杨树育苗灰斑病及透翅蛾病防治方法

针对绥化市“三北”防护林关键品种的杨树育苗中病虫害的种类及防治方法进行统计和分析,得出杨树灰斑病及透翅蛾在育苗过程中的表现及防治方法,对提高杨树育苗阶段病虫害防治具有积极意义。     

聊城市不同土地利用方式对土壤肥力影响的研究

本文利用聊城市2007年和2008年的土壤样本测试数据进行单因素方差分析和均值多重比较,初步研究了不同土地利用方式对土壤肥力的影响,结果表明：（1）土地利用方式对土壤养分有显著或极显著的影响,其影响程度由大到小依次为全氮>有机质>全磷,而对土壤pH值的影响并不显著。（2）土壤有机质和全氮在不同土地利用方式之间存在着显著性差异,其含量由高到低的顺序是：农耕地﹥林地﹥荒地﹥农林（果）间作地。（3）土壤全磷含量受土地利用方式的影响相对较小,相对而言,林地中的土壤全磷含量最高,农耕地和荒地次之,农林（果）间作地的土壤全磷含量最低。（4）土壤pH值在不同土地利用方式下的变化不显著,基本都呈碱性或弱碱性,其中以农耕地的碱性最大。     

三叶木通叶斑病病原菌鉴定

叶斑病是三叶木通生长过程中一种严重的病害.为明确引起叶斑病的病原,从三叶木通人工栽培基地叶斑病样本上分离病原菌,对病原菌进行致病性测定、显微形态与分子鉴定.结果表明,三叶木通叶斑病病原菌为链格孢属细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima).     

华北入侵杂草新记录——长喙婆罗门参

2009年长喙婆罗门参被发现入侵中国,主要分布地在东北南部(尤以大连为多)。2012年在北京地区调查中首次发现归化的长喙婆罗门参,表明该入侵杂草已蔓延至华北地区。简介长喙婆罗门参的形态特征、生物学特性、分布区域及其危害情况,并有针对性的提出防控措施。     

城市燃气输配管道完整性管理

美国在城市燃气管道完整性管理方面开展了较多的研究与实践工作,调研了美国城市燃气输配管道完整性管理的研究进展,介绍了美国完整性管理的标准规范.结合国内外长输管道完整性管理成功经验,提出了针对城市燃气输配管道的完整性管理流程,指出完整性管理应当按照数据管理、泄漏管理方案、风险评价、完整性评价、维修与维护和效能评价6个步骤循环开展.针对完整性管理的6个环节,提出了每个环节需要开展的主要内容.     

嗜盐嗜碱菌株20-13的生物学特性及系统发育学分析

对大庆盐碱土中分离到的菌株20-13进行表型特征、生理生化特性和系统发育学研究表明,菌株20-13为革兰氏阴性、能运动的杆菌,末端形成膨大的芽孢,嗜碱且中度嗜盐,能在NaCl浓度为1%~25%(W/V)的改良S-G培养基中生长,最佳生长发生在3%NaC(lW/V);生长的温度范围20~50°C,最适为30~32°C;pH范围8.0~11.0,最适pH 10.0。16S rRNA基因序列的系统进化分析表明,该菌株与厚壁菌门、碱杆菌属Alkalibacillus haloalkaliphilus的成员亲缘关系最近,相似性达99.4%,菌株20-13与Alkalibacillus haloalkaliphilus的表型特征与生理生化特性基本一致。综合分析,确定该菌株与碱杆菌属Alkalibacillus haloalkaliphilus为同一种,且与模式菌株不同的菌株。     

基于二维条码和ARM的谷物溯源采集传输系统

摘要：谷物在生产供应链中按照等级和用途进行混合配送和分销,多源头性决定了谷物追溯系统中信息识别的难点。针对这个问题,该文提出以表面喷印二维条码的追溯颗粒作为谷物追溯信息的载体。基于嵌入式系统开发了二维条码、GPS定位信息和谷物产地环境信息采集终端,终端采集到的数据通过GPRS网络传输。系统实现了谷物标示信息及产地环境信息（温度、湿度、光照、二氧化碳）的自动采集和传输,可作为快速、低成本的谷物追溯系统,为确保谷物质量与安全生产提供一种有效手段。     

