新型尿素对冬小麦产量及氮素吸收利用的影响

为明确新型尿素在冬小麦的应用效果,采用田间试验,研究了普通尿素（Urea）、控失尿素（LC Urea）、海藻酸尿素（H Urea）、聚能网尿素（N Urea）、含锰尿素（Mn Urea）、控失尿素一次施肥（LC Urea 1）、普通尿素+等量锰（Urea+Mn）和不施肥（CK）对冬小麦产量、叶片SPAD、叶片光合生理特性和氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明,LC Urea和H Urea处理较Urea处理的小麦拔节期叶片SPAD分别显著提高1500%和1300%,灌浆期净光合速率分别显著增加3304%和2076%,气孔导度分别显著提高2609%和2174%,氮素积累量分别显著增加1439%和1236%,氮肥利用率分别提高4575%和3902%。N Urea和Mn Urea处理与Urea处理的产量无显著差异,LC Urea和H Urea处理较Urea处理显著增产1449%和1333%。控失尿素和海藻酸尿素能够有效提高穗数,改善冬小麦光合生理特性,促进氮素吸收利用,提高冬小麦产量和氮肥利用率,可在豫北潮土区推广应用。     

加气母站压缩机冷却器水垢的酸洗清除

管壳式冷却器是往复式压缩机的重要部件,冷却管附着水垢会降低冷却效率和供气量,影响压缩机性能.以某加气母站压缩机冷却器为例,采取以氨基磺酸、柠檬酸为主的有机酸混合溶液对冷却器进行清洗,有效清除水垢的同时,减少了对冷却系统部件材质的腐蚀.对于气缸、润滑油冷却管等部件的清洗,提出逆流向、分段式清洗方法,解决了因冷却管路复杂而清洗困难的问题.为了降低故障发生率,总结了压缩机日常保养注意事项,对其冷却系统的运行管理具有借鉴意义.     

4种微生物菌剂对多年连作甜瓜土壤真菌群落的影响

为了探究微生物菌剂对土壤真菌群落及成员的影响,利用4种微生物菌剂(A.谷乐丰聚谷氨酸微生物菌剂,B.启高系列生物菌剂,C.施特葆系列菌剂,D.新型菌剂NBmelon)对土壤进行处理,样品经DNA抽提、PCR扩增和真菌ITS测序,进行分析制图.结果显示,处理B和A的Shannon指数、Simpson指数高于CK,处理D、...     

养分专家系统推荐施肥对冬小麦产量、养分转运及肥料利用的影响

为探究冬小麦科学施肥技术,明确养分专家系统推荐施肥对冬小麦产量、养分积累转运与利用的影响,于2018—2019年分别在河南省鹤壁市和新乡市以冬小麦(鹤壁、新乡试验品种分别为‘郑麦7698’和‘郑麦366’)为试验材料,设置7个处理[农民习惯施肥(FP)、当地推荐施肥(ST)、养分专家系统推荐施肥(NE)、在NE基础上配施缓控释氮肥(RNE)、在NE基础上不施氮肥(NE-N)、在NE基础上不施磷肥(NE-P)、在NE基础上不施钾肥(NE-K)],探究不同施肥处理对冬小麦氮、磷、钾养分转运分配规律和肥料利用效率的影响。结果表明,冬小麦氮、磷、钾施肥量NE较FP处理分别降低16.2%、43.3%、-13.2%(鹤壁)和19.5%、48.0%、-57.9%(新乡);冬小麦产量NE与FP处理无显著性差异,RNE与FP处理存在显著性差异;NE、RNE较FP处理分别增产4.7%～6.6%、5.5%～9.6%(P0.05)。进一步研究表明,NE、RNE处理可显著增加地上部植株养分含量和积累量(P0.05),其花后干物质积累量较FP处理增加9.2%～14.0%、11.9%～18.6%;花前氮、磷素转运量和钾素转运对籽粒钾素积累贡献率均有提高,基于养分专家系统推荐施肥的氮、磷、钾肥平均利用效率分别为42.1%、19.2%、46.6%,平均农学效率分别为11.5kg·kg~(-1)、13.2 kg·kg~(-1)、13.3 kg·kg~(-1)。综上可知,小麦养分专家系统指导优化了氮、磷、钾肥的施用量和施用方法,促进了小麦对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收利用,提高了肥料利用率,具有良好的增产效果,可以在河南地区推广应用。     

饲料企业制度层文化与精神层文化的兼容性研究

企业制度层文化和精神层文化是饲料企业文化的重要组成部分,两者对饲料企业行为层文化和物质层文化具有决定性作用。兼容性是企业制度层文化与精神层文化关系研究中首先要解决的关键问题。文中在对这个问题分析的基础上,进一步使用系统论的方法研究了饲料企业精神层文化与企业制度层文化在兼容情况下与不兼容情况下的关系,并针对处于企业制度层文化和企业精神层文化不兼容状态中的饲料企业,提出了相应的对策建议。     

