温室番茄长季节无土栽培技术的研究

比较系统地研究了有机生态型无土栽培技术在温室长季节番茄生产中的应用方法和效果。对其栽培基础、栽培管理、植株形态以及产量分布等技术环节进行了统计、分析和总结。初步集成组装温室番茄长季节无土栽培技术     

海水浇灌对不同品种火龙果扦插苗生长和若干生理指标的影响

为明确海水胁迫对火龙果生长生理的影响,以不同品种火龙果(‘帝龙’、‘红龙’、‘紫蜜龙’和‘白龙’)为研究对象,研究了海水(浓度为0、10%、20%和30%)浇灌下不同品种火龙果生长指标和生理特征的变化。结果表明:(1)海水浇灌下4个品种火龙果地上部鲜重均表现为减小趋势,但10%海水浇灌可显著增加‘帝龙’的株高增加量。(2)与淡水相比,海水浇灌下4个品种火龙果地上部和根部K+/Na+均呈不同程度下降趋势,当海水浓度为30%时,与其他3个品种相比,‘帝龙’地上部和根部K+/Na+下降幅度最小。(3)4个品种火龙果地上部可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、CAT活性和SOD活性随海水浓度增加均呈先上升后下降趋势。其中,20%海水处理下,‘帝龙’可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量和CAT活性上升幅度均高于其他品种。可见,低浓度海水胁迫下,火龙果表现出一定耐盐性,且‘帝龙’耐盐性相对较好。     

特早熟棉花新品种酒棉19号选育与栽培技术

概述了酒棉19号的亲本特点、选育过程、特征特性和适宜区域,总结了其栽培技术要点。     

新形势下山东棉花保险的发展与思考

回顾了2007年以来山东省棉花保险工作有关进展,分析了存在的主要问题,提出了改进相关工作的对策和建议。     

东北三省大豆种质品质性状鉴评与综合分析

根据目标性状有的放矢的选配杂交亲本是提高优异品质组成品种的选择效率的基本前提。本研究对东北三省102份大豆种质资源的蛋白、氨基酸组分、油份及脂肪酸组分进行测定,通过遗传多样性、主成分和聚类分析,对其进行表型鉴定及基因型分类以综合评价种质品质特性。结果表明:东北三省大豆种质油份及脂肪酸组分变异较丰富,遗传多样性程度较高。根据主成分分析筛选到9个主成分进行聚类分析,通过聚类分析将供试种质资源分为5类。第I类群蛋白含量较高、油份含量偏低,第II类群蛋白、油份含量均居中,第III类群油份含量较高、蛋白含量偏低,第IV类群高油,第V类群高蛋白,类群间的氨基酸、脂肪酸组分各有差异。需根据育种目标在群体间选配亲本,以提高品质育种的效率。     

淀粉老化调控对燕麦全粉挤压面条蒸煮品质的影响

燕麦粉不含面筋蛋白,使燕麦全粉面条煮熟后易浑汤、蒸煮损失率大,目前只能温水浸泡复水食用,是限制燕麦更广泛推广的难题之一。为了满足市场对燕麦全粉面条的需求,以利用二级挤压技术生产的燕麦全粉挤压面条为试材,对成型面条进行了调湿老化、蒸制老化及冷冻老化处理,比较了不同老化方式对燕麦全粉挤压面条蒸煮品质的影响。结果表明,调湿老化处理的面条蒸煮损失率最小(2.26%~3.34%),蒸制老化次之(4.19%~5.19%),冷冻老化最大(5.16%~7.97%)。不同老化处理的面条感官评分差异不显著,以调湿老化处理24h的面条感官评分最高(87.2分);调湿老化处理面条的淀粉相对结晶度(12.47%~16.10%)、热焓值(1.044 0~1.056 0J·g-1)及回生值(519.5~558.0cP)均最大,蒸制老化次之,冷冻老化最小。综合分析可知,对燕麦挤压面条进行淀粉老化处理,能够显著降低燕麦全粉挤压面条的蒸煮损失率,最优方式为调湿老化24h。     

2016年日照口岸进口大豆截获杂草籽疫情分析及建议

对日照口岸2016年进口大豆贸易及杂草籽截获情况进行了统计分析,通过分析在进口大豆中检疫截获杂草籽的年度趋势、科属类别、截获种次和频率,总结不同来源国大豆中易于截获的杂草籽种类,汇总进口大豆中截获的检疫性杂草籽名单,为进口大豆检疫工作提供参考.     

