春小麦高产栽培技术

近几年,天津市春小麦栽培面积逐年增加,但由于栽培技术滞后,产量水平低而不稳.文章结合作者多年的春小麦栽培工作实践,从选用良种、精细播种、科学追肥浇水、化学除草、后期三防等几方面提出春小麦高产栽培技术.采用这些技术措施,可显著提高天津市春小麦产量,667 m2产童可达350-400 kg.     

大米抗氧化肽的分离纯化及结构鉴定

通过高效凝胶过滤层析和反相高效液相色谱先后对大米渣蛋白酶解后的多肽溶液进行分离纯化,分别得到组分2和组分RF9;再经反相高效液相色谱-质谱联用对组分RF9进行分析鉴定得到抗氧化肽氨基酸序列L-Q-P-Y(Leu-Gln-Pro-Tyr),分子质量为520.277u。合成的抗氧化肽片段L-Q-P-Y质量浓度为1 mg/mL时,对DPPH自由基清除率达到85.84%。     

腐乳制作过程品质影响因素研究进展

腐乳作为我国传统发酵豆制食品,经过不断的工艺改进,已经逐步形成一定生产规模。但由于生产技术限制,我国腐乳生产还存在着生产发酵时间较长、盐含量较高、安全性有待提升等品质问题,这些问题大大限制了该行业的发展。为提高腐乳生产质量,从生产流程入手,针对生产流程中包括制胚、微生物接种、食盐添加、发酵条件等方面进行分析,对可能影响腐乳最终品质的因素进行概述,通过对以上提出问题逐个击破,提出解决方案,改进制作工艺,最终提升腐乳品质。     

Effects of form of effluent,season and urease inhibitor on ammonia volatilization from dairy farm effluent applied to pasture

Purpose

With land application of farm effluents from cows during housing or milking as an accepted practice, there are increasing concerns over its effect on nitrogen (N) loss through ammonia (NH₃) volatilization. Understanding the relative extent and seasonal variation of NH₃ volatilization from dairy effluent is important for the development of management practices for reducing NH₃ losses. The objectives of this study were to determine potential NH₃ losses from application of different types of dairy effluent (including both liquid farm dairy effluent (FDE) and semi-solid dairy farm manure) to a pasture soil during several contrasting seasons and to evaluate the potential of the urease inhibitor (UI)—N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBTPT, commercially named Agrotain^®) to reduce gaseous NH₃ losses.

Material and methods

Field plot trials were conducted in New Zealand on an established grazed pasture consisting of a mixed perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)/white clover (Trifolium repens L.) sward. An enclosure method, with continuous air flow, was used to compare the effects of treatments on potential NH₃ volatilization losses from plots on a free-draining volcanic parent material soil which received either 0 (control) or 100 kg N ha^?1 as FDE or manure (about 2 and 15 % of dry matter (DM) contents in FDE or manure, respectively) with or without NBTPT (0.25 g NBTPT kg^?1 effluent N). The experiment was conducted in the spring of 2012 and summer and autumn of 2013.

Results and discussion

Results showed that application of manure and FDE, both in fresh and stored forms, potentially led to NH₃ volatilization, ranging from 0.6 to 19 % of applied N. Difference in NH₃ losses depended on the season and effluent type. Higher NH₃ volatilization was observed from both fresh and stored manure, compared to fresh and stored FDE. The difference was mainly due to solid contents. The losses of NH₃ were closely related to NH₄ ⁺-N content in the two types of manure. However, there was no relationship between NH₃ losses and NH₄ ⁺-N content in either type of FDE. There was no consistent seasonal pattern, although lower NH₃ losses from fresh FDE and stored FDE applied in spring compared to summer were observed. Potential NH₃ losses from application of fresh FDE or manure were significantly (P?<?0.05) reduced by 27 to 58 % when NBTPT was added, but the UI did not significantly reduce potential NH₃ volatilization from stored FDE or manure.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that NH₃ losses from application of FDE were lower than from manure and that UIs can be effective in mitigating NH₃ emissions from land application of fresh FDE and manure. Additionally, reducing the application of FDE in summer can also potentially reduce NH₃ volatilization from pasture soil.     

淫羊藿－蜂胶合剂对鸡红细胞CR_1增强作用的实验研究

用不同浓度的淫羊藿－蜂胶合剂与鸡红细胞在体外进行孵育，然后测其红细胞补体Ｉ型受体（ＣＲ１）的活性，以判定淫羊霍－蜂胶合剂对红细胞免疫功能的增强作用。结果显示：经２０％、１０％和５％的淫羊藿－蜂胶合剂处理后的鸡红细胞ＣＲ１花环率（ＣＲ１－Ｒ）分别为：３８．９％、２２．０％和９．０％，面对照组鸡红细胞ＣＲ１－Ｒ是９．３％。此结果表明：淫羊藿－蜂胶合剂具有明显的增高红细胞ＣＲ１活性作用，并与剂量有关。