水洗结合pH值调整对鸡肉糜低盐热凝胶特性的影响

为解决肉糜类产品含盐量偏高而降低食盐添加量又影响其凝胶特性的技术难题,研究水洗结合pH值调整处理对0.88%食盐含量鸡胸肉糜热凝胶的质构特性、水分吸附和保水性的影响,并与0.15%和2.5%食盐添加量组进行对比。结果表明:水洗结合pH值调整不利于2.5%食盐组样品的质构特性,但对0.15%和0.88%食盐组的改善效果显著;pH值调整可显著增强0.15%和0.88%食盐组水洗肉糜的溶胀和凝胶保水性。2×2析因分析发现水洗和pH值调整具有显著的主效应和交互效应(P<0.05):两两比较后得出水洗组和pH值调整组的假设检验统计量(t值)为4.69,而水洗结合pH值调整组与未处理组的t值为30.25,P值均小于0.001。这些结果说明水洗结合pH值调整处理的新工艺可以使肌肉蛋白形成具有良好质构特性和保水性的低盐热凝胶,从而为低盐肉糜类产品的研发提供参考。     

Soil carbon dioxide emission from intensively cultivated black soil in Northeast China: nitrogen fertilization effect

Purpose

The aim of this study was to understand the effect of nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration and native soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition and to identify the key factor affecting soil respiration in a cultivated black soil.

Materials and methods

A field experiment was conducted at the Harbin State Key Agroecological Experimental Station, China. The study consisted of four treatments: unplanted and N-unfertilized soil (U0), unplanted soil treated with 225?kg?N?ha^?1 (UN), maize planted and N-unfertilized soil (P0), and planted soil fertilized with 225?kg?N?ha^?1 (PN). Soil CO₂ and N₂O fluxes were measured using the static closed chamber method.

Results and discussion

Cumulative CO₂ emissions during the maize growing season with the U0, UN, P0, and PN treatments were 1.29, 1.04, 2.30 and 2.27?Mg?C?ha^?1, respectively, indicating that N fertilization significantly reduced the decomposition of native SOC. However, no marked effect on soil respiration in planted soil was observed because the increase of rhizosphere respiration caused by N addition was counteracted by the reduction of native SOC decomposition. Soil CO₂ fluxes were significantly affected by soil temperature but not by soil moisture. The temperature sensitivity (Q ₁₀) of soil respiration was 2.16?C2.47 for unplanted soil but increased to 3.16?C3.44 in planted soil. N addition reduced the Q ₁₀ of native SOC decomposition possibly due to low labile organic C but increased the Q ₁₀ of soil respiration due to the stimulation of maize growth. The estimated annual CO₂ emission in N-fertilized soil was 1.28?Mg?C?ha^?1 and was replenished by the residual stubble, roots, and exudates. In contrast, the lost C (1.53?Mg?C?ha^?1) in N-unfertilized soil was not completely supplemented by maize residues, resulting in a reduction of SOC. Although N fertilization significantly increased N₂O emissions, the global warming potential of N₂O and CO₂ emissions in N-fertilized soil was significantly lower than in N-unfertilized soil.

Conclusions

The stimulatory or inhibitory effect of N fertilization on soil respiration and basal respiration may depend on labile organic C concentration in soil. The inhibitory effect of N fertilization on native SOC decomposition was mainly associated with low labile organic C in tested black soil. N application could reduce the global warming potential of CO₂ and N₂O emissions in black soil.     

基于证据理论和可变模糊集的成都市洪灾风险评估

洪灾系统的高维性和不确定性,给灾害风险评估带来较多困难,为了提高评估的准确性和合理性,实现科学灾害管理,该文将Dempster_Shafer证据理论应用到洪水灾害风险评估中,同时利用可变模糊集理论来构造证据理论基本信任分配,实现了客观合理的证据建模,最后利用经典组合原理进行证据组合。以成都市区2012年风险等级的计算为例,风险为高等级时的信任区间为[0,0.52],似然区间为[0,0.54],不确定大小为0.019,根据判断规则,确定市区2012年的洪灾风险等级为高。基于此方法采用相同处理,对研究区成都市风险等级的时空分布进行了计算分析。结果表明该方法能够较好地融合洪水灾害系统各方面信息以及处理风险评估中的不确定性,实现了洪灾风险的准确评估。