Evergreen broad-leaved forest improves soil water status compared with tea tree plantation in Ailao Mountains,Southwest China

Abstract

In this paper, the spatial-temporal dynamics of soil moisture content was investigated in an evergreen broad-leaved forest and a tea tree plantation in Ailao Mountains, which was dominated by Fagaceae (Castanopsis wattii and Lithocarpus xylocarpus). Soil moisture content was studied between January 2005 and December 2006 at different depths (from 0–150 cm) with a neutron probe. The results showed that mean soil moisture content in the evergreen broad-leaved forest was usually higher than in the tea tree plantation in the dry season, whereas it was lower than the tea tree plantation in the rainy season. In addition, mean soil moisture content was depth dependent, and in the 10–50 cm layer the spatial variability was due to the active root zone within this depth area in two types of land use. From 50–150 cm, the spatial variability was slightly increasing in the evergreen broad-leaved forest or relatively stable in the tea tree plantation. Our study also showed that soil moisture content was higher and more stable under the evergreen broad-leaved forest than the tea tree plantation, hence we stress that evergreen broad-leaved forest plays an important role in holding soil moisture. It is suggested that the protection of evergreen broad-leaved forest should be strengthened.     

Evaluation of Thermal Environment of Cowshed and Correlation Analysis Between Thermal Parameter and Physiological Parameter of Dairy Cows in Central Plain of Hebei

The purpose of this study was to evaluate thermal environment of cowshed in four seasons in central plain of Hebei,and analyze the correlation between the temperature parameters and physiological indexes of dairy cows.Three dairy cow houses with different building structures were selected,the thermal parameters (ambient temperature (Ta) and relative humidity (RH)) and physiological parameters (respiratory rate,rectal temperature and body surface temperature) were detected.The results showed that the Ta,RH and index of temperature and humidity (THI) changed significantly in four seasons (P<0.05),the average daily temperature in summer was the highest (28.59 ℃),and the average daily temperature in winter was the lowest (1.55 ℃).In summer,dairy cows were suffering from mild heat stress for 15.5 h every day,and from moderate heat stress for 6.0 h.In winter,dairy cows were under mild cold stress for an average of 12.0 h per day.The Ta and THI of three cowsheds in each season had no significant differece (P>0.05),except for that in winter.Compared with the cowshed with low wall or roller blind,the average Ta in the cowshed with only roof was 0.80-1.27 ℃ higher in summer and 1.36-1.84 ℃ lower in winter.In addition,the physiological parameters of dairy cows were extremely significantly higher in summer than those in other seasons (P<0.01).The respiration frequency or rectal temperature of cows among cowsheds in summer were significantly different (P<0.05),and the seasonal difference in body surface temperature was significant (P<0.05).Correlation analysis of thermal parameters and cow physiological parameters showed that the respiratory frequency,rectal temperature and body surface temperature were positively correlated with THI and Ta (P<0.05).However,there was no significant correlation between physiological parameters and RH (P>0.05).The results provided scientific basis for environment evaluation of cows,and physiological status of dairy cows were inferred according to environmental thermal parameters,which provided data for occurrence and early warning of stress.     

棉籽饼粕在水产养殖中的应用

本文综述了水生动物对棉籽饼粕的应用情况及影响水生动物对棉籽饼粕利用的制约因素.     

基于自然生态约束评价的县域生态安全格局构建——以无为县为例

[研究目的]研究如何开展县域生态安全格局的构建与保护,从而推进区域生态安全格局理论与方法的相关研究.[研究方法]笔者以GIS技术为支撑,通过选择地形地貌、特殊生态保护区、区域环境容量等方面的评价指标,应用定性与定量相结合的方法进行自然生态约束的空间分异综合评价,并依据评价结果划定生态功能属性不同的地域单元.[研究结果]文章以安徽无为县为案例进行实证分析,以县域内的23个乡镇为基本评价单元,选择山地、水网密度、湿地、自然保护区、水环境容量、地质灾害等因子.评价自然生态约束的空间差异,结合安徽无为县区域开发的方向,在县域内构建由3个生态源区、5个生态廊道和众多的生态楔构成的县域生态安全格局.[结论]实践表明GIS技术支撑下的、基于自然.生态约束评价的县域生态安全格局构建的技术方法是可行的;并针对该县的实际情况提出县域生态安全格局建设的相关建议.     

鸡弧菌性肝炎的病理学研究

本文对产蛋母鸡发生鸡弧菌性肝炎后所表现出的临床症状及尸体剖检变化和病理组织学变化作了较为详细的观察与研究，为鸡弧菌性肝炎的进一步研究和临床诊断提供一定的理论依据