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21.
Effects of apple pomace‐mixed silage on growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs
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Jiachen Fang Yang Cao Masatoshi Matsuzaki Hiroyuki Suzuki Hirofumi Kimura 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(12):1516-1521
We measured the growth performance and meat quality of 10 crossbred (Yorkshire × Duroc × Landrace) neutered male pigs to evaluate the effects of apple pomace‐mixed silage (APMS). The pigs were divided into two groups and were respectively fed the control feed and the AMPS ad libitum during the experiment. No difference was found in the finished body weight, average daily gain, carcass weight, back fat thickness or dressing ratio between the control and the AMPS treatments, but average dairy feed intake (dry matter) was significantly lower and feed efficiency was significantly higher using the APMS treatment (P < 0.05). With regard to meat quality, the APMS increased the moisture content but decreased the water holding capacity (P < 0.05) compared with the control treatment. Furthermore, the APMS affected the fatty acid composition of the back fat by increasing linoleic acid (C18:2n6), linolenic acid (C18:3) and arachidic acid (C20:0) levels, while decreasing palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and heptadecenoic acid (C17:1) levels, compared with the control treatment. These results indicate that feeding fermented apple pomace to finishing pigs increases the feed efficiency and affects the meat quality and fatty acid composition of back fat. 相似文献
22.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG SpaC pilin subunit binds to the carbohydrate moieties of intestinal glycoconjugates
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Keita Nishiyama Shintaro Ueno Makoto Sugiyama Yuji Yamamoto Takao Mukai 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(6):809-815
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is a well‐established probiotic strain. The beneficial properties of this strain are partially dependent on its prolonged residence in the gastrointestinal tract, and are likely influenced by its adhesion to the intestinal mucosa. The pilin SpaC subunit, located within the Spa pili structure, is the most well studied LGG adhesion factor. However, the binding epitopes of SpaC remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the binding properties of SpaC to the carbohydrate moieties of intestinal glycoconjugates using a recombinant SpaC protein. In a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, SpaC binding was markedly reduced by addition of purified mucin and the mucin oligosaccharide fraction. Histochemical staining revealed that the binding of SpaC was drastically reduced by periodic acid treatment. Moreover, in the surface plasmon resonance‐based Biacore assay, SpaC bound strongly to the carbohydrate moieties containing β‐galactoside at the non‐reducing terminus of glycolipids. We here provide the first demonstration that SpaC binds to the oligosaccharide chains of mucins, and that the carbohydrate moieties containing β‐galactoside at the non‐reducing termini of glycoconjugates play a crucial role in this binding. Our results demonstrate the importance of carbohydrates of SpaC for mucus interactions. 相似文献
23.
Effects of a high milk intake during the pre‐weaning period on nutrient metabolism and growth rate in Japanese Black cattle
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Atsuko Matsubara Hideyuki Takahashi Akira Saito Aoi Nomura Khounsaknalath Sithyphone Christopher D. Mcmahon Ryoichi Fujino Yuji Shiotsuka Tetsuji Etoh Mitsuhiro Furuse Takafumi Gotoh 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(9):1130-1136
This study aimed to determine the effects of feeding an increased volume of high‐fat milk during the early post‐natal life on metabolite concentrations in the blood, the expression of key genes regulating intermediary metabolism in the skeletal muscles, and the rate of growth of Japanese Black cattle. All calves were fed a high‐fat milk replacer (crude protein, 26%; crude fat, 25.5%; total dissolved nitrogen, 116%). Control calves (n = 4) were nursed with 500 g milk replacer until 3 months of age, whereas calves in the experimental group (n = 4) were nursed with 1800 g milk replacer until 3 months, and then the volume was gradually reduced until 5 months. Body weight was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at 7 months. Plasma glucose concentrations were significantly lower in the experimental group. Expression of glucose‐transporter‐4 messenger RNA (mRNA) was lower, whereas that of glucose transporter 1, cluster of differentiation 36, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1b mRNA was significantly higher in the Longissimus thoracis of the experimental group. Nutritional status during early post‐natal life appears to strongly influence the growth rate and glucose and lipid metabolism in Japanese Black cattle. 相似文献
24.
Mycoplasma pneumonia of swine (MPS) resistance and immune characteristics of pig lines generated by crossing an MPS pulmonary lesion selected Landrace line and a highly immune capacity selected Large White line
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Liushiqi Borjigin Tomoyuki Shimazu Yuki Katayama Kouichi Watanabe Haruki Kitazawa Sang‐gun Roh Hisashi Aso Kazuo Katoh Takafumi Uchida Yoshihito Suda Akiko Sakuma Mituru Nakajo Keiichi Suzuki 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(8):972-981
To understand the influence of crossbreeding on Mycoplasma pneumonia of swine (MPS) resistance and immune characteristics, two crossbred lines were characterized. One crossbred line, LaWa, was generated by crossing the MPS pulmonary lesion selected Landrace line (La) and the highly immune‐selected Large White line (Wa). The second crossbred line, LaWb, was generated by crossing the La line and the nonselected Large White line (Wb). The crossbred LbWb line (nonselected Landrace line × nonselected Large White line) and the La line were used as controls. The LaWa and LaWb lines had an intermediate level of MPS lung lesions between La and LbWb lines, although the difference was not statistically significant. After stimulation with sheep red blood cells (SRBCs), the LaWb and LaWa lines showed immune characteristics similar to that of the La line; the number of monocytes in peripheral blood increased, while B cells, T cells, secretion of SRBC‐specific immunoglobulin G, and interleukin (IL)‐13 decreased. Additionally, the number of natural killer (NK) cells and the expression of IL‐4 and IL‐17 were significantly higher in the LaWb and LaWa lines, respectively. These data suggested that crossbreeding of La and Wa lines resulted in the inheritance of some of the selected immune responses. 相似文献
25.
