莫桑比克鳗鲡养殖生物学主要特性研究

对莫桑比克鳗鲡（Anguillamor morata）玻璃鳗经形态学鉴定品种后,开展了主要养殖生物学特性研究。耐受高温和低温分别为39℃和7℃,适宜生存水温15℃～33℃;耐受盐度与水温相关,水温30℃致死盐度2．9％,适宜盐度小于1．1％,20℃致死盐度2．7％,适宜盐度小于1．8％,10℃致死盐度2．1％,适宜盐度小于2．0％;耐受pH值与水温相关,30℃致死pH值分别为3．5和11．0,适宜pH值6．0—7．0,20℃致死pH值分别为4．0和11．0,适宜pH值6．0～8．0,10℃致死pH值分别为3．5和10．5,适宜pH值5．5—8．5。常用药物S高聚碘、二氧化氯、三氯异氰尿酸、苯扎溴铵、溴氯海因、甲醛、敌百虫的安全浓度高于或接近常用浓度,硫酸铜、溴氰菊脂乳油、氯氰菊脂、甲苯咪唑的安全浓度低于常用浓度。水体中非离子态氨的安全浓度为2．51mg／L,亚硝酸氮的安全浓度为55．12mg／L。     

鲁西黄牛耳缘组织成纤维细胞的体外培养

实验以鲁西黄牛耳缘组织为研究材料,采用组织块贴壁培养法对其进行了成纤维细胞的体外培养。通过细胞的传代培养、形态学和动力学观察与分析,结果表明,所建立的鲁西黄牛耳缘组织成纤维细胞系具有典型的成纤维细胞形态,胞体均为梭形和不规则三角形,且细胞丰满;细胞核形态为卵圆形,并位于胞质中央,核仁清晰。在细胞生长于繁殖过程中亦经历了潜伏期、指数增生、停滞期和衰退死亡期等4个时期。细胞群体倍增时期为72h。实验结果表明,已成功地培养了鲁西黄牛耳缘组织成纤维细胞。     

Maturity, fecundity and the effect of reduced rainfall on the spawning rhythm of a siluroid catfish, Clarias mossambicus (Peters)

Abstract. Five maturity stages in the male and six in the female Clarias mossambicus (Peters) are described based on macroscopic and histological analysis of the gonads. During the study period (September 1984-August 1985) the species spawned only once instead of the usual biannual spawnings which coincide with the two rainy seasons in the gulf region. The reduction in the spawning rhythm is associated with the reduced rainfall which the Nyanza district experienced during October-December 1984. Rainfall, therefore, acts as a spawning stimulus in the species. Ripe ovaries which could not be released due to lack of spawning underwent atresia. The fecundity of fish measuring 46 0-87-Ocm TL ranged from 7966-229648 with a mean of 78152 eggs and it increased lineariy with total length (r = 0-9165) and body weight (r = 0.9371). The overall ratio of male to female was 1:1. First sexual maturity is attained in the length range of 41-45cm TL in both sexes.     

Compensatory growth in Atlantic halibut: Effect of starvation and subsequent feeding on growth, maturation, feed utilization and flesh quality

A group of juvenile Atlantic halibut (mean, SD, 199.5 g, 44.7) was split into two experimental groups: one group was fed in excess twice a day and later five days a week (i.e. Control group), and the other group was starved for 5 weeks and then subsequently re-fed for 10 weeks (i.e. 5/10 starvation/re-fed group). This treatment was repeated for three years until the fish were harvested (mean final weight, 4.4 kg). A size +specific compensatory response was seen; partial compensation was observed in halibut weighing less than 500 g whereas full recovery growth was seen in halibut over 2 kg. Food consumption and feed conversion efficiency was measured during two full 5/10 starvation/re-fed cycles. The Control group consumed 86% more food in the measurement period, whereas the FCE 40% higher in the 5/10 starvation/re-fed group (FCE = 0.95) compared to the Control group (FCE = 0.68). In males lower gonadosomatic index (2.2 vs. 3.0) and plasma 11-ketotestosterone (0.22 vs. 1.26 ng ml^− 1) levels in the 5/10 starvation/re-fed group were observed during late winter and spring of 2006 (age 3 years) indicating higher age at 1st maturity. Starvation had a significant effect for improving the quality as starved fish had higher muscle pH (6.4 vs. 6.2), less gaping (0.1 vs. 0.3) and harder texture (61.4 vs. 57.6 N). Overall, the rearing on a repeated 5/10 starvation/re-fed regime for 3 years led to full growth compensation, higher feed conversion efficiency, lower male maturation and improved flesh quality.     

