信阳市南湾水库库区森林植被调查分析

信阳市南湾水库库区森林植被南湾水库库区的水资源涵养和水土保持具有重要的作用。本文对水库加区的森林植被的环境,资源状况,类型进行了调查分析,并提出了保护管理的建议。     

植物组织培养中控制污染技术研究

本文在总结分析近２０ 年来植物组织培养中有关污染的文献的基础上,结合笔者在桉树、月季、红豆杉、一品红等植物的组培研究中的体会,针对污染的原因、影响因素,首次系统地提出了控制或降低污染率的有效途径,为组培中提高得率提供了一定的理论和实践依据,在科研及生产上有一定的实用价值。     

Kinetics of leaf temperature fluctuation affect isoprene emission from red oak (Quercus rubra) leaves

Because the rate of isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) emission from plants is highly temperature-dependent, we investigated natural fluctuations in leaf temperature and effects of rapid temperature change on isoprene emission of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) leaves at the top of the canopy at Harvard Forest. Throughout the day, leaves often reached temperatures as much as 15 degrees C above air temperature. The highest temperatures were reached for only a few seconds at a time. We compared isoprene emission rates measured when leaf temperature was changed rapidly with those measured when temperature was changed slowly. In all cases, isoprene emission rate increased with increasing leaf temperature up to about 32 degrees C and then decreased with higher temperatures. The temperature at which isoprene emission rates began to decrease depended on how quickly measurements were made. Isoprene emission rates peaked at 32.5 degrees C when measured hourly, whereas rates peaked at 39 degrees C when measurements were made every four minutes. This behavior reflected the rapid increase in isoprene emission rate that occurred immediately after an increase in leaf temperature, and the subsequent decrease in isoprene emission rate when leaf temperature was held steady for longer than 20 minutes. We concluded that the observed temperature response of isoprene emission rate is a function of measurement protocol. Omitting this parameter from isoprene emission models will not affect simulated isoprene emission rates at mild temperatures, but can increase isoprene emission rates at high temperatures.     

中国竹类多样性及其重要价值

竹类属于禾本科Gramineae（Poaceae）、竹亚科Bambusoideae植物,全世界约1 500多种。中国竹类的自然分布广阔,横跨热带、亚热带和温带地区,涵盖包括台湾、香港在内的21个有竹子分布的省、自治区、直辖市和特区。中国是世界上竹类多样性最丰富的国家,也是世界上栽培竹类最丰富的国家,共有竹类植物753种（含22种引进种）,约占世界总数的50%以上。同时,中国竹类在起源、遗传进化、内部构造、生态及林型等方面均具有十分丰富的多样性。中国竹类从宏观到微观所展现出的多样性特质,是大自然留给人类的宝贵遗产,对于人类认识自然、保护自然、从而更好的利用竹类资源服务于人类的长远利益,具有重要价值。文章从起源、生态、林型、物种、形态、遗传等方面概述了中国竹类的多样性,为进一步探讨竹类多样性提供基础信息。     

白蜡虫种虫生产中“三红三黑”原因研究

长期以来,在白蜡虫种虫生产上经常出现“三红三黑”现象,造成白蜡产量极不稳定。作者经近２０ａ的调查研究认为：白蜡生产出现这一现象,不是干热风,９￣１０月阴雨、雾淞、寄主树不合理利用等因素造成的,而是白蜡虫的天敌昆虫,主要是寄生蜂消长危害结果。白蜡虫的寄生蜂有５科１４种,可在雌雄白蜡虫体内互相寄生,９￣１０月份寄生蜂危害达高峰期,致使大量雌虫死亡变黑;危害轻时,种虫红润,获得丰收。     

海涂农田林网防护效益研究

对上虞市海涂实验农场农田林网防护效益的测定,结果表明通风结构审林带防风效能达到３１．０％左右;在八九月份高温干旱季节,林网内增加相对湿度约１．８％。林带背风而树高２～３倍地区为林带增产作用的显著范围,棉花产量比对照区增产１３．０％～３８．１％,除林缘等胁地外,受林带有利影响测试区棉花产量平均增产８．４％。     

紫胶蚧对寄主适应性的初步研究

紫胶蚧（Ｋｅｒｒｉａｌａｃａ（Ｋｅｒｒ．））是目前最优良的紫胶虫种。该虫的适生区为热带和南亚热带的低海拔地区,最优良寄主是久树（ＳｃｈｌｅｉｃｈｅｒａｏｌｅｏｓａＬｏｕｒ．）。紫胶虫泌胶与寄主的营养成分等有着较密切的关系,国内外都有一定的研究［１～５...     

梅花鹿的生态生物学研究进展

梅花鹿（Cervus nippon）隶属偶蹄目鹿科,是濒危级珍稀保护动物,主要分布在黑龙江、吉林、江西、浙江、安徽、四川和甘肃省等地。总结了梅花鹿的分类与分布、种群密度和结构、生境选择、行为、繁殖、食性以及生存现状,提出了相应保护对策。     

Achieving food and nutritional security through agroforestry: a case of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Faidherbia albida</Emphasis> in sub-Saharan Africa

Faidherbia albida is an ideal agroforestry tree commonly intercropped with annual crops like millet and groundnuts in the dry and densely populated areas of Africa. With its peculiar reverse phenology, it makes growth demands at a different time from that of crops. In addition, it deposits great amount of organic fertilizer on food crops. Leaves entering soils are comparable to fertilization of almost 50 t·ha 1 ·year 1 of manure in dense stands of 50 large trees per ha. These nutrients help maximize agricultural production and reduce the need for a fallow period on poorer soils. Research has shown that millet grown under F. albida yielded 2.5 and 3.4 fold increases in grain and protein, respectively. Animals eat pods which contain mean amounts of crude protein of 20.63% and carbohydrate of 40.1% in seeds. Moreover, the continued existence of F. albida in agroforestry parklands as in Ethiopia and Mali signifies the success of traditional conservation measures. Modern scientists have also developed much interest in the role of agroforestry in maintaining long-term biological balance between agriculture and livestock production systems. To ensure food security, which still remains a major challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, and concurrently minimize environmental degradation, promotion of agroforestry that specifically involves indigenous trees is crucial. We discuss the prospective role of F. albida in alleviating poverty while simultaneously protecting the environment from factors associated with, for example, deforestation and loss of biodiversity. The overall aim is to promote wide-scale adoption of F. albida as a valuable tree crop in farming systems, particularly in those areas where it remains unexploited.     

杨黄野生菌人工栽培技术研究

杨黄（Phellinus vaninii Ljup.）,又名杨树桑黄,分类学研究表明：广义上的＂杨黄＂包括生长在杨树上7种真菌,它们分属于担子菌门、担子菌纲,锈革孔菌目、锈革孔菌科的4个属中,分别是光核纤孔菌、团核纤孔菌、辐射纤孔菌、华木层孔菌、窄盖木层孔菌、瓦尼木层孔菌和肿红皮孔菌。