Takeda Y Asaoka H Ueno M Jimma F Hidaka M Shibusawa H Kaneda K Saniabadi AR Hiraishi K Kashiwagi N 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(8):841-842
Assessment of spleen size using the ultrasonography has become a standard practice in human. However, the assessment is not established method in experimental animals. To establish the index to assess the spleen size using ultrasonography, we measured the cross-section image of rabbit spleen during endotoxin shock. The image of the cross-section was appeared as triangle, and the height of the triangular image was defined as the spleen index. This spleen index showed strong correlation with the spleen weight. In conclusion, this method is suitable for observation of changes in rabbit spleen size and may reduce the number of rabbit in the longitudinal studies. 相似文献
26.
Sterility in male hypogonadic (hgn/hgn) rats results from congenital testicular dysplasia caused by a single recessive gene hgn on rat chromosome 10. We recently identified an insertion mutation in the Spag5/astrin gene of hgn/hgn rats that may cause defective proliferation of immature Sertoli cells in the postnatal hgn/hgn testis. Since the pathological alterations were present in the testes at birth, we examined the involvement of defective mitosis and apoptotic cell death in embryonic development of hgn/hgn testes. Testicular hypoplasia was apparent at embryonic day (ED) 18.5. Immunostaining of hgn/hgn testes at ED 21.5 with antibody to GATA-4, which is specific for fetal Sertoli cells in the seminiferous cords, showed that the significant decrease in the number of fetal Sertoli cells was accompanied by a two fold increase in their mitotic index and abnormal mitosis and apoptosis. Prior to this, we observed a decrease in the number of BrdU-labeled cells, an increase in the number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells, and presence of MIS-positive apoptotic cells in hgn/hgn testes on ED 17.5 and 18.5. These results suggest that the Spag5 mutation may cause a reduction in mitotic activity and an increase in apoptosis of fetal Sertoli cells in hgn/hgn testes. 相似文献
27.
Li C Takahashi S Taneda S Furuta C Watanabe G Suzuki AK Taya K 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(3):673-678
In a previous study, we found that 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (PNMC), a component of diesel exhaust particles and also a degradation product of the insecticide fenitrothion, exhibits reproductive toxicity in the adult male Japanese quail. The present study investigated the toxicity of PNMC in the female Japanese quail and its ability to influence reproduction in immature females. The quail (21-day-old) were injected intramuscularly (im) with PNMC at doses 0.1, 1 or 10 mg/kg body weight daily for 3 days. There was no significant difference in body growth between the PNMC-administered and control birds. However, the weights of the oviducts were significantly lower in the PNMC-treated birds at all doses. Furthermore, the plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol-17 beta were significantly decreased with 1 and 10 mg/kg of PNMC. These findings suggest that PNMC might influence the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis with decreasing in secretion of GnRH, LH and ovarian steroid hormones and subsequently disturb growth of the reproductive organs of immature female quail. This study indicates that PNMC induces reproductive toxicity at the central level and disrupts reproductive function in the immature female quail. 相似文献
28.
Kakuma Y Ichimaru T Yonezawa T Momozawa Y Hashizume C Iwata E Kikusui T Takeuchi Y Ohkura S Okamura H Mori Y 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(4):829-834
Previously we showed that the primer pheromone responsible for the "male effect" was produced in specific skin regions of castrated male goats by androgen treatments. In the present study, we examined whether androgen can also induce production of the male effect pheromone in female goats. Capsules containing dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or testosterone (T) were subcutaneously implanted into six ovariectomized (OVX) goats for 28 days. Small skin samples were collected from the head and rump regions, and the pheromone activity of their ether extracts was examined using a bioassay that monitors the electrophysiological manifestation of the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator as multiple-unit activity. Behaviors of OVX goats towards ovary-intact estrous goats were also examined before and at the end of DHT or T treatment. Before androgen treatment, neither the head nor rump skin samples in OVX goats showed pheromone activity. DHT treatment induced pheromone activity in the head skin sample of six OVX goats and in the rump skin sample of two OVX goats. Similar results were obtained by T treatment. In addition, OVX goats treated with T showed masculine-type sexual behaviors such as courtship and mounting behaviors towards the estrous goats. These results demonstrate that androgen is capable of inducing primer pheromone activity in the female and suggest that the synthesis pathway of the male effect pheromone exists in both sexes in the goat. 相似文献
29.
30.
Ookawa K Mochizuki K Sugimoto Y Suzuki T Hashizume M Kitagawa T Matumoto T Ito C Yokogoshi H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(1):49-54
Lipid extracted from the ovary of skipjack tuna by the method that we developed is rich in phospholipid-type docosahexaenoic acid. The ovary lipid of skipjack tuna (OLS) was studied for its anti-stress activity in male Wistar rats, focusing on stress-related blood components: recovery from stress was examined after application of water immersion restraint stress. As a result, serum corticosterone (CORT) secretion was inhibited and decreased rapidly after stress application in rats given OLS compared with control rats. As CORT acts as a glucocorticoid, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) is expected to increase by stress application. However, the concentration tended to be lower in rats given OLS than in control rats. With respect to OLS concentration, OLS increased serum dehydroepiandrosterone, secretion concentration-dependently. In addition, as with the recovery study, it tended to inhibit the increase in NEFA. These results indicate that OLS may have an anti-stress activity against acute stress. 相似文献