歧管式高压射流水下洗网机的设计

文章针对深水网箱养殖过程中岸电供应不便而给网衣的水下清洗带来极大困难的问题,研制了歧管式高压射流水下洗网机,克服了高压仓式洗网机水头损失大的缺点。通过水力学计算得到歧管式高压射流水下洗网机射流压力P=5．57MPa、喷嘴孔径d=2．6mm、射流速度v=104．1m·s。和射流功率P=12．3kW、射流反冲力F=234．96N。水下洗网机的海上清洗试验表明,在工作泵满足工作压力和设计流量条件下,歧管式高压水射流水下洗网机的综合性能达到了设计要求。     

河湖水生态系统服务价值核算研究及应用展望

科学有效地界定河湖水生态系统服务价值评估体系与评估指标,可以促进河湖水生态的可持续发展、合理制定水资源价格、为河湖水生态系统服务价值评估提供参考,同时也为河湖水资源纳入国民经济核算体系提供借鉴,为绿色经济核算提供有力的依据。从河湖水生态系统服务功能、评估体系和评估方法等方面总结了国内外研究进展,分析了现有河湖水生态系统服务体系和评估方法的优缺点。对河湖水生态系统服务评估体系进行了优化,优化后的评估体系包括供给服务、调节服务、文化服务和支持服务4大类以及水资源供给、水质净化、科研教育和固碳能力等19项指标,优化了水资源供给、提供水产品、水质净化、防洪减灾、休闲娱乐、生物多样性保护等6个指标的评估方法。对河湖水生态系统服务价值核算在生态文明建设考核、生态产品价值实现机制、自然资源资产审计以及新时期河湖长制考核实施方面的应用进行了展望。下一步要制订GEP核算技术标准,建设市场化、多元化的生态产品交易体系,将水资源开发、利用及保护情况、水资源管理生态环境效益等指标纳入审计范围,建立以水生态系统为整体、以维护河湖生态系统健康为总目标、以定量评判和可操作性为抓手的新的河湖长制考核体系。     

Effect of dietary vitamin B6 supplementation on growth and intestinal microflora of juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)

In order to investigate the dietary vitamin B₆ (VB₆) requirement for juvenile golden pompano, an experiment of six different diets with six dietary VB₆ levels (0, 3.75, 7.47, 10.6, 13.7 and 18.5 mg/kg) was conducted. The results indicated that the content of dietary VB₆ significantly increased weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR; p < 0.05). Golden pompano fed diet containing 7.47 mg/kg VB₆ achieved the maximum ALT, AST, GPx, hepatic VB₆ concentrations as well as the minimum MDA, however, the ALT, AST, GPx and hepatic VB₆ concentrations decreased while MDA increased with a further increase in dieatry VB₆. The highest values of GR and POD occurred at the 10.6 and 13.7 mg/kg dietary VB₆ (p < 0.05) respectively. A diet supplemented with 7.47 mg/kg VB₆ increased intestinal Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase, Chymotrypsin, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, creatine kinase and amylase activities (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Tenericutes and Bacteroidetes decreased while Proteobacteria and Firmicutes improved with an increase in dietary VB₆ levels up to 7.47 mg/kg. Quadratic regression analysis on WGR, hepatic VB₆ concentrations, AST and ALT indicated that the optimum dietary VB₆ levels for juvenile golden pompano were 8.84–9.28 mg/kg.     

点带石斑鱼对盐度适应性的初步研究

通过对体长10.4～8.0cm、平均体长8.6cm;体重19.5～12.2g平均体重16.63g的点带石斑鱼的淡化试验,分别采用盐度突变及渐变淡化两种方式,在水温27.5～29.0℃,经过30d的试验,结果是：将点带石斑鱼鱼苗从盐度（‰）30的自然海水中直接投放至盐度2.6的水体中时,其成活率100%;直接投放至盐度1.3的水体中的成活率80%。而渐变淡化,在盐度降至0.3时的成活率100%,进入纯淡水时的3d后才有逐渐死亡现象出现,10d后的成活率55%。点带石斑鱼的生长速度从纯海水至盐度5.2,随着盐度的降低其生长速度加快。研究结果证明,点带石斑鱼对盐度变化具有很强的适应能力,不但能在海水中养殖而且也可以在河口及低盐地区进行养殖。     

全过程安全评估体系在浙江省水库型水源地的应用

国内的水源地评价主要是采用水质指标的单因子评价,缺乏考虑水源地环境质量、水生态系统状况的综合因子,不能有效识别水源地的安全状况。为此,本研究按照水源产生过程、蓄水过程分析的水污染环节和各种危害因素,从环境特征、人类活动、水质状况和生态完整性4个方面构建水源地全过程评估指标体系。并选择浙江省4座水库型水源地,开展全过程评估指标体系应用。评估结果表明:全过程评估体系较好地反映水源地水在不同阶段的安全状况,发现存在的问题,并能针对性地提出污染控制和预防改进措施,能够切实可行的运用于水库型水源地安全评估的实际工作,为水资源管理提供技术支撑。