Development of male-specific markers and identification of sex reversal mutants in papaya

Papaya is a productive and nutritious fruit grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide. It is polygamous with three sex types: female, male and hermaphrodite. Sex determination in papaya is controlled by an XY sex chromosome system with two slightly different Y chromosomes, Y for males and Y^h for hermaphrodites. Comparative analysis of the hermaphrodite-specific region of Y^h chromosome (HSY) and male-specific region of Y chromosome (MSY) revealed 99.6% sequence identity, which explains why DNA markers that amplify for both males and hermaphrodites have easily been developed, but not for the male trait specifically. We examined the 0.4% sequence differences, and found 1887 indels and 21,088 SNPs between MSY and HSY. The vast majority of indels are single nucleotide or few base pairs. A large male-specific retrotransposon insertion of 8396 bp was used to develop two papaya male-specific markers, PMSM1 and PMSM2 that amplify 585 and 548 bp fragments, respectively. These two markers were tested in 11 gynodioecious and four dioecious varieties along with autosomal DNA marker 71E and male/hermaphrodite marker W11, and the results showed clear separation of male from hermaphrodite and female. PMSM1 and PMSM2 were also used to test the sex type of six sex male-to-hermaphrodite reversal mutants which are crucial materials for validating candidate genes for sex determination in papaya. Our result showed all six mutants were positive for the male-specific markers. These male-specific markers can be used to distinguish gynodioecious and dioecious cultivars in papaya seed market, and facilitate genetic and genomic research for papaya improvement.     

Development and application of a molecular marker for TMV resistance based on <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis> gene in tobacco (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Nicotiana tabacum</Emphasis>)

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) caused serious loss in yield and quality of tobacco every year. It is a long-term goal to improve the tobacco resistance against TMV by tobacco breeding. N gene was the firstly reported TMV-resistant gene, which showed resistance against all Tobamoviruses except the Ob stain and belonged to the toll-interleukin-1 receptor/nucleotide-binding site/leucine-rich repeat class of plant resistance (R) genes. At present, N gene had already been widely used in tobacco conventional breeding, but there is rare available molecular maker used in marker-assisted selection of TMV resistance. In this study, we designed a pair of primers that specific amplify N gene fragment based on the sequence of N gene intron III, named N-marker. Then, we identified TMV resistance by two selecting methods, PCR with N-marker and inoculated with the TMV-C strain. Results from the two method showed that (1) 13 varieties among 67 tobacco varieties displayed hypersensitive reaction when inoculated with the TMV-C strain, also contained N gene fragments screened by PCR with N-marker; (2) 105 strains of 200 BC1 strains showed resistance against TMV when inoculated with TMV-C strain, meanwhile, 103 of the 105 strains contained N gene fragment verified by PCR with N-marker. Therefore, the N-marker is reliable for high throughput screening of germplasm resources and tobacco breeding materials in selection of N-mediated TMV resistance. Our study not only developed a molecular marker for tobacco breeding, but also identified new germplasm resources that are resistant to TMV.     

甘蓝型油菜烷羟化酶基因MAH1的克隆与表达分析

在植物蜡质合成途径中,中链烷烃羟化酶(mid-chain alkane hydroxylase,MAH)催化烷烃羟基化形成二级醇,进一步氧化为酮。本研究以拟南芥P450依赖性酶CYP96A15/MAH1基因为探针,采用电子克隆与RT-PCR技术,获得2个甘蓝型油菜MAH1的全长编码区序列,分别命名为BnMAH1-1和BnMAH1-2(Gen Bank登录号分别为KT795344和KT795345)。二者ORF长度均为1491 bp,无内含子,核苷酸与氨基酸序列分别有92.4%与90.9%的一致性。根据编码区预测的BnMAH1-1和BnMAH1-2前体蛋白均为包含496个氨基酸残基的多肽链,具有典型的P450蛋白家族保守结构P415x R417x、K螺旋(E359xx R362)、C末端的血红素结合域(F436xx Gx Rx Cx G445)以及氧结合带保守区域(A/G)G309x(D/E)T312(T/S)。NCBI Blast N、氨基酸序列多重比对与系统学分析表明,两者与拟南芥MAH1/CYP96A15同源性最高。实时荧光定量PCR表明,BnMAH1-1与BnMAH1-2主要在甘蓝型油菜茎、叶、花、及角果中表达,其中在叶片中的表达量最高,在根系中的表达量很低,这与角质层蜡质主要沉积在植株地上部分相一致。BnMAH1-1和BnMAH1-2在无蜡粉材料茎、叶片中几乎不表达,表明蜡质的减少与MAH1的转录下调有关。BnMAH1-1与BnMAH1-2受SA、Me JA、ACC、ABA、Na Cl及干旱胁迫诱导表达,其中BnMAH1-1可能在水分胁迫响应中起主要作用。