissue in the submucosa. Hepatic and intestinal histological features in fish fed diets SL, BG and C-tau were similar to those
in fish fed diet FM. These results indicate that soybean lecithin, bovine bile salts and cholyltaurine have similar effects
on normalizing the hepatic and intestinal morphologies of rainbow trout fed the SBM-based diet, although growth promotion
effect was limited in the soybean lecithin. 相似文献
49.
Kyoko Suzuki Tomoyasu Yoshitomi Yoichi Kawaguchi Masaki Ichimura Kaneaki Edo Tsuguo Otake 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(3):313-320
Sakhalin taimen Hucho perryi populations have decreased drastically to near extinction. It is urgent to establish an effective conservation strategy based
on an understanding of the characteristics of migration and habitat use of this species. We examined the migration history
of anadromous Sakhalin taimen captured off the Sarufutsu coast, northern Hokkaido, Japan, using otolith Sr:Ca ratios and also
examined the relationship between their otolith Sr:Ca ratios during freshwater and seawater residence in a rearing experiment.
Otolith Sr:Ca ratios of some fish from the Sarufutsu coast showed freshwater levels (0.5–4.0 × 10−3) near the core, which thereafter increased to brackish water levels (4.0–6.0 × 10−3), and then to seawater levels (6.0–10.0 × 10−3) in the outermost regions. Those findings indicate that specimens from the Sarufutsu coast migrated to the brackish water
region or the sea and spent most of their lives there. The anadromous migration pattern including the timing of downstream
migration seems to be flexible among individuals in the species. They migrate between freshwater and seawater or brackish
water several times during their lives, showing extensive habitat use. It is essential to secure the continuity among the
freshwater, brackish water, and seawater areas for their effective conservation. 相似文献
50.
Performance of a closed recirculating system with foam separation, nitrification and denitrification units for intensive culture of eel: towards zero emission 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Yoshihiro Suzuki Toshiroh Maruyama Hiroyuki Numata Hajime Sato Makio Asakawa 《Aquacultural Engineering》2003,29(3-4):165-182
The development of a closed recirculating aquaculture system that does not discharge effluents would reduce a large amount of pollutant load on aquatic bodies. In this study, eel were reared in a closed recirculating system, which consisted of a rearing tank, a foam separation unit, a nitrification unit and a denitrification unit. The foam separation unit has an inhalation-type aerator and supplies air bubbles to the rearing water. The growth of eel, which were fed a commercial diet, was satisfactory, with gross weight increases of up three times in 3 months. The survival rate under the congested experimental conditions was 91%. The foam separation unit maintained oxygen saturation in the rearing water at about 80%. Furthermore, fine colloidal substances were absorbed on the stable foam formed from eel mucus and were removed from the rearing water by foam separation. Ammonia oxidation and the removal of suspended solids were accomplished rapidly and simultaneously in the nitrification unit. The ammonia concentration and turbidity were kept at less than 1.2 mg of N per litre and 2.5 units, respectively. When the denitrification process was operated, nitrate that accumulated in the rearing water (151 mg of N per litre) was reduced to 40 mg of N per litre. The sludge was easily recovered from the nitrification and denitrification tanks, and the components were found suitable as compost. Based on these results, the intensive aquaculture of freshwater fish such as eel can be achieved using a closed recirculating system without emission. 相似文献