亲和素磁珠分离毛竹SSR标记方法的优化

在参考其它文献报道的基础上,构建毛竹SSR位点富集文库。用EcoRⅠ分别和DraⅠ、EcoRⅤ、SmaⅠ、PvuⅡ四种平端限制性内切酶对毛竹基因组DNA进行双酶切,酶切片段回收后与根据抑制性PCR原理设计的接头连接。在利用亲和素磁珠富集含有SSR序列的DNA片段过程中,对杂交、漂洗及洗脱步骤进行优化。通过三引物特异PCR筛选含有SSR序列的阳性克隆并结合测序结果对富集SSR文库进行评价,确定了一条简单、经济、高效分离竹类植物SSR标记的方法。     

Influence of Ammoniacal Copper Quaternary treatments on mechanical properties of blue-stained Lodgepole Pine wood

Three concentrations （2.8%, 2.0%, 1.2%） of Ammoniacal Copper Quaternary （ACQ） was selected to treat Lodgepole pine wood for evaluating ACQ treatment on mechanical properties of blue-stained wood. The bending modules of elasticity （MOE）, modules of rupture （MOR）, toughness and shearing strength parallel to grain on tangential surface, are tested according to the criteria GB1927-1943-91. Non-treated sample were also tested according to the same procedure. The results showed that the three groups specimen impregnated by different concentrations of ACQ solution met the AWPA standard 2003 of America （UC4A 6.4g/cm^3）. There were significant difference of toughness between treated wood and non-treated wood （p=0.01）, but there were no statistically significant differences among three concentrations in terms of toughness, and toughness of treated wood was approximately 20% lower than non-treated. MOR, MOE as well as sheafing strength parallel to grain were found to be not significantly different between treated wood and non-treated one, and there were no statistically significant difference among three concentrations of ACQ too. Toughness, MOR, MOE and sheafing strength parallel to grain increased with decrease of concentration of ACQ, but they were hardly affected by ACQ preservatives.     

Farm Forestry Prospects Among Some Local Communities in Rachuonyo District,Kenya

Deforestation and degradation of productive lands are serious threats to the sustainability of forestry/agricultural practices in Kenya. In the last two decades farm forestry (FF) has been promoted through pilot projects among local communities as an example of sustainable land use. However adoption of FF is limited outside the project locations because FF improvement measures focused mainly on biological (e.g. succession, biodiversity and traditional industrial timber production) and technical concerns (e.g. material input delivery such as providing free tree seedlings for field planting) rather than local values, and interests and the constraints facing farmers. This study examined the local farm priorities and constraints and the prospects for the wider implementation of farm-level tree planting in four communities in Rachuonyo District. Using interviews with 597 randomly selected household heads, the study assessed farmer’s production assets and activities, land tenure, priority tree species and the constraints to growing trees on farms. Results show that farm labour is represented by a young population, 56.3% under the age of forty. They are mainly engaged in small-scale mixed cropping integrated with multipurpose trees and some livestock. Tree products contribute about 32% to household cash income, more than any other source (agricultural products, labour sales, etc). Females were more often household heads and had considerable influence over productive activities, making them an important target group in FF development. Farmers preferred exotic tree species due to their ability to provide short-term cash income, fuel and shade. Farmers’ concerns included population pressure on limited farmlands and the problem of credit for agricultural inputs. Given the feeling of secured tenure arrangement and influence of tree products on the household economy, farmers are likely to invest more in efficient land uses such as FF if consideration is given to local priorities.     

Using leaf tip necrosis as a phenotypic marker to predict the presence of durable rust resistance gene pair <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lr34</Emphasis>/<Emphasis Type="Italic">Yr18</Emphasis> in wheat

Fifty wheat varieties along with Jupateco-73 and Morocco were studied for the expression of leaf tip necrosis (LTN), a trait linked with the durable rust resistance gene pair Lr34/Yr18. LTN was frequent (i.e., ≥6) in nine replications of a field experiment over 3 years in 17 genotypes, and the varieties were considered positive for LTN. In molecular analyses of these varieties, having relative severity values up to 78 for yellow rust and 45 for leaf rust, the 150-bp Lr34/Yr18-linked allele was consistently amplified. Expression of LTN in six of nine replications is an appropriate threshold for predicting the presence of Lr34/Yr18 gene pair, and genotypes can be selected using this trait.     

基于MODIS数据设计的中国土地覆盖分类系统与应用研究

该文阐述了国内外主要土地覆盖分类系统及其土地覆盖产品在中国的表现,依据中国植被编码体系在MODIS数据试验的基础上,对现有国内土地覆盖分类系统进行了重新设计,包括7大类22个二级类别,并利用2001～2002年MODIS1km时间序列NDVI数据和多波段反射率光谱数据对中国区域进行了土地覆盖分类,结果显示分类产品能较为准确地描述中国区域土地覆盖的实际情况。     

粳稻超亲变异系籽粒谷氨酰胺合成酶基因表达特性及序列变异分析

选用籽粒蛋白质含量有显著差异的亲本和杂种后代超亲变异系,比较分析灌浆过程中籽粒蛋白质积累特性、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性变化、GS基因mRNA表达量变化和基因碱基序列。结果表明,杂交后代通过籽粒蛋白质含量的连续定向选可获得超亲变异系,籽粒蛋白质积累量与基因型紧密相关;灌浆过程中籽粒GS活性呈单峰曲线变化,籽粒蛋白质含量与籽粒GS活性密切相关,而且籽粒GS活性也能产生超亲变异;在灌浆过程中籽粒蛋白质含量不同的亲本及超亲变异系籽粒GS1.3和GS2基因的mRNA表达量变化趋势基本一致,即随灌浆进程mRNA表达量逐渐增加,到抽穗后15~20d表达量最高,随后逐渐下降,呈单峰曲线变化;GS1.3和GS2基因mRNA表达量与籽粒蛋白质含量关系密切,GS基因mRNA表达量高的基因型籽粒蛋白质含量也高,而且超亲表达;尽管不同品种GS1.3和GS2基因碱基序列保守性很高,但不同品种水稻GS1.3和GS2基因的碱基序列和蛋白质氨基酸序列并不完全一致,存在着个别碱基不同的基因多态性,品种间有性杂交后代在基因分离和稳定过程中通过碱基的替换仍然能发生碱基的随机性变化及三联体密码和氨基酸的变化。     

芥兰老化种子活力指标相关性分析

研究了芥兰种子经人工老化后各活力指标的相关性.结果表明,芥兰种子经人工老化后,各活力指标均有显著变化;种子发芽率,活力指数,POD活性与田间出苗率呈显著正相关,而种子浸出液的电导率则与田间出苗率呈显著负相关.经人工老化的芥兰种子发芽率与田间出苗率的相关程度最高,老化法发芽率可直接预测芥兰种子田间出苗率.     

Rice <Emphasis Type="Italic">terpene synthase 18</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">OsTPS18</Emphasis>) encodes a sesquiterpene synthase that produces an antibacterial (<Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis>)-nerolidol against a bacterial pathogen of rice

Plant volatile compounds, including terpenes, are known to be involved in the rice defense system. In the present analysis of a terpene synthase, OsTPS18, in rice, we found that OsTPS18 was localized in the cytoplasm and synthesized the sesquiterpenes (E)-nerolidol and (E)-β-farnesene. The amounts of (E)-nerolidol and (E)-β-farnesene increased after jasmonic acid (JA) treatment. (E)-Nerolidol had significant antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). These results suggest that (E)-nerolidol plays an important role in JA-induced resistance against Xoo and that it functions as an antibacterial compound in rice.